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Articles by Sam Rutherford

Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Clarifies Trial Court Must Conduct Inquiry Whether Defendant Knowingly and Voluntarily Waived Right to Counsel at ‘Any Stage of a Case,’ Including Arraignment or Plea Hearing

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts held that a defendant did not knowingly and voluntarily waive his right to counsel under the Massachusetts Constitution when he decided to represent himself at arraignment and during a change of plea hearing but nonetheless upheld his guilty plea because the ...

Ninth Circuit: Defense Counsel Ineffective for Failing to Move to Suppress Evidence Obtained as a Result of Police Officer Trespassing on Curtilage of Defendant’s Home

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit granted a federal prisoner’s 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion for habeas relief based on his claim that defense counsel provided ineffective assistance by failing to move to suppress evidence acquired after a police officer trespassed onto the curtilage of ...

Ninth Circuit Announces California Assault With Deadly Weapon Conviction Not ‘Crime of Violence’ for Career Offender Enhancement Under Sentencing Guidelines

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that a defendant’s prior California conviction for assault with a deadly weapon under Cal. Penal Code § 245(a)(1) does not qualify as a “crime of violence” for purposes of a career offender sentence enhancement under the U.S. Sentencing ...

California Court of Appeal Strikes Prison Prior Enhancement for Invalid Predicate Offense Under § 1172.75 Despite Concurrently Served Valid Predicate

by Sam Rutherford

The California Court of Appeal, Fourth Appellate, held that a defendant’s prison prior enhancement based on an offense that may no longer serve as a predicate for the sentence enhancement under Senate Bill No. 483 (2021–2022 Reg. Sess.) may not be affirmed based on the existence of ...

Eleventh Circuit: Asylee’s Florida Convictions for Marijuana Possession and Lewd and Lascivious Battery Do Not Warrant Removal Under INA

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that an asylee’s convictions in Florida state court for possession of marijuana under Fla. Stat. § 893.13(6)(b) and for lewd and lascivious battery under Fla. Stat. § 800.04(4) (2008) does not subject him to removal under the Immigration and ...

Vermont Supreme Court Eliminates Year-and-a-Day Rule in Murder Prosecutions

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of Vermont abrogated the common-law year-and-a-day rule, under which the victim must die within one year and a day of the defendant’s criminal conduct to support a murder charge, thus reinstating a murder prosecution initiated against the defendant nearly two decades after his criminal ...

Ninth Circuit Announces ‘Clear Error’ Review Applies to District Courts’ Factual Findings for Brady Challenges and Affirms District Court’s Mid-Trial Order Excluding Witness Testimony and Imposing Monetary Sanctions for Government’s Brady Violation

by Sam Rutherford

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the U.S. District Court for the District of Eastern Washington’s order excluding a key Government witness’ testimony and imposing monetary sanctions against the Government based on its failure to disclose to the defense evidence material to the ...

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Grants Habeas Relief in ‘Shaken Baby Syndrome’ Case

by Sam Rutherford

The Criminal Court of Appeals of Texas, the state’s highest court in criminal cases, granted a prisoner’s habeas corpus petition based on advances in science that undermined the validity of evidence concerning Shaken Baby Syndrome that played a key role in his prosecution and conviction for abusing ...

SCOTUS Announces Confrontation Clause Prohibits Expert Witness From Testifying About Non-­Testifying Expert’s Statements Regarding Forensic Testing Performed by Non-­Testifying Expert in Support of Testifying Expert’s Opinion Testimony at Trial

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of the United States unanimously held that the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause prohibits an expert witness from testifying about another non-­testifying expert’s statements and conclusions made in connection with scientific analysis where the defendant had no prior opportunity to cross-­examine the non-­testifying expert and ...

Illinois Supreme Court Announces Dismissal by Nolle Prosequi as Part of Agreement Bars State From Bringing Second Prosecution Where Defendant Satisfied Obligations and Reverses Empire Actor Jussie Smollett’s Conviction

by Sam Rutherford

The Supreme Court of Illinois reversed and dismissed Empire actor Jussie Smollett’s felony disorderly conduct convictions because the State previously entered into a non-prosecution agreement with the actor in exchange for his promise to forfeit the bond he posted and complete community service. The Court held that ...

 

 

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