May 24, 2016

WASHINGTON STATE
SENATE
LAW AND JUSTICE
COMMITTEE
Majority Report
Investigation of
Department of Corrections
Early-Release Scandal

Senator Mike Padden, Chair
Senator Steve O’Ban, Vice Chair
Senator Kirk Pearson
Senator Pam Roach

Majority Report:
Investigation of Department of Corrections Early-Release Scandal
Table of Contents

I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3
II. Resolution by the Senate Law and Justice Committee, adopted Jan. 19, 2016. ........................ 4
III. Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 5
A. Background ............................................................................................................................ 6
B. Summary of Senate Investigation, December 2015-May 2016 .............................................. 7
C. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................ 9
D. Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 12
IV. Factual Summary .................................................................................................................... 14
A. The King Decision ............................................................................................................. 14
B. The Tenure of Eldon Vail ..................................................................................................... 16
C. Bernard Warner takes command .......................................................................................... 18
D. Secretary Warner’s misplaced priority: Advance Corrections/STRONG-R ........................ 22
E. The evaporation of DOC’s IT governance structure and a “breakdown of a systemic
proportion” ................................................................................................................................ 29
F. DOC response to the King error............................................................................................ 33
G. The Aftermath ...................................................................................................................... 49
1.

Number of affected offenders ........................................................................................ 50

2.

Crimes committed by prematurely released offenders ................................................... 51

3.

Death of Caesar Medina ................................................................................................. 51

4.

Death of Lindsay Hill ..................................................................................................... 52

5. Substantial Potential Liability for State ............................................................................. 53
V. Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 55
VI. Recommendations................................................................................................................... 62

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I. Introduction
On Jan. 19, 2016, the Senate Law and Justice Committee formally launched an investigation into
the early release of some 3,000 prisoners by the Department of Corrections (“DOC” or “the
Department”) over a 13-year period from 2002 to 2015. The focus of this investigation was
DOC’s three-year delay in correcting a problem in calculating release dates for inmates – a
problem discovered by a crime victim’s parent, who alerted the Department in 2012. While the
Senate investigation has largely run its course, it remains open to make further findings from
ongoing public-disclosure requests and further DOC analysis of the prisoner-release data.
This report provides a summary of the investigation’s evidentiary findings and its conclusions
regarding the causes of the delayed fix, as well as recommendations to help prevent such a
problem from recurring in the future.
This report is organized in the following manner:
 The resolution authorizing the historic subpoenas issued in support of the Senate
investigation;
 An executive summary;
 A summary of key facts;
 Conclusions; and
 Recommendations.
An appendix includes: transcripts of evidentiary hearings, exhibits, a memorandum of law
regarding the “King error” and “King fix” stemming from a 2002 Washington Supreme Court
ruling, summaries of witness interviews, and draft legislation.

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II. Resolution by the Senate Law and Justice Committee, adopted
Jan. 19, 2016.
WHEREAS, serious and specific public allegations have been made against the Department of
Corrections regarding the agency’s early release error of over three thousand two hundred
prisoners over a thirteen-year period from 2002 to 2015; and
WHEREAS, these errors have occurred despite the Legislature’s significant investment in a
vendor overseeing the Department of Corrections computer system and in providing funding for
Department of Corrections employees responsible for accurate calculation of prisoner sentences;
and
WHEREAS, the governor has announced that his office has hired two investigators to look into
the matter. However, questions have arisen as to the scope and transparency of the investigation.
The governor’s office has also declined to make the investigators available to answer questions
before the Law and Justice Committee regarding issues of legislative interest, or to agree to make
the full investigation available to the Legislature; and
WHEREAS, the members of the committee have made every effort to work through the normal
processes to obtain information regarding this matter including submitting a public records
request and requesting that witnesses testify at committee hearings to questions provided in
advance. The Department of Corrections has returned the public records request and witnesses
either declined the committee’s invitation or declined to answer the questions as requested; and
WHEREAS, this matter presents significant legislative issues which are directly related to the
jurisdiction of the Law and Justice Committee. First, the committee is charged with
implementing the statutory provisions related to sentencing and the department of corrections.
Moreover, the committee is charged with consideration of the governor’s appointment of the
Department of Corrections secretary, which is now pending before it. These matters are directly
related to the judgment and fitness of the secretary and whether he may serve as an adequate
steward of the public trust. Finally, the committee requires this information because it is germane
to future legislation to ensure that errors of this magnitude do not occur again; and
WHEREAS, the Washington State Constitution, Article II section 1, provides that the
“legislative authority of the state of Washington shall be vested in the Legislature,” chapter 44.16
RCW provides for the process of legislative inquiry, and under Senate rule 43 committees of the
Legislature may have the powers of subpoena subject to the processes outlined in the rule; and
WHEREAS, it is necessary for the development of sound public policy and legislative
deliberations that all of the facts pertaining to this matter with the department of corrections be
addressed and considered. Therefore to properly fulfill the committee’s legislative duties, the
committee needs to obtain documents and take witness testimony;
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NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Washington state Senate Committee on
Rules is requested to issue two initial subpoenas for all nonprivileged documents, in electronic or
written form, including, but not limited to, communications, reports, memoranda, graphs, charts,
photographs, images, or data compilations, prepared by or in the possession of the department of
corrections or the office of the governor on or after December 1, 2012, to December 22, 2015,
relating to the erroneous early release of inmates arising from sentence calculation errors, or the
failure to timely correct those errors, that was the subject of the publicly disclosed statement of
the governor on December 22, 2015. The subpoenas should allow the Department of Corrections
and the Office of the Governor to delete the identity of victims contained in all documents.

III. Executive Summary
On Dec. 22, 2015, one of the most significant cases of state-government mismanagement in
Washington history was revealed to the public. Over 13 years, the state Department of Corrections
released some 3,000 inmates before their full sentences had run their course. These inmates were
released an average of 59 days early, according to the most recent estimate, and in the worst case,
nearly two years. This error had tragic consequences. Two deaths have been linked to felons who
should have been in prison at the time, and numerous other crimes also may have committed by
those who should have been in custody, according to a DOC analysis that remains incomplete.
The most disturbing fact was that DOC learned about the problem after a phone call from an
anguished citizen in 2012, yet continued to release inmates early for another three years.
Employees followed agency protocols to obtain legal advice, notify supervisors, and to try to get
the problem corrected. Yet at no point did their efforts trigger alarms. DOC did not begin handcalculating sentences, or launch a crash program to fix its software, nor did it try to determine the
scope of the problem. The matter was treated as a routine software maintenance issue and a fix
was repeatedly delayed. Not until December 2015 did executive management claim to become
fully aware of the error and its impact.
The Senate Law and Justice Committee launched its own investigation, independent of the
governor’s. Its findings, presented in this report, indicate that the mismanagement was systemic,
and it started at the top levels of state government. The consequences have been grave and the
financial cost will be felt for years in expensive litigation and awards to the victims of the early
released inmates. This was not a “software glitch.” It was a failure of leadership.

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A. Background
Under Washington state law a state-prison inmate’s base sentence may not be reduced more than
33 percent by good-behavior time.1 In July 2002 the Washington State Supreme Court ruled, in
the case In Personal Restraint of King,2 that certain state-prison inmates must receive credit for
“earned release” time (commonly known as “good time”) they accrued in city or county jails prior
to entering prison. Prior to the King decision, the Washington Department of Corrections credited
offenders for good time earned only in prison, not jail. To comply with the King ruling the
Department changed coding in the system it used to track offenders and compute their sentences.
However, the coding change was inaccurately sequenced. This incorrectly allowed select offenders
to receive credit for good time in excess of the statutory 33-percent limit. The erroneous calculation
of certain inmates’ sentences – and thus their release dates – remained virtually undetected for a
decade.
In December 2012, King County resident Matthew Mirante was notified that DOC intended to
release the man who had been convicted of stabbing Mirante’s son multiple times in November
2011. Mr. Mirante suspected that the release date was premature. After calculating the proper
release date by hand, in a matter of minutes, he contacted DOC. According to several DOC staff,
this was their first indication that the agency offender-management computer system was
calculating prisoner-release dates incorrectly in light of the King decision. The Department
contacted the Office of the Attorney General regarding what would be known as the “King error.”
Counsel there provided legal advice indicating the department could continue releasing prisoners
early while it waited for a fix to the software.
Several low to mid-level DOC employees tried to implement a solution, which would be known
as “the King fix,” through normal agency processes and managed to add it to a list of updates
planned for the offender-management computer system. A DOC contractor began work on the
King fix in 2013; however, it was repeatedly delayed.
By December 2015, enough of the King fix was implemented for DOC executives – including a
new Secretary of Corrections, on the job less than two months – to realize some 3,000 offender
sentences were affected by the original error that had come to light three years earlier. Gov. Jay
Inslee was notified about the problem on Dec. 17, 2015 and informed the public five days later,

1
2

RCW 9.94A.729(1)(b).
In Personal Restraint of King, 146 Wn. 658, 49 P.3d 854 (2002).

6

saying his office would conduct an investigation,3 to be led by two former federal prosecutors
hired from the Seattle firm of Yarmuth Wilsdon, PLLC.

B. Summary of Senate Investigation, December 2015-May 2016
When news of the sentencing-error scandal was made public on Dec. 22, 2015, Sen. Mike Padden,
R-Spokane Valley, chair of the Senate Law and Justice Committee, sent a public-records request
to the Office of the Governor and DOC for all documents regarding the sentencing error, from
2012 up to the governor’s announcement. The public-records request was rejected on the grounds
that Sen. Padden had failed to submit it to the public records officer at DOC.4 Staff for Sen. Padden
invited the governor’s investigators to testify before the Senate Law and Justice Committee;
however, the governor’s office objected and instead offered to make the investigators available for
a private meeting on Jan. 14, 2016. At that meeting, Sen. Padden and Sen. Steve O’Ban, R-Pierce
County, vice chair of the Senate Law and Justice Committee, learned that the investigators did not
intend to take sworn testimony or have witnesses sign or verify statements. Rather, they would
interview witnesses in private and the critical factual conclusions of their report would be based
on the investigators’ notes that they would not disclose to the public. Both senators expressed
concerns with this approach.
As a result, the Senate Law and Justice Committee made a request to the Senate Rules Committee,
for the authority to issue subpoenas to the governor’s office and DOC. The Rules Committee met
Jan. 19, 2016 and approved the subpoenas. The Senate then hired the firm of Davis Wright
Tremaine, LLP, headquartered in Seattle, to assist with the Senate investigation.5
The Senate followed a strikingly different process than the governor’s office, to ensure accuracy
and full public transparency for its investigation. Mark Bartlett, a former federal prosecutor, served
as lead attorney. During a hearing of the Senate Law and Justice Committee on Feb. 10, 2016,
attended by members of both parties, Mr. Bartlett made it clear that the firm had been engaged to
assist in the Senate investigation, rather than to conduct the investigation itself. Mr. Bartlett stated,
“We were not engaged to do an independent internal investigation. Instead, we were engaged to

3

Following disclosure of the early-release issue, DOC undertook a number of actions, including a roundup of the
relative handful of prisoners who legally could be forced to return to custody, an all-out effort by DOC to patch its
faulty computer software and hand calculations of inmate sentences until the problem could be fixed.
4
Sen. Padden had submitted public-records requests on another matter only a few months earlier to DOC in
substantially the same format. Instead of returning those requests, DOC and the governor’s office provided
responses.
5
The Senate Law and Justice Committee expresses its sincere appreciation to the Davis Wright Tremaine law firm
and especially Mark Bartlett, for its diligence, professionalism, and perseverance in the face of unique challenges
and tight deadlines. The Senate and the people of the State of Washington are grateful for their contribution.

7

assist the Senate as the Senate conducts its oversight hearings with regard to what happened at the
DOC.”6
The first step was to review 71,000 pages of records7 produced by the governor’s office and DOC
in response to the subpoenas issued by the Senate Law and Justice Committee. Using a specialized
software system, Davis Wright Tremaine identified the most relevant documents to be used in later
questioning of witnesses8 and completed the review in less than 30 days.9
As documents were being produced, Davis Wright Tremaine attorneys undertook the next step –
interviewing witnesses. More than two dozen people with direct or indirect knowledge of the
scandal were interviewed. Here, too, the Senate investigation stood in sharp contrast to the
approach taken by the governor’s office. Rather than attempt to reconstruct witness testimony from
interview notes, which relies heavily on the subjective judgments of investigators and the accuracy
of which cannot be objectively corroborated,10 the Senate’s process emphasized the creation of
statements that would be thorough, accurate and adopted by the witness. After each witness
identified by the Senate was interviewed, a written memorandum was prepared and returned to the
witness so that it could be reviewed for accuracy and corrected. After making corrections as
needed, each of the witnesses signed his or her statement to attest to its accuracy. These witness
statements are provided with this report so that the public can determine for itself that the report
accurately conveys the witnesses’ testimony.
The Senate Law and Justice Committee also received testimony from 13 witnesses, under oath,
over the course of four investigatory hearings that lasted a total eight-and-a-half hours. Each of
these investigatory hearings was conducted in public and was televised, with Republican and
Democrat members of the committee both having the opportunity to examine witnesses.
Transcripts of these hearings are provided with this report. The committee also held three less-

6

Testimony before the Senate Law and Justice Committee, Feb. 10, 2016.
Approximately 30,000 pages of documents have been received since that time.
8
The system was so effective that, according to Mr. Bartlett, the governor’s investigators asked to use it.
9
By contrast, the governor’s investigators had more than two months to accomplish this task, and by the time they
issued their final report on Feb. 25, they still had not reviewed 16,000 pages of documents. Governor’s media
availability, Feb. 25, 2016, http://www.tvw.org/watch/?eventID=2016021403.
10
In fact, as discussed infra, witnesses challenged the accuracy of the testimony as reconstructed by the governor’s
investigators.
7

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formal work sessions on the matter, which are viewable on TVW, the state’s public-affairs
network.11 This report is a compilation of the committee’s findings.12
Other than the governor’s investigators, only one witness invited by the Senate Law and Justice
Committee to appear did not do so: Bernard (“Bernie”) Warner, who served as secretary of
corrections from July 2011 to mid-October 2015. Warner’s tenure coincided with the period during
which the King error was identified and the King fix was repeatedly delayed. Rather than submit
to questioning by senators, Mr. Warner, who had left Washington State for a job in a different
state, answered questions from Davis Wright Tremaine attorneys. Like other witnesses, he too
attested to the accuracy of his statements.
The Senate Law and Justice Committee also conducted a novel outreach effort called “FixDOC”
to seek insight from DOC employees. An email was sent to all 10,016 employees of the
Department. “Many of you know how and why this happened,” the message read. “You know
where the mistakes were made, and what it will take to fix them. We’d like to hear from you. What
changes need to be made in management processes, workforce development, ethics and culture?”
The message was signed by Sen. Padden, as chair of the committee, and Sen. Jamie Pedersen, DSeattle, ranking minority member. Nearly 300 responses were received in response to the email or
via a website administered by the Senate. These responses informed the committee’s
understanding of the cultural issues within the Department.

