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Articles by Sam Rutherford

Oregon Supreme Court Further Clarifies ‘Guilty Except for Insanity’ Defense

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of Oregon clarified the “Guilty Except for Insanity” (“GEI”) defense, holding that the defendant’s mental disease or defect may combine with another condition to cause the lack of capacity to form the requisite criminal intent and the mental disease or defect need not be ...

Georgia Supreme Court: Discovery of Common Law Wife’s Infidelity Entitled Defendant to Voluntary Manslaughter Instruction in Malice Murder Prosecution

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of Georgia held that the trial court erred in refusing to give the jury a lesser included offense instruction of voluntary manslaughter in a prosecution for malice murder where the evidence showed that the killing was in response to the defendant discovering his common-­law ...

Wisconsin Supreme Court: Officer Violated Fourth Amendment by Exceeding Scope of Community Caretaking Function During Traffic Stop

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of Wisconsin held that a police officer exceeded the proper bounds of the community caretaking function exception to the Fourth Amendment during the course of a traffic stop. The officer stopped the driver to perform a welfare check after the driver had fallen asleep ...

Seventh Circuit Holds Sentencing Guidelines Commentary Still Entitled to Deference

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit held that Application Notes to provisions of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual are still entitled to deference, even after a Supreme Court case questioned the continued applicability of such deference.

Christopher Johnson was indicted for and pleaded guilty ...

Fifth Circuit Announces Geofence Warrants Are Unconstitutional ‘Modern-Day General Warrants’

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that geofence warrants violate the Fourth Amendment because they constitute a “general warrant.” However, the evidence acquired in the case as a result of the unlawful geofence warrant was nonetheless admissible under the good-faith exception to the ...

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals: Trial Court Violated Defendant’s ‘Due Process’ Right to Be Present During Zoom Probation Revocation Hearing by Muting Him

by Sam Rutherford

The Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, that state’s highest court of review in criminal cases, held that a trial court violated a defendant’s right to be present at a probation revocation hearing conducted via Zoom by muting the defendant during the hearing. This case challenges yet ...

Sixth Circuit Strikes Retroactive Application of Parts of Tennessee’s Sweeping Sex Offender Registration, Verification, and Tracking Law

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit overturned a ruling by the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee, enjoining enforcement of Tennessee’s 2004 Sexual Offender and Violent Sexual Offender Registration, Verification, and Tracking Act (“Act”) in its entirety. Instead, the Court held ...

Third Circuit District Court Erred by Failing to Consider Mitigating Evidence Under § 3553(a) Because It Mistakenly Believed Such Grounds Already Taken Into Consideration Based on Safety-Valve, Minor Role, and Acceptance of Responsibility Departures in

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit reversed a sentence imposed by the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania because the district judge erroneously concluded he could not consider evidence offered by the defendant in support of a downward variance under 18 ...

Virginia Supreme Court Announces Parties Are Free to Renegotiate Plea Agreement Not Already Accepted by Trial Court, Which May Not Enforce Original Plea Against Parties’ Wishes

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of Virginia held that a trial court erred by enforcing a plea agreement after the parties had negotiated a new agreement because the first plea was neither accepted nor rejected by the trial court. This case presented yet another legal issue stemming from delays ...

Ninth Circuit Clarifies ‘Implicit Breach’ Case Law Regarding When Government Breaches Plea Agreement by Responding to Defendant’s Request for Downward Variant Sentence

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, sitting en banc, clarified when the Government breaches its promise in a plea agreement not to recommend a sentence in excess of the low-end of the Sentencing Guidelines range when responding to the defendant’s request for a downward ...

 

 

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