C. Conclusions
The Senate investigation has largely concluded, though it may issue a supplemental report. The
Senate continues to review the wealth of information gained from DOC employees, which
prompted more public-disclosure requests of DOC and the governor’s office that remain
outstanding. However, enough was learned from December 2015 through May 2016 to draw the
following conclusions about the causes of the DOC early-release scandal:

11

TVW, the independent Washington state public affairs TV network, hosts the files on its website at
www.TVW.org. The Senate Law and Justice Committee held these work sessions on Jan. 11, Jan. 18 (joint session
with the Senate Accountability and Reform Committee) and Feb. 10.
12
Three investigative reports have been produced on the subject, including this one. The other two reports, from the
Attorney General’s Office and the Office of the Governor, were more limited in scope. The attorney general’s report
examined the adequacy of legal advice the office provided to the DOC. The governor’s report examined the narrow
question of who was responsible for the delay to the software fix, but it did not consider the responsibility of
executive-level managers for the performance of their agency. Nor did it consider the failure of the governor’s office
to recognize the dysfunction within DOC.

9

1. Although this debacle was described in some news accounts as a software or computer
“glitch,”13 it is more properly understood as a management failure. The initial mistake
was a human error, caused when the DOC provided incorrect instructions to
programmers. There was no failure of software or equipment. The systems involved
worked exactly as they were programmed – incorrectly and with tragic consequences.
2. DOC’s three-year delay in implementing the King fix, and ending the premature release
of prisoners, was largely due to failed management, starting with former Secretary
Warner’s grossly inadequate management style and practices. Warner was a poor
communicator; he failed to make timely decisions; he was frequently absent traveling to
out-of-state and international conferences; he displayed a lack of interest in the oversight
of the Information Technology (IT) department and other key departments; and he
prioritized at the expense of routine maintenance a grandiose software project that he
insisted be developed by a controversial company owned by a personal friend and which
would consume the time, energy and resources of many IT managers and staff.
3. Former Secretary Warner’s mismanagement led to a structural breakdown and disorder
within DOC, evidenced by the fact that the job of chief information officer for the
Department was held by six people during the Warner administration, with three CIOs
serving no more than three months each. The atmosphere became such that executive
managers did not properly monitor day-to-day operations and ignored a clear warning of
the early-release problem, while mid-level employees could not effectively communicate
with their peers or question agency-management decisions. As a result, IT-governance
processes that should have detected and corrected the sentence-calculation error instead
broke down, allowing the King fix to languish.
4. Former Secretary Warner admitted to limited knowledge of the computer error.
Nevertheless, this knowledge constituted notice that should have prompted a reasonably
competent manager to make further inquiry and ensure that the matter was finally
resolved.

Examples are numerous but include: Associated Press, “More than 3,000 Washington Prisoners Released Early
Since 2002” Dec. 22, 2015, http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/12/23/more-than-3000-washington-prisonersmistakenly-freed-early-since-2002.html; Jerry Cornfield, “Inslee vows Accountability in Inmate Early-Release
Glitch,” The (Everett) Herald, Jan. 7, 2016, http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20160107/NEWS01/160109251;
Seattle Times editorial board, “Lessons Learned from State’s Deadly Prisons Scandal,” Seattle Times, Feb. 27,
2016, http://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/editorials/an-upgrade-in-performance-from-state-government-on-itsystems/ ; Steve Kiggins, “Senate Committee Hears Testimony in Probe of Erroneous Early Release of Prisoners,”
KCPQ-TV, Feb. 22, 2016, http://q13fox.com/2016/02/22/senate-committee-hears-testimony-regarding-doc-scandal/.
13

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5. There can be no doubt that the staff in the governor’s office, which bears statutory
responsibility to oversee DOC and most other agencies in the executive branch of
Washington state government, had some knowledge of the early-release problem. At least
one current staff member, Sandy Mullins, admitted to some knowledge of the error. Yet
the state’s chief executive and his staff failed to make inquiries, failed to recognize a
number of warning signs of DOC’s dysfunction caused by Warner’s mismanagement,
and failed to effectively address personal relationships that likely discouraged DOC staff
from raising questions regarding the Department’s inability to protect the public.
The extent of these management and oversight failures remains unknown because it is unknown
how many criminals were released into the community prematurely. The latest numbers provided
by DOC suggest the number of offenders released early is approximately 3,000. Some of these
inmates either committed or have been accused of committing serious crimes, including murder,
during the time they should have been behind bars.14 At the time of publication of this report, at
least two deaths have been linked to the early releases,
However, DOC has not completed its analysis of the number of offenders who were released early,
the crimes committed by those who were released early, or the individual offenders who still owe
additional prison time. In particular, DOC has not publicly provided any work product regarding
inmates who were improperly released between 2002 and 2011.
In addition to the threat it posed to public safety, DOC’s mismanagement of the King fix threatens
huge costs for Washington taxpayers because of the potential financial liability borne by the state.
Although crimes were committed by the improperly released offenders and not by the state itself,
Washington law allows claims for “negligent supervision” that make the state easier to sue than
other states. The Department is particularly vulnerable because courts have held that the agency
has a duty to protect the public from the “dangerous propensities” of inmates under its supervision.
Until DOC finishes its analysis, however, a full picture of the damage – and the state’s total liability
– cannot be accurately estimated.

14

The damage done by these early releases is not yet fully understood. But an incomplete analysis by the DOC
indicates that at least two people may have been killed by felons during the time they should have been in jail. In
addition, a number of serious crimes were committed or may have been committed by former inmates when they
should have been in custody. The state faces an enormous liability: a claim for $5 million has been filed by the
family of one of those killed, and other claims are likely. Brandi Kruse, “Mother of Boy Allegedly Killed by
Mistakenly Released Prisoner Sues for $5 Million”, KCPQ-TV, Feb. 22, 2016,
http://q13fox.com/2016/02/26/mother-of-boy-allegedly-killed-by-mistakenly-released-prisoner-sues-for-5-million.
The impact on crime victims also must be considered, as well as the impact on inmates who were forced to return to
prison through no fault of their own.

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D. Recommendations
1. Establish a Corrections ombuds independent of DOC or the governor’s office. During
the 2016 legislative session, a number of bills were introduced that would have created an
independent forum for the resolution of concerns about the Department, serving victims
and their families, inmates and their families and DOC employees. This position should be
independent of DOC and the governor’s office.
2. Investigate the Advance Corrections/STRONG-R initiative/project. While the
Advance Corrections project may be good public policy, there are a number of unanswered
questions about the project including: whether justification existed for a sole-source
contract for Assessments.com, a company owned by a personal friend of Secretary Warner,
Sean Hosman, why Warner continued to invest trust and public funds in Hosman's
company when he knew Hosman was a convicted criminal and suffered from a substance
abuse addiction, and whether Assessments.com was fulfilling its contractual duties to
DOC. These should be investigated by the appropriate authority via a performance audit
conducted by the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee.
3. Mandate that the governor put systems in place to directly monitor critical agency
performance. The governor’s office has the clear constitutional and statutory duty to
competently manage state agencies. Current law is largely silent as to how the governor is
to effectively manage state agencies. It is clearly not enough to appoint the agency secretary
and nothing more. Systems must be in place to monitor a secretary’s performance on a
regular basis, including to ensure that a pattern of poor management can be reported
directly to the governor’s staff with the authority and impartiality to act on such reports.
4. Clarify through policy how personal relationships within the executive branch should
be managed to avoid conflicts of interest. Although personal relationships between staff
cannot be categorically prohibited, there is special concern when staff of the governor’s
office form personal, and especially romantic, relationships with heads of departments. To
avoid obvious conflicts of interest in those circumstances, current law and policy should
be clarified that the governor should be notified of those relationships and the agency head
should report directly to him or her.
5. Simplify Washington’s sentencing code in a manner that does not reduce punishment
or compromise public safety. Multiple witnesses indicated that the complexity of the
sentencing structure in Washington directly led to confusion about and delay in
programming the King fix. The Legislature should undertake a multi-year process to
evaluate the sentencing code and provide a simpler sentencing system with a net-zero
impact to sentence length and without compromising public safety.
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6. Review the staffing of the IT and Records departments at DOC. Former Secretary of
Corrections Dan Pacholke, who headed DOC when the early-release scandal was
announced publicly, recommended a study of staffing levels of these key departments and
whether they are adequately funded and staffed.
7. Require a DOC-wide hand count in the event of any future computer error that
results in early prisoner releases. Many witnesses testified that a hand calculation of all
prisoner sentences would have stopped the early release of prisoners which was allowed
by the delay of the King fix.
8. Require an annual report to the Legislature and plan to address DOC’s IT
maintenance backlog. The Legislature should be informed of any remaining maintenance
backlog defects or enhancements in DOC’s offender-tracking system and a timeline for
their resolution.
9. Enhance protections for DOC “whistleblowers.” Given the workplace culture at DOC
and the popularity of the FixDOC website and outreach effort, and to allay employee
concerns that they have limited if any access to executive decision-makers, stronger
protections should be enacted for those who wish to anonymously “blow the whistle” on
practices and decisions that jeopardize public safety.
10. Review whether additional actions may be possible against Warner. Although Mr.
Warner is no longer in the employment of the state, his gross management warrants
additional scrutiny and action. The governor should consider whether other administrative
options exist, such as a letter of reprimand for his personnel file.
11. Designate public safety as DOC’s highest statutory duty. While the delay to the King
fix does not appear to have been intentional, some witnesses indicated that the emphasis of
the Department on preparation for release rather than public safety contributed to an agency
culture in which such a delay may have appeared acceptable.
12. Restructure information-technology governance at DOC. According to testimony and
witness statements, the Department already has begun to implement this recommendation,
in an effort to improve prioritization of IT fixes. This important step should be encouraged
legislatively, in law or budget.

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IV. Factual Summary
A. The King Decision
On July 3, 2002, the Washington State Supreme Court decided a case, In Personal Restraint of
King,15 involving a personal restraint petition filed by an offender who claimed that DOC had
failed to credit him with the “good time” he earned while being held in the Snohomish County jail
prior to his conviction and sentencing. The offender was serving a 190-month base sentence for
robbery and assault, as well as a consecutive 60-month enhancement for the use of a firearm. The
court sided with the offender and required DOC to give credit for good-behavior time earned in
jail.16 Prior to this decision, DOC credited offenders only for the good time they earned while in
prison.
Email from the date of the King decision indicates DOC and Office of Attorney General (AG) staff
understood the decision would create challenges for the software used by DOC, known as the
Offender Based Tracking System (OBTS). Paul Weisser of the AG’s office warned, “The
correctional records managers may have their hands full with this one. I suspect that many
offenders’ (hundreds or thousands) time structure will have to be individually recalculated because
I don’t think OBTS can accommodate the rule the court announced in King on a system-wide
basis.”17 Another internal DOC email suggested that the Department’s records and IT staff review
the impact of the decision.18
In its ruling, the court suggested a solution that would bring sentencing into compliance:
[T]he Department should have, upon assuming custody of King, begun the
enhancement time “clock.” That “clock” would start at zero and run for the
length of King’s mandatory sentence enhancement—60 months in this case.
King would not earn or accrue any good time credit or earned release time
during this enhancement time. After 60 months, King’s enhancement time
would be complete and he would begin serving his standard time. The
Department would then apply against the standard time the amount of time
King spent in presentence detention, in addition to whatever early release
credit he earned during that [jail] time. King would also be able to earn
additional good time or early release credit while serving his standard range
sentence. This approach avoids the conflicts created when an offender’s
presentence detention is recharacterized as enhancement time (thus
dissolving whatever earned early release credit an offender might have

15

In Personal Restraint of King, 146 Wn. 658, 49 P.3d 854 (2002).
Exhibit 20.
17
Exhibit 1.
18
Exhibit 1.
16

14

accrued), and ensures the Department will maintain control over the
important incentive of earned early release credit for good behavior.19
The suggested solution from the court was not the one taken by DOC. Instead it accepted an
invitation from the court, offered in a footnote, to develop its own calculation methods. DOC
continued its practice of sequencing an offender’s enhancement period to run before the offender’s
base period and credited the amount of jail time served against that enhancement. DOC also began
crediting any jail good time earned to the offender’s base sentence20 before calculating prison good
time.
This application resulted in some offenders receiving more total good time – jail and prison good
time combined – than they were legally entitled to in light of the statute that sets a maximum
amount of good time that an offender can earn. This occurred because DOC subtracted the jail
good time that an offender had earned from his base sentence, and then permitted the offender to
earn up to one-third of the remaining base sentence as additional good time. Combined, the jail
good time and prison good time in some scenarios could total more than 33 percent of the original
base sentence, resulting in an early release. OBTS erroneously calculated the length of sentences
in certain situations, not because it was malfunctioning but because it was behaving exactly as it
was programmed – incorrectly.
This misinterpretation of King went undetected for the next decade. When OBTS was largely
replaced by the Offender Management Network Information system (OMNI) in July 2008, the
error was transferred to the new system because there was no reason to believe the old system was
wrong. Kit Bail, who served DOC as chief information officer for five years until retiring in 2011
(but who was not in a position to impact the original implementation of the King decision
programming), offered this explanation for why such a misinterpretation might go undetected:
Sentence structure and time accounting is extremely complex…. And we
dealt with many, many, many, many specific situations of the complexity.
We had every reason to believe that the code was working correctly. We
would, as part of the process of developing OMNI, we would do test
scenarios on specific SSTA processes, and then we would do hand
calculations or ask the records staff to do hand calculations for comparison,
19

In Personal Restraint of King, p. 665 (footnote omitted).
In her 2007 email to DOC’s Leaora McDonald, AAG Ronda Larson pointed out that this practice arguably
violated the Hard Time for Armed Crime statute, RCW 9.94A.729(1)(b)(2). Under this new policy, offenders
received jail good time for days that were credited against their enhancement, rather than their base sentence.
Although the issue is ambiguous, it could be argued that permitting inmates to earn good time during a period when
their time served is credited against an enhancement violates RCW 9.94A.729(1)(b)(2). To our knowledge, neither
DOC nor the AG further analyzed this question, and DOC did not take any action based on this potential issue. We
take no position on whether this concern was correct, and DOC no longer follows this approach.
20

15

so that we had a pretty strong sense of reliability, in terms of how the system
was working. The fact that the algorithms were incorrect in OBTS and came
over and were incorrect in OMNI was something that everybody missed.
And my only explanation for that, senator, is the complexity of the system
of sentencing.21
Testing of OBTS/OMNI for accuracy did not reveal the sentence-calculation error because the
presumption that DOC had correctly interpreted the decision was not challenged. Wendy Stigall,
the administrator of the DOC records program, correctly pointed out that hand calculations done
prior to 2012 would not have revealed the error because DOC was intentionally applying its
understanding of the law at the time.22 As a result of this misinterpretation of the court decision,
inmates began to receive greater sentence reductions than they were legally allowed.
In December 2012, Matthew Mirante, a Boeing truck driver and father of a stabbing victim, alerted
DOC that the Department’s sentencing calculations could be allowing prisoners to be released
early. However, evidence indicates that personnel changes and events in motion prior to the 2012
phone call from Mr. Mirante had a direct impact on the way DOC handled the information as well
as on its failure to prioritize this threat to public safety.

B. The Tenure of Eldon Vail
On July 1, 2011, Gov. Christine Gregoire accepted the sudden resignation of Eldon Vail, whom
she had appointed Secretary of Corrections in January 2008. The governor said Mr. Vail’s decision
to step down was “a loss to the State of Washington, the Department of Corrections and to me
personally.”23 She was not alone in that sentiment. Despite the personal indiscretion that led to his
sudden departure, Mr. Vail was held in high regard and led the Department though major
challenges, including the budget challenges of the Great Recession and the April 2011 closure of
the state prison on McNeil Island in Pierce County.
Dan Pacholke, who served briefly as Secretary of Corrections in 2015 and 2016 and was deputy
director of prisons under Vail, described his former boss as “a master communicator” and “a very
skilled administrator.” Pacholke praised Mr. Vail’s work ethic, grasp of issues, and his “tons of
relationships” with department staff, community advocates, elected officials and law enforcement.
24
Kit Bail, former chief information officer for the agency, called Mr. Vail a great director who
connected with people, maintained high standards, and instilled a sense of pride in working for the

21

Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.13. It is interesting to note that Ms. Stigall
oversaw a statewide hand calculation in fall 2013 after she was aware of the King problem.
22
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.2
23
http://www.doc.wa.gov/docs/docnewsrelease--eldonvailresignsassecretaryofdepartmentofcorrections.pdf.
24
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript Feb. 29, 2016, p. 35

16

department.25 Denise Doty, who served as assistant secretary of DOC’s Administrative Services
Division under Mr. Vail, called him a great, effective leader who set goals, gave clear direction,
and led by example, testifying personally before the Legislature on budget issues, bringing heads
of prisons and community corrections divisions with him.26
At Vail’s direction, Ms. Bail established a governance structure for the OMNI project and future
large-scale computer projects. This new Project Review Board, an executive team of decisionmakers for major projects, established a “pretty rigorous governance process,” she said.27
Meanwhile, the tracking of defects, a separate process, was performed by “a group of people
involved in IT with the business team”28 Business-team members would explain to IT staff how
a defect or enhancement would affect actual operations to aid them in understanding priorities.
Ms. Bail testified that when she left her position as CIO in 2011, these defect-tracking team
meetings typically took place weekly. She said the IT department tracked decisions, kept
documentation, and “knew what was going on.” 29
During this period, the IT department dealt with many challenges, the biggest being the
replacement of the OBTS system with the new OMNI system. This transition included “the guts
of the sentencing process,” a module known as Sentencing Structure Time Accounting (SSTA).
Ms. Bail said the IT department was painstaking in its effort to make sure the system was
transferred without error. “We did reviews on a regular basis, we did reviews with the people who
knew the sentencing calculations and knew them well, to make sure what that was programmed in
OMNI was correct,” she said.30 The IT department had no way of knowing at that time that what
had been programmed into OBTS was incorrect, and that by transferring the functions into the new
system they were perpetuating the error.
These systems were extremely complex, and for at least a year after OMNI’s launch, an “ongoing”
string of defects required attention. According to Ms. Bail, updates and defects were placed every
week into a ClearQuest tracking system to be prioritized and evaluated. Employees would review
whether any of the old and new requests overlapped and worked to identify those needing
immediate attention. A key component of this process was communication. Ms. Bail recalled there
were comments and explanation whenever an update was rescheduled for later release and an
impact analysis for each requested fix that included a severity index.31

25

DWT Memorandum, Kit Bail, p.4.
DWT Memorandum, Denise Doty, pp.1-2.
27
DWT Memorandum, Kit Bail, p.2.
28
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016 p.3-5
29
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.4.
30
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.12.
31
DWT Memorandum, Kit Bail, p.3.
26

17

By the time Secretary Vail resigned in mid-2011, the IT department within DOC employed
experienced staff, utilized solid tracking and governance procedures, and exercised solid
communications with the business side of the department. In her testimony before the Senate Law
and Justice Committee five years later, Ms. Bail expressed confidence that had these systems been
in place when the King error was identified, the three-year delay in implementing the fix would
not have occurred.

C. Bernard Warner takes command
“I think Mr. Warner did several things to set the context in which this error could occur and go
undetected for some time.”— Former Secretary of Corrections Dan Pacholke, who succeeded
Mr. Warner as DOC chief in October 2015
When Eldon Vail resigned abruptly in July 2011, then-Gov. Gregoire named Bernard (“Bernie”)
Warner as the new secretary of corrections. Given the clear signs of his mismanagement, it is
unclear why Governor Inslee reappointed him in January 2013. Mr. Warner had served as director
of prisons for 10 months under then-Secretary Vail.
Ms. Bail described the tenure of Secretary Warner as a “very big culture change” for DOC.32 She
said he “added layer and layer and layer” between himself and the department staff.33 Mr.
Pacholke, who was director of prisons and then deputy secretary during Mr. Warner’s
administration before succeeding him as secretary of corrections, described Mr. Warner as “more
distant and aloof… not as easily accessible. And not quite as clear -- it was more difficult to
understand what he wanted.”34 Mr. Pacholke said Warner had difficulty making clear decisions
and he recalled discussions that never were clearly resolved. “He would go along with
conversations for great lengths of time… I would think that we drew a closure to it only to
understand that we had not.”35 He described Secretary Warner as a “tedious” decision maker.36
Denise Doty, former assistant secretary for administrative services, said Mr. Warner was “hard to
read” and “didn’t feel as open and transparent.”37 She added that “it was extremely difficult to get
decisions from Secretary Warner” even “on a routine level” and relayed how in meetings he might
“get distracted with his cell phone or just start working on his computer.”38 Similarly, Peter Jekel,

32

DWT Memorandum, Kit Bail, p.4.
DWT Memorandum, Kit Bail, p.4. Although Ms. Bail did not serve long under Secretary Warner, she testified
that she remained in contact with employees in the IT department after her departure. Her observations regarding
Secretary Warner’s management style are corroborated by many witnesses.
34
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.35
35
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.36
36
DWT Memorandum, Dan Pacholke, p.2
37
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.24.
38
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, pp.21-22
33

18

who served briefly as acting chief information officer in 2014, noted that “on almost every issue I
brought up, all I got was a polite listen, and followed a while later by directive…’this is what we
are going to do.’”39
Perhaps the person in the best position to provide an evaluation of the leadership capabilities of
the former secretary was his hand-picked chief of staff, Peter Dawson, who said his effectiveness
in that position was hampered by the way Mr. Warner operated as secretary. “As a leader, despite
all my efforts, [Warner] was non-transparent and sometimes a reluctant communicator,” he said.40
Mr. Dawson pushed his boss to communicate more directly to staff, through all staff memos, town
hall meetings, greater use of the internal website, and other opportunities. As one example of
Secretary Warner’s lack of transparency, Mr. Dawson noted that Mr. Warner refused to share his
daily schedule with his chief of staff or with Mr. Pacholke, citing safety concerns.41
“The secretary that no one heard from.”—DOC Business Unit Manager David Dunnington42
Mr. Warner’s disconnection from the day-to-day affairs of his agency was illustrated by his refusal
to attend daily meetings between his chief of staff and his deputy secretary, which were held to
coordinate agency efforts. Mr. Dawson, a Navy veteran, said there was little similarity to the close
ties he had seen between leaders and chiefs of staff in military. Secretary Warner “held his cards
very close – it sometimes wasn’t clear what he was behind and what he wasn’t.”43
Many in the upper echelon of DOC management recalled having little or no personal contact with
the secretary. DOC employee Leaora McDonald said she didn’t really have much to do with Bernie
Warner as corrections secretary.44 Similarly, Clela Steelhammer, the DOC legislative liaison
responsible for communicating agency goals to the Legislature, also noted that she was not in Mr.
Warner’s inner circle and did not have close interactions with him.45 Of particular significance is
the fact that Ms. Stigall, the records program administrator who initially recognized the problem
with the department’s interpretation of King, had no personal relationship with Secretary Warner.46
Although Ms. Stigall was among approximately 70 employees employed in departmental
leadership positions (meaning employees with hiring authority), Stigall did not consider herself to

39

Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.38.
DWT Memorandum, Peter Dawson, p.2.
41
DWT Memorandum, Peter Dawson, p.2.
42
DWT Memorandum, David Dunnington, p.5.
43
DWT Memorandum, Peter Dawson, p.2.
44
DWT Memorandum, Leaora McDonald, p.3.
45
DWT Memorandum, Clela Steelhammer, p.4.
46
Ms. Stigall’s comment is particularly interesting because she is blamed in the governor’s report for her “silence”
and failure in not doing more to raise the issue within the agency. Exhibit 15, p.41. Given the unavailability of the
secretary and the management dysfunction described in this report, it is unclear how Ms. Stigall could have done
more.
40

19

be in the “leadership circle.” Stigall reported to former Assistant Secretary Doty, and the general
practice was for information and decisions to be relayed through the Department’s chain of
command. 47
In addition to placing layers of personnel between himself and key managers, DOC employees had
little contact with Secretary Warner because he was often out of the office. According to
Department records, Secretary Warner was frequently on leave or traveling an average of one week
per month- sometimes more. In July 2012, for instance, he was in the office only five business
days.48
Warner’s detached management style was only one of the factors that he created and that led
directly to the conditions that delayed the King fix. He also decimated the structure of the audit
and IT departments, with detrimental effect to their morale. Ms. Bail told Senate investigators the
factors that delayed the King fix “belong at Bernie’s feet.”49 Mr. Pacholke testified that “Mr.
Warner did several things to set the context in which this error could occur and go undetected for
some time…whether it [is] the turnover in the IT department, whether it is the lack of governance,
whether it is the lack of internal focus on operating procedures.”50
The lack of communication among DOC managers during Warner’s tenure was exacerbated by
organizational problems, particularly in DOC’s Administrative Services Division, which was
ground zero for the sentencing-error scandal. Initially, the division included the records and IT
departments and the position of comptroller, all of which reported to Denise Doty, who reported
in turn to Mr. Warner.51 All of these administrative sections were in a position to recognize the
delay in implementing the King fix and sound the alarm. According to the Department’s
organizational charts, Secretary Warner changed the make-up of this division as of Sept. 26, 2014,
by moving the entire administrative services division under his chief of staff, Peter Dawson. He
also renamed the new section “Administrative Operations.”52
This change, which occurred in the middle of the period of time associated with the postponement
of the King fix, created an additional level of separation between the secretary and these key

47

DWT Memorandum Wendy Stigall, p.8.
Exhibit 21. This composite exhibit is comprised of a calendar of all travel and leave documents for Secretary
Warner provided by the Department, as well as other pertinent leave documents. It is noteworthy that despite using
700 hours of leave during his tenure, Secretary Warner still had enough leave left when he resigned to warrant a
cash-out payment of over $17,000.
49
DWT Memorandum, Kit Bail, p. 5.
50
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.50.
51
http://www.doc.wa.gov/aboutdoc/docs/orgchart-10-01-2013.pdf.
52
WA State Department of Corrections, Division Organizational Charts,
http://www.doc.wa.gov/aboutdoc/docs/orgchart-10-01-2013.pdf; http://www.doc.wa.gov/aboutdoc/docs/orgchart10-16-2014.pdf.
48

20

departments. Many witnesses confirmed that Secretary Warner’s decision to restructure various
departments within the agency in this manner served to foster resentment and a competitive
atmosphere among DOC staff that aggravated the delays.
An illustration of the organizational chaos within DOC is offered by Kathy Smith and Lydia
Hoffman, who worked in the auditing department during this period. Ms. Smith said that in her
final year at the agency, the audit division was three levels removed from Secretary Warner,
reporting to Adam Aaseby, who reported to Ms. Doty in administrative services. The reporting
structure meant there was no possibility that the auditing department would be included in
executive meetings. Both Ms. Smith and Ms. Hoffman felt that an audit division should report
directly to the DOC secretary for maximum effectiveness.53 Ms. Hoffman noted extreme turmoil
in the management of the audit division during Warner’s tenure. At one point, all of the supervisors
above her in the chain of command left DOC, including her direct supervisor, who was the audit
manager; and the two positions above that, forcing auditors to report to an acting assistant
secretary.54
Ms. Doty was among those who left for another state agency during Warner’s leadership. She said
she noticed a “tension” and lack of trust and respect within the executive staff and a competitive
environment that encouraged them to strike temporary alliances with one another. Ms. Doty said
she “didn’t feel the vision” under Secretary Warner that had existed under Mr. Vail.55 Mr.
Pacholke noted that the turmoil at the executive level left divisions to operate “a little bit more
autonomously,” without the coordination seen during the Vail years.56
Sandy Mullins, who joined DOC as a policy director just before Mr. Warner became secretary,
described his “pull-push” style, in which he would encourage one group to complete a project,
only to then move the project to another group to implement or move work units back and forth
between different divisions. She said this created conflict within the senior leadership team.57
Mr. Pacholke was a witness to the exodus that resulted from Secretary Warner’s restructuring,
management practices and priorities. Mr. Pacholke spoke with several long-time employees about
their frustrations as they left the Department. “People were relatively dismayed,” he said. “They
were more and more disconnected and felt less and less empowered to do the job they had.”58
Heavy turnover in administrative services reflected the “dysfunction” in that division, Mr.

53

DWT Memorandum, Kathy Smith and Lydia Hoffman, p.4.
DWT Memorandum, Kathy Smith and Lydia Hoffman, p.6.
55
DWT Memorandum, Denise Doty, p.2.
56
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.36.
57
DWT Memorandum, Sandy Mullins, p.3.
58
DWT Memorandum, Dan Pacholke, p.3.
54

21

Pacholke said.59 These included Denise Doty, Brian Tinney, who became interim assistant
secretary after Ms. Doty left the Department, and Doug Hoffer, Peter Jekel and Jibu Jacob, all of
whom took a turn as CIO.
Mr. Pacholke didn’t pull any punches. He told the Senate committee that he regarded the
departures of critical personnel as an indication of dissatisfaction with Secretary Warner.60
However, when he expressed those concerns, Mr. Pacholke recalled that Secretary Warner’s
reaction was “a little bit distant,” as if he “really didn’t have the time for the discussion” – an
attitude that exhibited a “lack of awareness at just the totality” of the extensive departures of IT
staff.”61 Secretary Warner would “remind me that it was somebody else’s operating area,” dismiss
the conversation and move on, Mr. Pacholke said.

D. Secretary Warner’s misplaced priority: Advance Corrections/STRONG-R
“I think it was a contributing cause, yes.” - Kit Bail, retired DOC Chief Information Officer
2006-2011
“[Advance Corrections]…blocked out the sun” - Ira Feuer, DOC Chief Information Officer
2015-16
STRONG-R, the Department’s main computer priority during the Warner years, is an ambitious
effort to create a new type of risk-assessment tool, to better predict recidivism and manage the
programs in which an offender should be enrolled. STRONG-R, short for Static Risk Offender
Need Guide-Revised is the risk-assessment component of a broader program known as Advance
Corrections.62 Mr. Warner described the program as a “more comprehensive strategy of assessing
somebody, understanding what the right program would be, and delivering that program to
them.”63 The objective of Advance Corrections is to utilize “dynamic assessments” that change
as an offender’s behavior characteristics change, as opposed to static assessments that do not
change.64
The Advance Corrections initiative predated Warner, starting with a 10-year study by Washington
State University researchers that analyzed data from 44,000 offenders who agreed to take risk
assessments.65 Prior to Warner’s administration it was one of several major initiatives for DOC,

59

DWT Memorandum, Dan Pacholke, p.2.
DWT Memorandum, Dan Pacholke, p.5.
61
DWT Memorandum, Dan Pacholke, p.5.
62
“STRONG-R” and “Advanced Corrections” (as opposed to “Advance Corrections”) are frequently used
interchangeably by witnesses. In this report, whenever possible, the phrase “Advance Corrections” is used.
63
DWT Memorandum, Bernard Warner, p.3.
64
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.11.
65
DWT Memorandum, Bernard Warner p.3
60

22

but under Mr. Warner Advance Corrections became the Department’s highest priority, to the point
that important departmental responsibilities suffered,
The project’s objectives were not controversial among staff, but the manner in which it was
pursued disturbed many. Ms. Doty told the Senate committee, “It’s not that I disagree with the
policy and the project…It was more in how we were executing it.”66 Mr. Pacholke called the effort
to design an integrated case-management tool “good work to do,” but noted the reality: “it is not
work that we have done successfully historically.”67 More troubling to Ms. Bail was that the
department chose to carry it out using a contractor with a record of failure.68
“He’s a crook and Bernie brought him back.” - Kit Bail, former chief information officer,
DOC
One of Secretary Warner’s first hires was a former colleague, Amy Seidlitz, with whom he had
worked in Arizona. Mr. Pacholke described her as “brilliant in understanding risk assessment
tools” but “exceptionally unskilled” in implementing those tools.69 Mr. Pacholke also stated she
was difficult to work with and said she “created trouble almost everywhere she went.”70 Ms. Bail
recalled that Ms. Seidlitz was “very vocal” in arguing that DOC had to hire contractors for the
STRONG-R project because the IT department was unable to do the job, an assertion Ms. Bail
said was “absolutely untrue” and which created a “real big morale hit.”71 In her dismissal of the
IT department’s abilities, Ms. Seidlitz reflected the view of Mr. Warner – a fact which came to be
well-understood among staff in the IT department.72
Several tried convincing Warner that the IT department could and should handle the work. Doug
Hoffer, Ms. Bail’s immediate successor as CIO, told Mr. Warner that DOC was capable of building
the STRONG-R processes into its OMNI system, and warned that creating a separate application
would require new interfaces that frequently lead to problems. Mr. Hoffer said, “I felt I wasn’t
being listened to.”73 Ms. Doty said she offered the same advice to Mr. Warner on several occasions,
“but that wasn’t an option for Bernie.”74

66

Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.27.
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016 p.39.
68
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016 p.10.
69
DWT Memorandum, Dan Pacholke, p.4.
70
DWT Memorandum, Dan Pacholke, p.4.
71
DWT Memorandum, Kit Bail, p.3.
72
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript Feb. 29, 2016, p.40.
73
DWT Memorandum, Doug Hoffer, p.2.
74
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016 p.23
67

23

The vendor Secretary Warner insisted on hiring for the STRONG-R project was
Assessments.com,75 a firm whose previous work had failed to impress anyone in the IT
department. Initially Assessments.com was hired to build a community corrections casemanagement system that would interface with the OMNI system, then under development.
Problems with the company were extensive. Bail recalled, “[T]hey were consistently over-budget,
[they] under delivered, and what they did deliver was of pretty poor quality.”76 Ms. Bail described
a software-maintenance contract with Assessments.com as being “fairly useless” because the firm
was unresponsive to DOC complaints – indeed, it was often hard to reach anyone on the phone.77
Mr. Hoffer described the company as “not the greatest vendor to work with” and observed that
when it fixed defects “they weren’t always fixed right.”78 When maintenance work was needed,
he said “they were nowhere to be found.”79
Mr. Hoffer, who became CIO five months before Bernie Warner was appointed secretary of
corrections, said concerns about the Assessments.com work product and the firm’s inability to
support its own software were well known throughout the IT department and were communicated
to Secretary Warner.80 DOC Business Unit Manager David Dunnington testified that DOC
continues to have problems with code written by the firm.
The behavior of the firm’s CEO also was a concern. Ms. Bail was characteristically blunt in her
appraisal: “He’s a crook – and Bernie brought him back.” Sean Hosman’s troubled personal life
was no secret to DOC’s IT staff. According to an Associated Press account, he was arrested at
least nine times between 2010 and 2012, four of them for DUI. In 2012, he was charged with
felony cocaine possession, but it was reduced to a misdemeanor and ultimately dismissed. After
one DUI arrest that year, four troopers had to hold him down to take a blood sample to determine
his blood-alcohol level. 81
Mr. Hosman told reporters in 2015 he has been clean and sober since that arrest. His personal
problems were well-enough-known within DOC that Secretary Warner convened a meeting of
the agency’s IT staff in which Mr. Hosman described his substance abuse problems and the ways
in which he was dealing with them. Recalled Mr. Dunnington, “I think they were trying to get it

75

DWT Memorandum, Peter Dawson, p.4.
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.11.
77
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.11.
78
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.32.
79
DWT Memorandum, Doug Hoffer, p.2.
80
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016 pp.32-33.
76

81

Ronnie Greene and Eileen Sullivan, “Sean Hosman, CEO of Company Trying to Predict Repeat Criminals is a
Repeat Criminal,” Associated Press, Feb. 24, 2016, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/25/sean-hosman-ceocriminal_n_6752622.html.

24

out on the table before a lot of rumor [started].” 82 Many IT staffers thought Secretary Warner’s
continued support for Mr. Hosman was due to a personal friendship. But Secretary Warner told
Senate investigators he backed Mr. Hosman simply because he was an “incredibly smart,
talented guy,” and insisted there were boundaries in place when it came to their relationship. 83
Ms. Bail said her objections to Assessments.com had less to do with Hosman’s behavior than the
work product of his firm. “They would promise to deliver [but] they would deliver components
or pieces that were incomplete. When you called them on that, then they would say, well we are
not going to be able to do that unless—we gave you kind of a lowball bid and we are going to
need more money.” Ms. Bail continued, “They didn’t deliver, they didn’t deliver on time, they
didn’t deliver a complete product, and it was a repeating cycle. It was a difficult organization to
work with.”84
The nature of DOC’s contract with Assessments.com also raised concerns within the agency,
because the agency initially proposed awarding it without a competitive bidding process.
Washington law allows agencies to bypass bidding processes and award a sole-source contract if
a particular contractor is clearly the only practicable source of a good or service.85 Mr. Warner told
Senate investigators he believed the contract was awarded properly and that he did not apply undue
influence. He stated that he did not define the scope of work, negotiate, or provide the authorizing
signature for the STRONG-R contract. He also stated that there was “clear direction on my part
that any work [with Assessments.com] would be within appropriate procurement standards.”86 He
also stated that he made it “very clear” to Mr. Hosman that DOC would terminate its contract with
Assessments.com if performance issues arose.87
Other observers felt the rules were being stretched for a firm of questionable repute. Ms. Bail said
she believed DOC engaged Assessments.com outside of competitive procurement rules.88 Former
assistant secretary Doty said she felt like “we were just on the right side of the ethical line” in
awarding the contract. 89 Jekel said the firm’s poor track record – its history of repeated quality
issues, software fixes that didn’t work, and inability to maintain its own software – raised serious
82

Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, pp.29-30.
DWT memorandum, Bernie Warner, p.4.
84
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.18. Bail’s description of
Assessments.com’s performance in Washington mirrors an Associated Press account of the firm’s performance on a
Florida contract in 2005. The contract originally cost $750,000, but the contract was amended eight times, adding
costs for training, curriculum development, license fees and maintenance. Cost climbed to $2.1 million. Four
subsequent contracts bumped the overall price tag to $3 million. Ronnie Greene and Eileen Sullivan, “Sean Hosman,
CEO of Company Trying to Predict Repeat Criminals is a Repeat Criminal,” Associated Press, Feb. 24, 2016.
85
RCW 39.26.010.
86
DWT Memorandum, Bernard Warner, p.4.
87
DWT Memorandum, Bernard Warner, p.4.
88
DWT Memorandum, Kit Bail, p.3.
89
DWT Memorandum Denise Doty, p.3.
83

25

questions about the propriety of a sole-source contact. It “didn’t smell right,” he said, adding, “If
you were in a fish market, you wouldn’t buy that fish.”90 Jekel argued internally that the contract
did not qualify for award on a sole-source basis, but was told that Secretary Warner wanted it
awarded as a sole-source contract to Assessments.com.91
Initial attempts to award a sole-source contract created problems for DOC. A competing firm
submitted a bid for the project, thus challenging the sole-source award, and the Department of
Enterprise Services held up the contract. According to Brian Tinney, who took over as interim
assistant secretary after Denise Doty left in 2014, Warner didn’t want to wait the six to nine months
it would take to award the contract through a competitive bidding process, so DOC tried to
convince Washington State University to contract directly with Assessments.com. Negotiations
bogged down over licensing arrangements. “That was more time being wasted,” Tinney said.92
Ultimately DOC amended the existing maintenance agreement with Assessments.com to include
work on STRONG-R, essentially awarding it a sole-source contract without going through solesource contracting procedures. The rationale was that because Assessments.com held the licensing
rights to the software for the project, the Department had to use that vendor despite past
performance issues and concerns.93
By December 2012, when DOC learned that its computers were improperly calculating inmate
release dates, Mr. Warner had thoroughly shifted the focus and priorities of the IT department to
STRONG-R. Throughout DOC, STRONG-R was understood to be Mr. Warner’s top priority. Mr.
Dunnington recalled meetings of up to 40 staffers that aimed to chart a plan and define the project.
These meetings included every departmental category of DOC – community corrections, prisons,
mental health, budget – it touched everything.”94
Doug Hoffer noticed the change in emphasis, and it was one of the biggest reasons he decided to
leave DOC in February 2014 after a little more than three years as CIO. His final 18 months were
almost entirely focused on STRONG-R, he said, and he was increasingly convinced it “was not
going to be successful.” 95 Mr. Hoffer related a key insight to Senate investigators: it is easier for
people to get excited about new things than it is for them to focus on existing needs.96 The
inordinate attention devoted to the project by the executive staff and the IT department likely had

90

DWT Memorandum, Peter Jekel, p.2.
DWT Memorandum, Peter Jekel, p.2. Warner was identified by his former chief of staff as making the decision to
pursue a sole-source contract with Assessments.com. DWT Memorandum, Peter Dawson, p. 4.
92
DWT Memorandum, Brian Tinney, p.2.
93
This information was relayed at a legislative staff briefing on the STRONG R project that occurred May 4, 2016.
94
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, p.29.
95
DWT Memorandum, Doug Hoffer, p.1. Doug Hoffer’s final 18 months would have been Aug. 1, 2012 to Feb. 28,
2014.
96
DWT Memorandum, Doug Hoffer, p.3.
91

26

a direct effect on the King fix, by diverting resources from tasks perceived as more mundane. Mark
Ardiel, an employee of DOC vendor Sierra-Cedar and the man ultimately responsible for coding
the fix, recalled that he began work in 2013 and continued again in 2014, but was stopped both
times because he had questions for DOC business analysts that went unanswered.97 It was Mr.
Ardiel’s impression that the new project consumed agency time and resources that otherwise
would have gone to software maintenance and defect correction.98
In his statement to Senate investigators, former Secretary Warner said he was “pretty focused” on
having a process for prioritizing projects “that would not compromise the routine work of the
agency.”99 Yet he was unclear about how exactly he expected the IT department to accomplish
this, and he was unable to describe the procedures it used to set priorities. Although Warner chief
of staff Dawson provided some direction on project prioritization, that direction involved mainly
the big projects – STRONG-R in particular – and not the routine work involved in software
maintenance and correction. On those issues Mr. Tinney said IT “was pretty much left to decide
what was important to themselves.” This lack of direction from executive managers became a
critical factor in the decisions that delayed the King fix, as mid-level managers attempted to carry
out what they believed were upper-management priorities.
Chaos in the IT department reached its nadir during the middle of 2014 and into 2015, as the King
fix was repeatedly delayed. Those working at DOC recall this as a dark and difficult period. This
coincided with the most significant push by Secretary Warner to move the Advance Corrections
initiative forward, the continued delay of the King fix, and a rapid progression of IT directors who
came and went within months.
Demoralized IT staffers began voting with their feet. Ms. Bail described what she called a “brain
drain” as the hiring of the incompetent Assessments.com for the STRONG-R project left many
feeling “very strongly that there wasn’t much point in staying.”100 By 2014 there were 26 vacancies
in the IT department, as employees departed for other agencies with more resources and better
working conditions.101 Mr. Jekel described Warner’s disregard for the IT department as
“indifferent neglect – benign neglect is too nice.”102
The heavy turnover in the IT department created major problems in continuity, management, and
communication. Mr. Tinney said the IT department was particularly vulnerable to staff turnover
because short staffing caused documentation to suffer. Mr. Tinney explained that when somebody

97

DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.9.
DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.6.
99
DWT Memorandum, Bernie Warner, p.7.
100
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.5.
101
DWT Memorandum, Kathy Smith and Lydia Hoffman, p.6.
102
DWT Memorandum, Peter Jekel, p.3.
98

27

learns a process by experience, but then leaves DOC without documenting how the process is done,
“the next person has no knowledge.” Yet he said the IT department could not be expected to fully
document processes when it had to struggle just to complete its tasks.103
A story related by IT employee Jay Ahn is particularly telling. Mr. Ahn worked within the IT
department during the period of the King fix delays. Mr. Ahn was concerned about the diversion
of resources from maintenance to Advance Corrections/STRONG-R, which he said resulted in
only minimal and critical maintenance work being completed.104 The directions were
communicated to Mr. Ahn through layers of management, and Mr. Ahn was not confident that
Secretary Warner was aware of the impact of this shift. Mr. Ahn wrote an email expressing his
concerns. The goals of the Advance Corrections initiative were important, he said, but DOC should
fund it with new resources rather than diverting it from routine IT maintenance. He observed that
IT maintenance is important because issues that are ignored for a time can “explode” later on, as
occurred in this case.105
Mr. Ahn told Senate investigators that many on DOC’s executive team were aware of the
redirection of maintenance resources because he outlined for them the way in which maintenance
resources could be deployed for new projects, such as the Violator Improvement Process and
Advance Corrections/STRONG-R. He received approvals to redirect the maintenance resources
during an IT governance meeting attended by Mr. Tinney, Mr. Dawson, the chief of staff and Mr.
Pacholke, then deputy secretary of corrections. Even absent an explicit instruction to hold off
maintenance work, there were clear instructions that Advance Corrections/STRONG-R was a
higher priority. Mr. Ahn stated that IT generally had no voice or representation in the agency’s
executive decision-making and he said he believes one reason for IT turnover was that the business
units often overruled various CIOs’ preferences. Mr. Ahn said he viewed delay of the King fix as
a management issue, because management did not support the experts who had full knowledge of
the business rules and their priorities and who could make the correct calls.106
Many other DOC employees agree with the view that the IT department was in freefall during this
period. DOC employee David Gale noted that when a CIO left, that departure was compounded
because the departing CIO often took some of DOC’s IT people with them. 107 Similarly, DOC
employee Leaora McDonald said she wasn’t surprised the early-release problem occurred. She
was close to several people in the IT business unit and said “I would hear the frustration
sometimes,” as they described the frequent postponements to system fixes.108 The IT department

103

DWT Memorandum, Brian Tinney, p.5.
DWT Memorandum, Jay Ahn, p.2.
105
DWT Memorandum, Jay Ahn, p.3.
106
DWT Memorandum, Jay Ahn, p.3.
107
DWT Memorandum, David Gale, p.3.
108
DWT Memorandum, Leaora McDonald, p.2.
104

28

had experienced heavy turnover in programmers and developers, and Ms. McDonald said she was
glad she left when she did. She said morale was “just bad.”109
Sue Schuler, an IT business analyst who was to become a key figure in the effort to implement the
King fix, recalled the constant turnover of CIOs, the way the IT department’s budget had been cut
“to the bone,” and the way staff turnover had increased stress levels while draining continuity and
institutional memory. She particularly noted the loss of three technical analysts who were not
replaced, one of whom specialized in sentencing-calculation fixes.110
Mr. Pacholke observed that the IT department suffered “lots of turnover and lots of angst,” and
suggested the mass exodus from the administrative services division and the IT department was
caused by the constant changes in CIOs as well as the pressure to develop Advance
Corrections/STRONG-R. He noted high resentment created by the attempt to bring in
Assessments.com. Although Mr. Pacholke described the delay to the King fix as a “system error,”
he said “that doesn’t mean people shouldn’t be held accountable” at the senior management
level.111

E. The evaporation of DOC’s IT governance structure and a “breakdown of a
systemic proportion”
One of the casualties of DOC’s overemphasis on Advance Corrections/STRONG-R was the
governance process that determined the IT department’s priorities. The breakdown of this
governance process contributed to the postponement of the King fix as resources were diverted
from software maintenance and defect correction. The Project Review board process “became
completely about this policy initiative.”112 She told the Senate Law and Justice Committee, “I
would estimate that we were actually meeting more often than we were when we were just looking
at the totality of the projects. But the subject matter was all Advance Corrections.”113
Former CIO Hoffer offered a similar description of the evolution of the Project Review Board
under Mr. Warner, testifying that it was “a group at the top of the organization… intended to
prioritize, understand the status of existing bigger projects and then prioritize those bigger
projects.” Over time it became entirely focused on Secretary Warner’s priority. “At some point, I
don’t think we referred to it as the Project Review Board anymore,” Mr. Hoffer said – it was all
STRONG-R.114

109

DWT Memorandum, Leaora McDonald, p.3.
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.4.
111
DWT Memorandum, Dan Pacholke, p.7.
112
DWT Memorandum, Denise Doty, p.3.
113
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p. 22.
114
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p. 31.
110

29

Retired CIO Kit Bail observed that “governance processes in general pretty much evaporated.”115
Based on her experience and knowledge of the department and people involved, Ms. Bail told the
Senate Law and Justice Committee that hiring Assessments.com for the Advance
Corrections/STRONG-R project “created an atmosphere that reduced the effectiveness of any
governance that remained. And that governance would have been focused on making sure our
work was done as it should have been.”116 Ms. Bail remarked that this reflected a major change
in approach – during her time as CIO, requested updates were “not set by whoever was the
strongest” and that a sentencing change resulting from legislative or court action would always
have gone “to the top of the heap.”117
Ms. Bail said she believed there was “a great deal of pressure from the secretary to focus IT’s
attention almost exclusively on STRONG-R,” and like others, she believed the pressure to focus
on Mr. Warner’s priority was a contributing cause to the King fix delay.118 During Mr. Jekel’s brief
tenure as CIO, he noted that if someone with sufficient political capital had a pet project or was in
a position to say “this is what Bernie wants,” it was likely that project would obtain priority. “When
push came to shove, what Bernie wanted, Bernie got,” he said.119
When taking over for Mr. Hoffer as CIO in March 2014, Mr. Jekel saw staff “generally fatigued
and under pressure because of new work that had come down from Secretary Warner” for Advance
Corrections/STRONG-R. 120 He said Mr. Hoffer had “burned his candle to the end” yet left IT
with its governance structure intact.121 As for why the King fix was not accomplished quickly,
Mr. Jekel speculated that pressure from above – the sort of pressure that often is not documented
– forced employees to do certain tasks instead of necessary maintenance items.122 Mr. Jekel
further explained that even a most basic “first-in-first out,” prioritization process could not explain
why it took three years to fix the King error.123
By the third year of the King-fix delay, the cumulative effect of the dysfunction had left the IT
department in a shambles. When Ira Feuer interviewed for the CIO position, he was told by
Secretary Warner that he would be taking over a “well-run, well established, IT organization.” But
upon taking the position he found quite the opposite. As he met with IT staff he learned they “just
didn’t have good processes in place, good governance in place, good prioritization in place – just

115

Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p. 6.
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p. 10.
117
DWT Memorandum, Kit Bail, p.3.
118
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, pp. 6-7.
119
DWT Memorandum, Peter Jekel, p.3.
120
DWT Memorandum, Peter Jekel, p.1.
121
DWT Memorandum, Peter Jekel, p.2.
122
DWT Memorandum, Peter Jekel, p.2.
123
DWT Memorandum, Peter Jekel, p.3.
116

30

normal things that help the IT organization run more efficiently,” he said. “It was a bit helterskelter in there.”124 Staff relayed to Mr. Feuer that “the last time…that they felt that the
organization was stable… was when Kit Bail was there.”125 He concluded IT had “very weak
governance” and had suffered a “breakdown of communications across the board.”126
Mr. Feuer was especially disturbed to learn that Warner’s reorganizations had moved the Project
Management Office and the Business Services Office out of IT, and that they reported to the
assistant secretary. “They did not communicate at all,” he said. “And it is critical for the project
managers to talk to the IT staff and vice versa. And it is critical for the BA [Business analysis]
units to talk to the development team as well. …Communications ceased—there was just no
communication between the two groups.”127
One effect of this breakdown was that the IT department no longer had the ability to properly
establish priorities. Mr. Feuer explained that the business analysis unit performs a vital
communications function, bridging the gap between users and the IT department. The business
analysts translate the business requirements “into the technical requirements and it turns into the
coding. So if the business requirement people are not talking to the development team that is just
a breakdown of a systemic proportion.”128
It was evident to Mr. Feuer that Advance Corrections/STRONG-R had become a project that
“blocked out the sun.” He explained the observation this way: “When large projects come into a
development team, sometimes they are so massive and they are not resourced correctly, that they
take over everything. And so there [are] very little resources left to do maintenance and
enhancements. And that was what was kind of happening here.” 129 He viewed the three-yeardelay in completing the King fix as “a systemic problem dealing with poor communication, poor
governance, poor prioritization…lots of problems. It didn’t seem to be just one individual or
something like that. It was just a systemic problem. It was the whole system.”130 Mr. Pacholke
testified that he had no reason to doubt Mr. Feuer’s observation. 131 After succeeding Bernie
Warner as corrections secretary in October 2015, restoring software enhancements and defect
correction to the agency’s top priority, while continuing work on Advance Corrections/STRONGR where it could fit in with available resources.132 As Mr. Pacholke testified, “the system protocols

124

Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.2.
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.17.
126
DWT Memorandum, Ira Feuer, p.2.
127
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.3.
128
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.3.
129
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.4.
130
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.5.
131
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.38.
132
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.17.
125

31

broke down around IT governance, around historic acuity, around AG opinions, IT governance
and these serious public-safety breaches overall.”133
The environment within DOC when the agency learned it was calculating sentences improperly
was one of systemic dysfunction, systemic breakdown, broken communications and misplaced
priorities that festered and grew during the three-year era of the King fix delays. Despite Mr.
Warner’s assertion that he was “pretty focused” on having a process for prioritizing projects that
would not compromise the routine work of the agency, he acknowledged IT was not a department
“that I frankly dove into that much.”134 In remarks to Senate investigators, he dismissed problems
created by IT turnover, saying there is “always a lot of mobility in that field.” 135 Despite his
assertion that he made it “very clear” to Mr. Hosman that DOC would terminate its contract with
Assessments.com if performance concerns arose, the quality of its work continues to be a sore
point for IT officials. Secretary Warner was oblivious to the problems he had created.
When Mr. Warner stepped down in October 2015, exactly two months before Gov. Inslee was
notified about the early-release scandal, the agency was in a condition that former CIO Kit Bail
called an “effing mess” and remarked that Mr. Pacholke, the new corrections secretary, “had lots
of repair work to do.”136
The wholesale dysfunction at the upper and middle management levels of DOC was clearly wellknown and well-understood within the DOC long before Warner resigned in 2015. How Mr.
Warner’s gross mismanagement apparently was not brought to the attention of the governor
remains unanswered, and must be better understood if such dysfunction in a critical agency is to
be more promptly detected and corrected by the governor in the future. In hindsight, Gov. Inslee
paid what turned out to be a particularly unmerited compliment when he stated in September 2015,
“In many ways he [Warner] has made Washington a model for how to run a corrections department
and always put the safety of staff and the public first in his mind.”137
It is unknown whether Gov. Inslee was aware of the unique and inadequate manner in which Mr.
Warner was reporting to the governor’s office. Mr. Warner confirmed he had a close personal
relationship with a member of the governor’s staff that was “formally managed” by having Warner
report to the governor's deputy chief of staff.138 It is possible and even probable, given this
arrangement, that Gov. Inslee was unaware of the extent of the problems within DOC, but the

133

Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.48.
DWT Memorandum, Bernie Warner, p.5.
135
DWT Memorandum, Bernie Warner, p.5.
136
DWT Memorandum, Kit Bail, p.2.
137
DOC News Release, “Corrections Secretary Bernie Warner to Leave State Service,” Sept. 22, 2015.
138
DWT Memorandum Bernie Warner, p. 8.
134

32

tolerance for this arrangement raises serious concerns, because Warner’s mismanagement was
never addressed – a contributing factor in the largest public-safety scandal in Washington history.

F. DOC response to the King error
“What about the rest of the people?”—King County resident Matthew John Mirante, father
of a teenage stabbing victim, speaking to DOC after learning the agency would recalculate
the sentence of his son’s assailant
In November 2011, Matthew Mirante Jr., a 17-year-old high-school junior, was brutally injured.
He was stabbed in the abdomen as well as his back, head, nose, lip and brow. He was rushed to
Harborview Medical Center in Seattle, the state’s leading trauma center, for emergency surgery.
In addition to the physical and emotional scars from the attack, the Mirante family has faced
financial struggles due to the tens of thousands of dollars in medical bills and unpaid restitution
from his assailant, 19-year-old Curtis Robinson. Mr. Robinson was sentenced to a stunningly short
6 months for this serious assault with a sentence enhancement of one year added for the use of a
deadly weapon.139
Given the near-death of his son, Matthew Mirante followed the sentencing of his son’s assailant
closely. “I followed from the day he was sentenced in King County, the day he left there to the day
they sent him away to all those places. I followed him every day…. all the way until he went to
the minimum security place… Cedar Creek.”140 So when DOC notified Mr. Mirante by letter in
December 2012 that his son’s assailant would be released on Feb. 5, 2013, he had a suspicion the
agency had gotten it wrong. Mr. Mirante spent about five minutes calculating Mr. Robinson’s
sentence with pen and paper and determined the release date was off by 45 days. Robinson was
supposed to be released March 22.141
Mr. Mirante called DOC’s victim services department and asked that it double check Mr.
Robinson’s release date because, as he recalled saying later, “he is not supposed to get out at the
time you say.”142 The next day he received a phone call informing him that the sentence would be
checked again. Mr. Mirante said he replied, “Well, what about the rest of the people?” but was told
the primary concern was his specific situation.143
Steve Eckstrom, manager of the DOC victim services program, contacted Wendy Stigall, records
program administrator, about the Mirante family’s concern. Initially Ms. Stigall assumed the

Linda Byron, “Victim’s family: Justice System let us down,” KING-TV, Feb. 23, 2016,
http://legacy.king5.com/story/news/local/2016/02/23/victims-family-justice-system-let-us-down/80784932/ .
140
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.3.
141
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.2 and p.4.
142
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.2.
143
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.2.
139

33

OMNI system was correct and Mr. Mirante didn’t understand the complexities in the system. Mr.
Eckstrom then sent an email to Assistant Attorney General (AAG) Ronda Larson, who had long
been assigned to DOC issues; she determined that the King ruling was not being properly applied
and informed Ms. Stigall of this via email.144 Ms. Stigall and AAG Larson spoke about the issue,
and Larson memorialized the conversation in an email at 2:29 p.m. on Dec. 7, 2012.145
Ms. Larson’s email advised that DOC proceed with the “long process of reprogramming OMNI”
and to do a “hand-calculations fix of Robinson’s sentence now” due to “the likelihood that DOC
will be sued and lose in a tort lawsuit” should Mr. Robinson be released early and “immediately
go and kill the victim, for example.”146
Ms. Larson chose not to apply the same logic to other offenders in the remainder of her advice,
because “this is something that the DOC has identified internally, rather than something that is
being forced upon it by an outside entity.” She reasoned that if DOC other inmates continued to
be released early while the agency worked on a software fix, the problem was “not so urgent as to
require the large input of personnel resources to do hand-calculations of hundreds of sentences.”147
In her February 2016 testimony to the Senate Law and Justice Committee, after learning the King
fix had been delayed three years and the early release of felons had continued, Ms. Larson said
she believed the overall impacted inmate population to be relatively small, involving inmates with
short base sentences and sentence enhancements. She said the “hundreds” of inmates she
referenced in her email referred to those released since 2002, not to those that might be released
before OMNI was fixed.148 She said she now regrets telling DOC that it would be acceptable to
wait for the computer fix and that she was not “cognizant of the extent of the problem.” 149
Ms. Larson sent a copy of her email to managing AAG Paul Weisser as well as to an email list for
all AAGs working with DOC. Mr. Weisser either did not read the email or failed to think about it
critically.150 No one from the AG’s office countermanded or offered contrary advice and no one
from senior DOC management vetted or weighed in against it.
Ms. Larson’s December 2012 email made clear that she thought the King fix to OMNI would take
“a few more months”151 and testified that based on her experience with the IT staff at the AG’s
office, she thought the fix would take “two months or less.”152 At DOC, Ms. Stigall expected the

144

DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.4.
Exhibit 4, p.1.
146
Exhibit 4, pp. 2-3.
147
Exhibit 4, p.4.
148
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.10.
149
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.12.
150
DWT Memorandum, Paul Weisser, p.2.
151
Exhibit 4, p.4.
152
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.10.
145

34

fix to take three to six months from the time she submitted her initial request to IT.153 Ms. Larson
told Senate investigators that due to the volume of incoming questions she faced, it was “absolutely
impossible” for her to monitor whether DOC followed through on her advice on any particular
matter.154 AAG Larson said it was her experience with the AG’s IT department that when staff
says something will be done, it gets completed, not tossed aside or delayed.155 She viewed the
failure of DOC to follow through on her advice to fix OMNI a highly unusual situation.156
Although the AG’s office provides DOC with legal advice, it is up to DOC to determine the correct
course to take. Mr. Pacholke observed that lower-level DOC managers often regard AG advice as
“more than just AG advice” but rather as instructions that must be followed, whereas senior
managers should have a better understanding that such advice needs to be considered alongside
DOC’s policies and practices, and with a general understanding of corrections. Mr. Pacholke said
he believed the failure to critically review Ms. Larson’s advice reflected a “lack of discipline to
make sure those [opinions] were vetted or staffed at a more senior level.”157 Even at the executive
level there was a failure to think critically about the advice. Former Assistant Secretary Doty told
the Senate Law and Justice Committee that Ms. Larson’s advice had a profound effect on the
agency’s reaction. “The normal practice for us was to hand-calculate sentences and get the IT fix
in. We wouldn’t have even contemplated not hand-calculating without that advice.”158 She added
that “we certainly would not have taken that approach had we not believed that the fix would be
taken care of in a timely manner,”159 meaning that only the expected timely fix of the King problem
made the AG advice palatable to DOC.
During this period, there are two major points of disparity in the accounts of those interviewed by
Senate investigators that warrant further discussion. Daniel Judge, a 30-year employee of the AG’s
office, recalls a conversation with DOC’s risk management director, Kathy Gastreich, around 1
p.m. on Friday, December 7, 2012. According to Mr. Judge’s statement, Ms. Gastreich called to
say she was “weighing verbal advice” from AAG Larson regarding a long-standing problem with
the early release of prison inmates. The advice was that DOC could allow the early releases to
continue until their computer software was fixed. Mr. Judge told Senate investigators, “I remember
the issue of a computer glitch, I remember the word ‘decade,’ and that it would be another month
or two [to fix] because it had gone on for a decade.” 160

153

DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.5.
DWT Memorandum, Ronda Larson, p.4.
155
DWT Memorandum, Ronda Larson, p.3.
156
DWT Memorandum Ronda Larson, p.4.
157
DWT Memorandum Dan Pacholke, p.6
158
Senate Law and Justice hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.24.
159
Senate Law and Justice hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.24.
160
DWT Memorandum Dan Judge, p.2.
154

35

While Ms. Gastreich didn’t offer many details nor did she mention OMNI or the King decision,
Mr. Judge said, she asked what the risks might be for DOC. Mr. Judge said the risks were clear
and DOC needed to fix the problem, because if any offender committed a new crime after being
released, “the department is essentially on the hook. I said it that way. Kathy had handled enough
negligent supervision cases. I wasn’t telling her anything she didn’t know.” 161
Daniel Judge didn’t have direct responsibility for advice in the matter, as it was Ronda Larson’s
responsibility, and he was not her supervisor. But he said it was “a strange conversation” in that
Ms. Gastreich should have been aware of the risks, having dealt with so many negligentsupervision cases in the past. It bothered him sufficiently that he left a voicemail for the attorney
whose duties included oversight for AAG Larson’s division – Tim Lang, who got back to him
around 4 p.m. on Dec. 7, 2012. 162
At that point, they had another matter to discuss. Mr. Judge asked Mr. Lang for copies of briefs in
another case, then mentioned he had learned Larson was preparing written advice on an issue
involving the early release of prisoners. He didn’t know all the “ins and outs of it,” but suggested
Mr. Lang ought to “consult with Larson” about it. Mr. Lang told him to send an email and later
sent the unrelated legal briefs by email; Mr. Judge said he dashed off a reply of about two
sentences, reminding Mr. Lang to look into the matter. Not until the news of the early felon releases
was made public did Mr. Judge think back to his conversations of that day three years earlier; he
also had not seen a copy of AAG Larson’s Dec. 7, 2012 email until that point.163
Neither Ms. Gastreich nor Mr. Lang recall conversations with Mr. Judge on Dec. 7, 2012.164 Email
records are inconclusive, but lend support to Mr. Judge’s account. The email system in the AG’s
office retains emails from Mr. Lang to Mr. Judge, containing legal briefs, sent at 4:30 and 4:34
p.m. on Dec. 7, 2012. The system also shows that Mr. Judge replied to Mr. Lang at 4:49 p.m., but
that email has been deleted from the system.165
Both the governor’s report and the AG’s report go to great lengths in an attempt to discredit Mr.
Judge’s recollection. They say it couldn’t have happened, because Ms. Gastreich didn’t receive a
copy of AAG Larson’s memo until the morning of Tuesday, Dec. 11, 2012. 166But they miss a key
detail, because at the time of the call, Mr. Judge recalled Ms. Gastreich was weighing "verbal
advice," not written advice.167 Indeed, at 1 p.m. on Friday, Dec. 7, AAG Larson had already offered
161

DWT Memorandum Dan Judge, p.2.
DWT Memorandum Dan Judge, pp.2 – 3.
163
DWT Memorandum, Dan Judge, pp.2-3.
164
DWT Memorandum, Kathy Gastreich, p.3. DWT Memorandum, Tim Lang, p.3.
165
Attorney General Report of Internal Review of DOC Sentencing Error, p. 13, http://agportals3bucket.s3.amazonaws.com/uploadedfiles/Another/News/Press_Releases/Internal%20review.pdf .
166
Ibid. and Exhibit 15.
167
DWT Memorandum, Dan Judge, p.2.
162

36

her verbal advice to Wendy Stigall, Ms. Gastreich’s administrative-division colleague, that
OMNI’s sentence miscalculations placed DOC at risk of losing a lawsuit – and was working on
her follow-up email.168 This suggests a very simple explanation – that someone who knew Ms.
Larson was working on the advice, perhaps either Ms. Larson herself or Stigall, had given Ms.
Gastreich a phone call to offer a heads-up.
The reports of the governor and AG also note that Mr. Judge did not memorialize the conversation,
and that his memory of the date is based on his own reconstruction.169 But Mr. Judge’s recollection
is entirely consistent with the known facts. He had no reason to memorialize the conversation once
he had given a heads-up to Mr. Lang, who in turn could easily have forgotten a quick mention
during a phone call about other matters, just before quitting time on a Friday. It also is possible
that the call occurred on some other day the following week. Mr. Judge’s very specific recollection
is persuasive, and raises the possibility that Ms. Gastreich and others were not fully forthcoming.
It also raises the question of whether DOC staff were “shopping” for legal advice that would be
the least difficult to implement given the tumultuous implications of the King fix.
The Monday or Tuesday after receiving AAG Larson’s advice, Ms. Stigall brought the issue to her
direct supervisor, Assistant Secretary Doty, and on Doty’s advice forwarded a copy of Larson’s
email to Ms. Gastreich, the DOC risk management director. Ms. Stigall believes she sent this email
based on Assistant Secretary Doty’s recommendation. Ms. Stigall emailed Ms. Gastreich because
as risk manager, she needed to be informed of release-date issues.170 Ms. Stigall was then out of
the office for two weeks due to a surgery.
As risk manager for DOC, Ms. Gastreich spent much of her time reviewing and monitoring tort
claims and other lawsuits. She stated she typically focused on four or five key cases at a time. She
said she rarely received emails from Ms. Stigall, adding “what people can expect of me is to be
responsible for my inbox and to respond to [email] if I get it.”171 However, Ms. Gastreich stated
that she had no recollection of the email from Ms. Stigall or the attached advice from AAG Ronda
Larson.172 She also did not recall a Jan. 9, 2013 Administrative Services Division meeting she
attended with Ms. Doty and Ms. Stigall, during which Ms. Stigall discussed the King fix.173
Minutes of the meeting make clear that Ms. Gastreich was present, as she made a report regarding
the death of a DOC colleague and efforts to help his family.

168

DWT Memorandum, Dan Judge p.2; Exhibit 15, p.19.
Exhibit 15, p.19.
170
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.5.
171
DWT Memorandum, Kathy Gastreich, p.2.
172
DWT Memorandum, Kathy Gastreich, p.2.
173
DWT Memorandum, Kathy Gastreich, p.3.
169

37

Ms. Stigall received no response to her email from Ms. Gastreich, nor, after returning from medical
leave, did she follow up with Ms. Gastreich.174 Like Ms. Larson, Ms. Stigall said she did not
recognize the significance of the King error, stating she did not think it possible that the early
release issue affected a substantial improper release of prisoners. She viewed it as just another in
a long list of changes and fixes that affected sentencing. 175 Upon returning from surgery, Ms.
Stigall sent an email to AAG Ronda Larson seeking advice on the best way to solve the King
problem and attached examples of calculation proposals. Ms. Larson replied the same day,
informing Ms. Stigall that one of her proposals was not allowed by law. 176
The following day, Dec. 27, 2012, Ms. Stigall submitted a request to IT to implement the King
fix.177 Despite having made hundreds of requests for IT changes to OMNI in the past, this was the
first time she requested the change “ASAP.” She hoped it would mean the fix would be completed
in three months rather than six. 178 Ms. Stigall testified that she believed this fix was important
“because it [affected] releases.”179 However, fixes designated as “ASAP” were treated no
differently by IT than any other fix.180 Because she recognized early releases were an important
issue, Ms. Stigall followed up on this request and sent a copy to IT specialist/business analyst Sue
Schuler,181 who confirmed the Stigall request was received and stated it would be reviewed in the
IT department’s triage meeting on Dec. 31, 2012. Ms. Stigall had faith at the time that the IT
governance process would assess the impact of the needed changes and prioritize accordingly.182
Ms. Schuler also believed that “we had folks looking at what priorities were being set by the
department… for defects as well as other enhancements,” and she assumed the CIO was aware of
what was needed. 183
Minutes of the Administrative Service Division’s management team meetings on Jan. 2 and Jan.
9, 2013 reflect that Ms. Stigall informed the team of the King error, though she does not recall the
extent to which she raised the issue and the minutes do not reflect the nature of her comments.
However, any plausible description of the problem would have revealed the potential for early
prisoner releases as well as past improper releases. 184

174

DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.5.
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.4
176
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.5.
177
Exhibit 5.
178
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.5.
179
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.17.
180
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.19.
181
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.6.
182
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.6.
183
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.19.
184
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.6.
175

38

In early January 2013, Ms. Stigall created a spreadsheet revealing that thousands of inmates could
be affected by the King error, but still believed the real-world impact of the fix was limited because
her list included those were technically affected but who would not realistically be released,
including inmates serving 50 years and those serving life without parole.185 Furthermore, she
believed the King fix would be completed in a matter of months, but knew even labeling it ASAP
meant “you’re not going to get it in less than three months.”186 Having sent her IT request, Ms.
Stigall assumed IT was working on it.187
On Jan. 2, 2013, Ms. Stigall emailed DOC’s legislative liaison, Clela Steelhammer.188 Ms.
Steelhammer believes she read the email but doesn’t recall doing so.189 Ms. Stigall said she sent
this email at the suggestion of Sarian Scott, DOC budget director. Ms. Stigall stated that Mr. Scott’s
suggestion came at the Jan. 2, 2013 meeting of the Administrative Service Division’s management
team.190
The record also establishes that the early-release issue was likely discussed at a DOC senior-staff
meeting sometime around this time period – meaning within a matter of weeks after Matthew
Mirante alerted the Department about the problem in December 2012. But it is unclear who brought
it up. Former Secretary Warner and Ms. Mullins, currently the governor’s policy advisor on public
safety and a former DOC assistant secretary, had a near-identical recollection. Mr. Warner told the
governor’s investigators that “he had a vague recollection that an issue was raised regarding the
early release of one inmate but that the matter had been [resolved].”191 Ms. Mullins described an
identical recollection in much greater detail for Senate investigators. She recalls hearing about the
early-release issue at an executive staff meeting in December 2012. The way she describes it, Ms.
Steelhammer mentioned, during the meeting or before, that “this really weird thing happened.”
Ms. Mullins went on to say, “It was described to me as a one-off situation, an offender with a short
base sentence, with a single count and an enhancement. They consulted with the AG and it was
fixed.” 192
The fact that both former Secretary Warner and Ms. Mullins have the same recollection suggests
that the conversation did, indeed, take place. But Ms. Steelhammer denies saying it, and it should

185

Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.18.
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.18.
187
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.5.
188
Exhibit 18.
189
DWT Memorandum, Clela Steelhammer, p.2.
190
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.6.
191
Exhibit 15, p.47.
192
DWT Memorandum, Sandy Mullins, p.4.
186

39

be noted that even if she did read the email from Ms. Stigall containing AAG Larson’s opinion,
she did not get it until Jan. 2, 2013.193
There are two ways this can be reconciled:
 The meeting took place in January 2013 or thereafter, and Ms. Steelhammer’s story is
not accurate; or
 Ms. Mullins is incorrect that it was Ms. Steelhammer who brought it up, and instead it
was someone else. It might be noted that Ms. Gastreich and Ms. Doty also attended
executive staff meetings.194
No matter who raised the issue, the recollection demonstrates that there was awareness of the earlyrelease issue by staff at the highest level of the agency very soon after Matthew Mirante raised the
alarm. And at the very best, it demonstrates top officials failed to ask questions.
On March 25, 2013, the IT department sent Ms. Stigall an “IT consultation form.”195 There was
nothing substantive on the form that wasn’t part of her initial request; she also had interacted with
IT over the months since her initial request and expressed to IT her concerns regarding the time it
was taking to complete the job.196 Approximately one week later, Ms. Stigall received
confirmation that work would begin on the King fix.197
At a statewide meeting of DOC records managers on Aug. 15, 2013, a PowerPoint presentation by
Ms. Stigall included a slide detailing the challenge of the King fix.198 To provide an example, she
cited the hypothetical case of an offender receiving earned release time of 356 days on a 608-day
sentence, which would mean “they are getting 58 percent earned release time when the maximum
allowed by law is 33 1/3 percent or 202 days.”199 Ms. Stigall followed her presentation with an
Aug. 19, 2013 email200 to the statewide list of DOC records managers, re-asserting that her slide
presentation “was factually correct” and acknowledging the King fix would be “changing some

193

Senate Law and Justice hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, p. 6-7
Assuming Daniel Judge’s account is accurate, Kathy Gastreich had knowledge of the King problem as early as
Dec. 7, 2012. Denise Doty indicated in testimony that it had been her practice to brief Secretary Warner on all
important matters, though she conceded she had no specific recollection of briefing him on this issue. Either is a
reasonable alternative to Clela Steelhammer as the source of the information and lend to Ms. Steelhammer's
credibility on this matter.
195
Exhibit 8.
196
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.7.
197
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.7.
198
Exhibit 7.
199
Exhibit 7.
200
Exhibit 7.
194

40

release dates dramatically.” Ms. Stigall stated her reason for the presentation and the email was
that she believed that the fix was about to be completed and wanted managers to be aware of it. 201
Secretary Warner and Assistant Secretary Doty attended the Aug. 15, 2013 meeting but did not
stay long enough to see the Stigall presentation. 202 During her appearance before the Senate Law
and Justice Committee, Ms. Doty was asked if she “at any point raise[d] this [the King fix] directly
with Secretary Warner yourself since you became aware of the issue generally in the 2012-2013
timeframe?” Ms. Doty replied that it was her practice to make both secretaries she served to make
them
Aware of the important issues going on in the administrative services
division. But I do not have a specific recollection over that time. Over fiveand-a-half years I told secretaries hundreds of things. I couldn’t pull out any
individual item that I shared with either Secretary Vail or Secretary Warner
at this point. And there are no records of those meetings. So I don’t have a
specific recollection. But it was certainly my practice. I wouldn’t have any
reason not to.203
Ms. Stigall had monthly one-on-one meetings with Ms. Doty. Neither followed up with the other
on the King fix. Both Ms. Stigall and Ms. Doty assumed they could rely on IT to complete the fix.
As Ms. Doty put it, “There’s this advice that just made it sound like it could get fixed. What my
experience had been with IT is that those things did get fixed.”204 With each delay, Ms. Stigall
believed someone at IT or an IT governance committee understood the implications of the King
error and had concluded that something else was a higher priority. 205 Ms. Doty recalled past
sentencing-calculation issues arising with OMNI that were fixed once they had entered the “IT
pipeline” and assumed hand calculations would be reconsidered if a problem was identified.206
Ms. Doty stated there were two things she primarily remembers from 2013: dealing with that year’s
operating budget, and dealing with former Secretary Warner’s emphasis on Advance
Corrections/STRONG-R.207
When IT Specialist/Business Analyst Sue Schuler completed the IT consultation form for Ms.
Stigall’s request, she included estimates for cost, development, and testing time.208 Mark Ardiel,
the DOC contractor from Sierra-Cedar, estimated 20 hours for the King fix at this time, based on
201

DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.7.
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p. 31
203
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.31.
204
DWT Memorandum, Denise Doty, p.5.
205
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, pp.7–8.
206
DWT Memorandum, Denise Doty, p.5.
207
DWT Memorandum, Denise Doty, p.5.
208
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.2.
202

41

the very superficial descriptions of the problem he was provided. 209 Once the consultation form
was complete, Ms. Schuler sent it to David Dunnington, who was DOC business unit manager at
the time.210 It then went to the IT department’s triage team to determine where it should go and
whether it should go to developers, and if so, whether it should it go to in-house DOC developers
or a vendor like Sierra-Cedar.211 Mr. Dunnington told Senate investigators that the triage team did
not approve requests as much as ensure they were directed to the right place, and determine
whether they involved hardware, software, or installation.212
During Senate hearings, Mr. Dunnington was asked to clarify the nature of the triage team. He said
its purpose “was to review [each request] and forward it on to the correct department, person, and
area.”213 The triage team was therefore not a body that set priorities, but one that assigned tasks.
Mr. Dunnington stated that there had been a governance group in the past, but he did not participate
in it. He believed the governance group consisted of division executives or their designees,214 and
that it was up to the business analyst to communicate with the submitter and advocate for the
inclusion of a particular update. 215 In essence, Ms. Stigall was relying on IT to set priorities while
the business unit manager was relying on Ms. Stigall as the submitter, and Ms. Schuler as the
business analyst for guidance. Ms. Schuler stated Mr. Dunnington would communicate priorities
to her although she was not sure if he was on the governance team, and stated that “somehow my
bosses found out” what the department’s priorities were.216
DOC IT work priorities were organized in what were known as “M releases.” While the
ClearQuest number assigned to the King fix was created on April 3, 2013, Ms. Schuler scheduled
the fix for the M-34 release in September 2013, due to coding work already under way on one
release and a full slate in the next release.217 The “ASAP” designation from Wendy Stigall was
swiftly lost. Ms. Schuler, the business analyst, stated “other priorities came up,” set by the
Department for new projects. 218 Mr. Dunnington, the business-unit manager, stated the request
might have gotten lost in the volume of other requests to the IT department. “There were a number
of other projects and priorities that demanded attention,” he said. “Unfortunately, that’s probably

209

DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.8.
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.2.
211
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.2.
212
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.2.
213
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, pp.41-42.
214
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.2.
215
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.2.
216
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.2.
217
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.2.
218
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.3.
210

42

part of that. There was always something new and something that needed to be fixed or someone
wanted their [project] done next. The work kept piling up.”219
In a July 10, 2013 email, Ms. Stigall sent Ms. Schuler a prioritized list of defects which included
the King fix, yet the fix still was not forthcoming.220 In a late-March 2014 email exchange, Ms.
Schuler and Mr. Dunnington, business unit manager, discussed yet another delay in the King fix.221
Mr. Dunnington asks “Are there any big concerns? Will Wendy be OK with it?” Ms. Schuler
replied, “If she has to be—I talked to her today.”222 As indicated, Ms. Stigall had thought IT had
a process for addressing agency priorities, while this exchange suggests that Ms. Schuler and Mr.
Dunnington thought if the King fix was a high priority, Ms. Stigall would have pushed back harder.
Ms. Stigall’s original IT request specified that the King fix needed to be done “ASAP” because
“all current ERD’s [early release dates] when there is a mandatory/enhancement are in error.”223
Despite this warning regarding early releases, even at this relatively early stage in the King-fix
delay, the priority was lost. Ms. Schuler stated, “No one knew it was going to be that many
offenders affected,”224 yet it was clear some offenders would be affected and that did not create
any special kind of priority.
Ms. Schuler designated the King fix a “Severity level 2” in the ClearQuest tracking system, which
was the most serious severity level short of a system-crashing error.225 However, this did not call
attention to the problem, because many fixes carried the same severity level. The King fix
languished as one of many change requests (CRs) in the system.
Meanwhile, Ms. Stigall had already made every DOC records manager aware of the early-release
issue, through her August 2013 presentation and email. Nothing prevented records staff from
performing hand-calculations at any point226, but the agency culture was such that no action was
taken. When asked why she failed to sound the alarm as the King-fix delay stretched from 2013 to
2014 into 2015, Ms. Stigall said she assumed there was an IT governance process in place and
“there were priorities for the agency higher than that request,”227 and that she “thought the whole
time that somebody was actually setting a priority.”228 Ms. Schuler, the business analyst, said she
had similar assumptions about Ms. Stigall, stating that if Ms. Stigall had pushed back on delays

219

DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.3.
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.5.
221
Exhibit 15, p.30.
222
Exhibit 15, p.30.
223
Exhibit 5.
224
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.3.
225
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.4.
226
DWT Memorandum, Denise Doty, p.5.
227
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.37.
228
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.21.
220

43

“everybody would have said she’s getting pissed off [and]Dave [Dunnington] and I would have
said, ‘Let’s do this right now.” Ms. Schuler added that if “Ms. Stigall or any upper management”
had given the King fix priority over other enhancements “all other work would have stopped for
this one to be completed. Same if anyone had indicated the number of affected offenders,
thousands of them.” 229 Mr. Dunnington stated that the request may have gotten lost in the volume
of other requests, “There were a number of other projects and priorities….always something new
and something that needed to be fixed or someone wanted their [project] done next. The work kept
piling up.”230
Mark Ardiel, the contractor from Sierra-Cedar, explained that at one time DOC set priorities for
the items in a release on an A-B-C scale – “A” items were “must fix,” “B” items were those that
had been bumped from a previous release, “C” items were new additions. Mr. Ardiel explained
that although the “must fix” designation appears to disappear from the record, the report only
shows items that are changed, so if the same status is maintained, it would not be shown on the
report for later dates. At the same time, if an item came up in the ClearQuest tracking system log
as “must fix,” that would mean it was not so designated previously.231 This automated function of
the ClearQuest system makes perceived changes to the “must fix” designation all but irrelevant to
the delay of the King fix.
In September 2013, the King fix was designated a “must fix” in the ClearQuest tracking system.
While seeming to impart an urgency, the “must fix” designation was actually an automated
designation for change requests. Ms. Schuler explained that if a request is not moved out of
DevCode after missing several releases, it automatically is classified as a “must fix.”232 Ms.
Schuler testified that “a ‘must fix ‘is when we set a certain end release and we tell the coders that
it is going to get done, and then they will come and say, well we don’t have the resources, or it’s
a code freeze, or whatever, and it goes to what we call a ‘must fix,’ so it becomes top of the next
release.”233 Mr. Dunnington said the “must fix” category is used to “tell the developers we want
this fixed in a release” and it provides a “message to the developers that we expect to get it
done.”234 But because priorities are not generally established within a given release, the “must”
portion of the designation is misleading.
According to Ms. Schuler, the “must fix” designation was intended for IT to be able to better track
fixes that had not moved out of DevCode “at a glance.” 235 However, the ClearQuest tracking

229

DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.3.
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.3.
231
DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.9.
232
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.4.
233
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.29.
234
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.4.
235
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.4.
230

44

system makes that difficult because “as changes were done… only the changes are reflected….So
you could go through and have eight changes to 24910 [the numeric code for the King fix], but
until you changed that must-fix, it [wouldn’t] display.”236
In September 2013, Mark Ardiel of Sierra-Cedar began work on the King fix.237 Mr. Ardiel was
the most trusted developer on OMNI fixes involving sentencing.238 Ms. Schuler described him as
the exclusive developer working on OMNI fixes involving sentencing239 and Ms. Stigall observed
that both DOC’s IT department and Sierra-Cedar was reluctant to assign anyone else to work on
OMNI sentence structure issues.240 On Sept. 26, 2013, Ms. Stigall emailed Mr. Ardiel and their
exchange left Ms. Stigall convinced the fix would be forthcoming.241 But Mr. Ardiel soon stopped
work on the King fix because he had questions on the business requirements for the item and did
not receive the needed information from DOC.242
DOC often included as many as 300 IT enhancements or defects in a particular “M release,” with
the understanding that not all would be completed.243 Items not completed would be rescheduled
for a future release and backlogs were common.244 The OMNI team, which met twice weekly to
discuss defects and enhancements or change requests set for the next release and to monitor
progress.245 Ms. Schuler described the meetings as “really informal”246 and no records were
kept.247 Ms. Schuler explained that the OMNI team might delay CRs until a later release for a
variety of reasons. Those reasons included not enough time to complete the coding, lack of
resources for coding, not enough time to complete testing; and in some cases insufficiently clear
business requirements. In addition, there were “code freeze” dates, meaning the code for a
particular release would need to be finalized for the change to be deployed. If an update was not
complete by that “code freeze” date, it would have to be delayed as a result. Generally there was
no documentation as to why particular requests that had been scheduled were delayed to future
releases.248 OMNI meetings were not used to discuss whether certain items should be implemented

236

DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.4.
DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.10.
238
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.3; DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.8.
239
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.3.
240
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.8.
241
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.7.
242
DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.10.
243
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.4.
244
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.4.
245
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.4; DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.2.
246
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.2.
247
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p. 4
248
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.3.
237

45

or in what order. They did not engage in prioritization, but were primarily status updates on items
set for the current release.249
An August 2015 email from Mr. Dunnington to the assistant secretaries of the DOC illustrates a
distraction of that kind. Mr. Dunnington wrote that his email was “to share current system
enhancements under your area and request your review and assistance to identify your business
priorities.” He said that he sent the email in part because of a meeting with Mr. Pacholke and
former Assistant Secretary Amy Seidlitz, whom he described as director of Advance Corrections.
Mr. Dunnington said that because of the Advance Corrections initiative “and all the work that was
going to be scheduled to be done, that some of these enhancements may have an impact on
Advance Corrections, meaning that they may not need to be done, or they may need to be done
sooner rather than later, or that the impact may be contrary to the direction of Advanced
Corrections [sic].” 250 Of further note is that only Steve Sinclair from the Prisons Division
responded with priorities.251
While the vast majority of the numerous delays to the King fix in the ClearQuest tracking system
audit trail bear Mr. Dunnington’s name, there was no DOC priority given to that fix compared to
others in the queue. Former CIO Hoffer stated there were typically 1,000 defects and enhancements
in the database.252 Both he and his successor, Mr. Jekel, described difficulty in getting sufficient
and consistent prioritization information.253 In addition, Mr. Jekel believed another problem was
that people with political pull were able to get their priorities done while pushing other work into
the future. DOC did not task Mr. Ardiel with addressing backlogged updates, but only those
updates that were scheduled in a given release. 254 Large-scale and small-scale projects hampered
the IT department’s ability to clear the backlog of updates, and even a small-scale project could
become a diversion if it was requested to be completed immediately. 255 Mr. Dunnington stated,
“I don’t think IT ever said no to anybody. The faucet would just keep filling the bucket and we
kept working and working to get the job done.”256
System enhancements were ranked on a severity level from one to four, Although Ms. Schuler
designated the King fix a “severity level 2” in the ClearQuest tracking system,257 on Feb. 4, 2014

249

DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.4.
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, p.32.
251
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, p.33.
252
DWT Memorandum, Doug Hoffer, p.3.
253
DWT Memorandum, Peter Jekel, p.3.
254
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.5.
255
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.5.
256
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.3.
257
DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.4.
250

46

the King fix was reduced in severity level from a very serious “2” to a moderate “3” by Mr.
Dunnington.258 However, the decision was not his alone.
The minutes of the Nov. 8, 2013 OMNI architecture committee meeting contain a notation “assign
to Dave.”259 Mr. Dunnington testified that this signified that he was tasked with updating the
severity criteria document, following the committee’s decision that the severity level for
enhancements would always be set to three.260 Minutes of the meeting reflect that Mr. Dunnington
did not attend this meeting.261 The minutes of the Nov. 22, 2013 OMNI architecture meeting
contain an assignments follow-up section; in that section the task “update severity criteria
document for enhancements severity always set to three” is followed by the word “done.”262
Discussions over the uniform severity rankings for defects and enhancements took place in OMNI
architecture meetings, IT executive team meetings, and OMNI meetings.263 Mr. Dunnington also
testified that he emailed the new policy so that others might offer opinions but received only one
response. Because the King fix was classified as an enhancement, like all enhancements, it was reclassified as a severity level 3. Ira Feuer, DOC’s sixth CIO under former Secretary Bernie Warner
– and the CIO who ultimately oversaw the completion of the King fix – stated he was unaware of
this decision and could not justify it.264 The decision reflects the Department’s broad dysfunction,
lack of governance and haphazard prioritization process.
Mr. Ardiel estimated he spent 80 to 100 hours on the fix between 2013 and 2014 and stopped work
in March of 2014 while waiting for information from DOC. 265 He returned to work on the King
fix in November 2014 and completed the algorithm that served as the foundation for the fix.. 266
After reaching a complication, he stopped work on the fix again in late 2014 while he waited for
additional business requirements from DOC.267 He was working on the fix again in 2015 when he
set it aside for paternity leave268 from February through September 2015. Although other SierraCedar team members were available to do the work,269 Mr. Ardiel stated that for nearly all of 2015,

258

DWT Memorandum, Sue Schuler, p.4; DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.6.
It is puzzling how this task could be assigned to him if, as posited by the governor’s report, Dunnington held the
sole authority to set these severity levels.
260
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, p.25.
261
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, p.25.
262
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, p.26; Exhibit 20.
263
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, pp.27-28.
264
DWT Memorandum, Ira Feuer, p.4.
265
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.30.
266
DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.10.
267
DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.10.
268
DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.11.
269
DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.11.
259

47

he believed almost his entire maintenance team was working on Advance Corrections/STRONGR related material.270
When Mr. Ardiel returned from paternity leave in September 2015, he worked on other projects,
then returned to the King fix in November as a matter of course. His resumption of work was not
prompted by DOC. At no point was he told that work on the King fix should be a priority. But
because of his sporadic work over the previous two years, he was nearly finished by the time DOC
recognized the early-release issue was an emergency. 271 Ardiel did not learn of AAG Ronda
Larson’s 2012 legal advice until December 2015, when he saw it posted on the DOC website.272
In November 2015, the early release issue finally received the attention it warranted. On Nov. 2,
2015, three months into his new job and in the course of meeting individually with staff, CIO Ira
Feuer met with Ms. Stigall, who informed him that there had been a sentencing-enhancement fix
that had been repeatedly delayed. Mr. Feuer noted her clear annoyance and believed, based on his
IT experience, that this was potentially a major issue. Mr. Feuer checked with Mr. Dunnington
about the progress of the fix and was informed that Mr. Ardiel was working on it, with the release
scheduled in early January 2016. 273
Mr. Feuer said he didn’t know if the problem was “impacting one prisoner, two prisoners, five
prisoners, 5,000 prisoners. I really didn’t know the impact.”274 The only way to assess the impact
was to get “enough of the fix into the code where we could run a query and we could then tell the
secretary exactly the magnitude of the problem,” he explained.275 That moment came in December
2015 – and Mr. Feuer describes it as the “oh s**t moment.”276 The query showed the fix would
cause approximately 2,900 changes to offenders’ release dates.277
Also in December 2015, Ms. Stigall understood the long-awaited King fix was planned for release
in January and wanted to inform the various prisons so they could prepare their planned releases
to comply with the fix. 278 She met with Julie Martin, who succeeded Mr. Tinney as assistant
secretary for administrative services, and Steve Sinclair, Rob Herzog, and Scott Russell of the
prisons division, and informed them of the coming change.279 The prison division group
recognized the significance. Ms. Stigall also briefed Mr. Pacholke, who had just begun his brief

270

DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.6.
DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.12.
272
DWT Memorandum, Mark Ardiel, p.12.
273
DWT Memorandum, Ira Feuer, p.2.
274
DWT Memorandum, Ira Feuer, p.7.
275
Senate Law and Justice hearing transcript, Feb. 25, 2016, p.7.
276
DWT Memorandum, Ira Feuer, p.6.
277
DWT Memorandum, Ira Feuer, p.2.
278
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.8.
279
DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.8.
271

48

tenure as secretary of corrections. He decided to halt all prisoner releases and hand-calculate
release dates as required.280 Secretary Pacholke mobilized the DOC command center and applied
the full resources of the Department, requiring staff to work through weekends and holidays to
determine which former inmates required apprehension and which prisoners’ sentences required
hand calculation.281 The governor learned of the early release of prisoners on Thursday, Dec. 17
and informed the public on Tuesday, Dec. 22.282
Despite the “must fix” designation, the King fix had been delayed for more than two-and- a-half
years, through multiple M-releases. No substantive reasons were recorded for these delays, but as
indicated previously, the OMNI team didn’t track reasons for delays and no trigger or notification
was in place for requests repeatedly rescheduled.283 At one point the King fix was scheduled for
the M-50 release, but was finally accomplished in the M-49 release scheduled for implementation
on Jan. 7, 2016.284

G. The Aftermath
The full extent of the problem has not yet been determined. The DOC has not completed its
analysis of the number of offenders who were released early, the crimes committed by those who
were released early, or the individual offenders who still owe additional prison time. It is not clear
whether DOC plans to inquire further into the subject. Until then, the impact on the state and the
state’s total liability cannot be estimated.
In the days and weeks following the revelation of the early-release issue, the DOC focused on the
inmates who had been released relatively recently, from Dec. 17, 2011 to Dec. 17, 2015. This
prioritization made sense at the time, because those who had been released over the last four years
were the ones most likely to owe additional prison time. DOC posted its final analysis regarding
these prisoners on its website March 8, 2016.285
However, DOC has done little work regarding inmates who were improperly released between
2002 and 2011. Its last update regarding these offenders was posted on Feb. 4, 2016, consisting
only of a list of those inmates released during this period who possibly could be affected. More
than three months have passed since that time. Until DOC finishes its analysis, the total picture of
the damage done by its mistake cannot be known. A complete analysis will increase the state’s
potential liability by identifying additional crimes committed by inmates who should have been

280

DWT Memorandum, Wendy Stigall, p.9.
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.47.
282
Exhibit 15, p.35
283
DWT Memorandum, Dave Dunnington, p.3.
284
Exhibit 9.
285
Figures are taken from the DOC website, at http://www.doc.wa.gov/news/pressreleases/2015/12222015sentencing-error-information.asp .
281

49

serving time. A complete analysis also will reveal additional former inmates who owe more prison
time to the state, and their re-incarceration will increase prison populations and operating costs.
However, the public interest in a full accounting remains paramount.
1. Number of affected offenders
The most current numbers provided by the DOC suggest the number of offenders who were
released early is approximately 3,000, with another 3,000 affected inmates still serving time in
prison. The exact number remains unknown. When the problem was announced on Dec. 22, 2015,
Governor Inslee and DOC officials cited a figure of 3,200 early releases. This number has been
widely cited in press accounts and in legislative discussions. However, that number represented an
initial estimate, and it has not been updated by DOC.
Since December, DOC has partially corrected its figures. The most recent information available
suggests the number of inmates who were released early is somewhat less than 3,200. The DOC
identified a total population of 3,701 released inmates who might have been affected. That figure
includes all inmates who had flat-time sentence enhancements and who were released between
2002 and 2015. DOC completed a review of those inmates released between Dec. 17, 2011 and
Dec. 17, 2015, showing a total 1,530 potentially affected inmates. Of these offenders, the
department found that 399, or 26 percent, did not owe additional time at the point when they were
released.286
If the same rate is applied to all of the potentially affected offenders, we might estimate that a total
2,739 were improperly released. However, no conclusion can be drawn because the DOC has
apparently not performed the same analysis on the cases of the 2,171 offenders released between
2002 and 2011.287
In its latest analysis of prisoners released between 2011 and 2015, DOC identified 116 prisoners
who owed prison time, either because the clock was still ticking on their original sentence, or
because they had been charged with new crimes or violated community supervision requirements
during the time they should have been incarcerated. DOC’s final analysis regarding these prisoners
released between 2011 and 2015 indicates that they were released an average 59 days early. DOC

286

A 2003 Supreme Court decision, in re Roach, 74 P.3d 134 (Wash. 2003) says generally that when inmates are
released early due to a DOC mistake, they get day-for-day credit against their sentences until the time is up.
Exceptions are made when offenders are charged with a new crime during the period when they should have been
incarcerated, when they violate the terms of their community supervision by failing to report or absconding, or when
the mistake is due to their own misrepresentations. Those offenders may be required to serve out the remainder of
their terms.
287
The figure of 2,171 is drawn from the list posted by the DOC on its website Feb. 4 at
http://www.doc.wa.gov/news/pressreleases/2015/docs/sentencing-error/releases-list-2002-2011.pdf .

50

has indicated that the worst case was a prisoner released nearly 600 days early – approximately
one year and eight months.288
2. Crimes committed by prematurely released offenders
DOC’s analysis to date indicates that 29 improperly released offenders committed new crimes
during the period when they should have been in prison. However, this analysis is far from
complete. For prisoners released between 2011 and 2015, DOC’s analysis includes pending
charges and convictions. For those who were released between 2002 and 2015, DOC worked its
way backward, identifying offenders who were convicted of new Class A felonies and sex-offense
felonies after their release, then determining whether they were committed at a time when they
should have been in prison. There were two who fell into that category, and they are included in
the list of 29.
There are three problems with the analysis. The first is that for the inmates released between 2011
and 2015, the accounting includes pending charges and convictions but does not include charges
that have been dropped. An arrest does not always lead to a conviction, but it is a reasonable
indication of the criminal impact of DOC’s error. The second problem that its analysis does not
include any charges filed against improperly released inmates between 2002 and 2011. The third
is that for the prisoners in this earlier group, DOC checked only convictions for the most serious
crimes. It did not check for convictions for misdemeanors, gross misdemeanors, and Class B and
C felonies.
Presumably, a full analysis of the impacts attributable to improperly released offenders will show
a far greater number of offenses. Among the prisoners released between 2002 and 2011, for
instance, it is difficult to believe that only two of them committed crimes when they should have
been in prison.
The crimes committed or alleged to have been committed by these improperly released inmates
run the gamut from the most serious to the most minor. They include first-degree murder, vehicular
homicide, first-degree assault, first-degree burglary, theft and possession of a stolen firearm, all
the way down to shoplifting and driving with a suspended license. Two particularly serious crimes
warrant further description.
3.

Death of Caesar Medina

Early in the morning of May 28, 2015, two men forced their way into Northwest Accessories, a
Spokane tattoo parlor and drug-paraphernalia store. Exactly why is unclear. Police at the time
called it a botched robbery attempt but there are also indications the incident was gang-related.

288

Gov. Jay Inslee news conference, Dec. 22, 2016. http://www.tvw.org/watch/?eventID=2015120002 .

51

When the men got inside, they found others waiting there for them. Among those standing guard
was Caesar Medina, 17, a friend of the owner. An employee hurled an empty wine bottle at the
men. The intruders opened fire.
Bullets struck Medina in the neck and chest. The men fled, and police arrived just as friends carried
the injured Medina to a car to take him to the hospital. Despite lifesaving efforts by the officers,
Medina died at the scene.289
Ultimately Spokane police arrested Jeremiah Smith, 26, who had been released 12 days before the
incident from the Washington State Corrections Center in Shelton. Smith had served five years for
felony robbery, burglary and assault. Had his sentence been calculated properly, he would have
been released on Aug. 15. Instead he was released three months early.
Smith currently is in the Spokane County Jail, awaiting trial on charges of murder, assault,
burglary, robbery – all in the first degree.
4. Death of Lindsay Hill
Robert Terrance Jackson, 38, took his girlfriend Lindsay Hill to a club in Seattle on the night of
Nov. 11, 2015 and friends later remembered both of them seemed clearly intoxicated. Jackson had
been released from the Washington Corrections Center Aug. 10, after serving five years for armed
robbery, and quickly took up with Ms. Hill, 35. He moved into the Bellevue apartment she shared
with her two sons, and despite what neighbors described as a violent relationship, in a Facebook
posting the two of them described themselves as engaged.
What happened after they left the club that night is a matter of police record. A witness called
Seattle police to report seeing a man repeatedly strike a woman as she attempted to escape his car.
The witness told police that as the woman hung out the passenger window, a coat, wallet and purse
were thrown outside. After the car left the scene, the witness checked the purse and wallet. They
contained ID for Jackson and Hill.
Half-an-hour later, the same car careened down a residential street in Bellevue in the direction of
their apartment complex at speeds of more than 60 miles an hour. It slammed into a steel utility
box with such force that Hill was thrown from the passenger seat. She suffered catastrophic head
injuries and died in the wreckage.
Jackson, who suffered gashes to the face, was arrested after a witness reported seeing a bloodcovered man wandering around an apartment building near the accident. Police said Jackson’s eyes

The (Spokane) Spokesman-Review, May 28, 2015, “Teen Killed When Men Broke into Tattoo Shop, Witness
Tells Police,” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2015/may/28/teen-killed-when-men-broke-into-tattoo-shop/ .
289

52

were bloodshot and he reeked of alcohol; he fought as he was arrested and had to be tasered. Today
Jackson is in the King County Jail awaiting trial for vehicular homicide.290
DOC revealed six weeks later that Jackson should have been in prison that night. His correct
release date was Dec. 6, 2015.
5. Substantial Potential Liability for State
The state of Washington potentially bears a heavy burden of liability for these cases and others.
Although crimes were committed by the improperly released offenders and not by the state itself,
Washington law allows claims for negligent supervision, and makes it easier to sue than other
states. Washington waived sovereign immunity to tort claims in 1961,291 allowing state
government to be sued just like any person or corporation. In addition, joint and several liability
can require the state to pay the full amount of damages even when other parties also bear
responsibility.
Finally, Washington has none of the limitations on claims that apply in other states, such as damage
caps and special procedural requirements that make it more difficult to sue. The DOC is
particularly vulnerable because courts have held that DOC has a duty to protect the public from
the “dangerous propensities” of the inmates under its supervision. A 2011 report from the Joint
Legislative Audit and Review Committee found that the DOC was responsible for $73 million in
state payouts between 2004 and 2010, or 18 percent of the state total. Nearly all of that amount,
$57 million, was due to claims that the state had negligently supervised inmates upon release –
despite the fact that the state’s responsibility was rather distant in nature, such as failing to
apprehend inmates who did not report to their parole officers.292
In the case of the early-release error, the cause of action is far more direct. In this case, DOC has
acknowledged that its negligence allowed inmates to be released to commit new crimes. Already
one claim has been filed against the state. Attorneys for Veronica Medina-Gonzalez, mother of
Caesar Medina, recently filed a tort claim with the state Office of Risk Management. Medina-

Christine Clarridge Nov. 13, 2015, “Bellevue Man Jailed on Suspicion of Fleeing Fatal Car Crash,” Seattle Times,
Nov. 13, 2015, http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/crime/bellevue-man-jailed-on-suspicion-of-fleeing-fatalcar-crash . Sara Jean Green, “Crash That Killed Bellevue Mom Could be Boyfriend’s Third Strike,” Seattle Times,
Nov. 18, 2015, http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/crime/crash-that-killed-bellevue-mom-could-beboyfriends-third-strike ; Allison Deangelis, “Fiancé Arrested for Bellevue Mother’s Death,” Bellevue Reporter,
Nov. 22, 2015, http://www.bellevuereporter.com/news/351864671.html; Joseph O’Sullivan, “Prisoner Released
Early Killed Woman in Crash, State Says,” Seattle Times, Dec. 28, 2015, http://www.seattletimes.com/seattlenews/politics/prisoner-released-early-killed-woman-in-crash-state-says/ .
291
RCW 4.92.040.
292
State Risk Management Practices in Washington, Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee, 2011, Report
11-8, p. 9.
290

53

Gonzalez seeks $5 million.293 At least two personal-injury law firms have posted lengthy
explanations of the issue on their websites, listings of known crimes by improperly released felons,
and even explanatory graphics – an indication that trial lawyers recognize the business opportunity
posed by the case.294

Kip Hill, “Mother of Slain Spokane Teenager Files $5 Million Claim against State.” The (Spokane) SpokesmanReview, Feb. 26, 2016, http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2016/feb/26/mother-of-slain-spokane-teenager-files-5million-c/ .
294
These sites can be found at http://www.injurytriallawyer.com/blog/where-did-the-department-of-corrections-gowrong-.cfm and http://www.pcvalaw.com/doc-early-release/ .
293

54

V. Conclusions
A. Former Secretary Bernard Warner’s gross mismanagement was a significant factor
in the delay of the “King fix”
Secretary Warner’s feckless management of this crucial public safety agency was a
significant contributing factor to the delay of the King fix. His lack of attention to the basic
management of his agency, combined with his unwillingness to attend meetings or engage
with staff created an environment in which lower-level and front line level employees had
no viable means in which to address the agency’s lack of prioritization of the King fix.
Low and mid-level DOC employees seeking to gain management attention for an IT fix
that would result in more incarceration time for prisoners were swimming against the tide
of what can charitably be described as “benign neglect.”
1. Poor Communication. Multiple witnesses indicated that Secretary Warner had poor
communication skills. A repeated theme for many DOC employees in the upper
echelon of DOC management was that there was little to no personal contact with the
secretary.
2. Structure and Disorder. The Administrative Services Division of DOC was ground
zero for the DOC sentencing-error scandal. The records and IT departments were
located within administrative services as well as the auditing office. All of these
administrative sections were in a position to detect and raise the alarm about the King
fix. Secretary Warner changed the make-up of this division during the exact time that
the delay in the King fix occurred. Many witnesses confirmed that Secretary Warner’s
decision to restructure various departments within the agency served to foster
resentment, poor communications and a competitive atmosphere among DOC staff that
led to the delay of the King fix.
In light of the disorder in the IT department generally during this period, the governor
should revisit the conclusions in the governor’s investigation report regarding David
Dunnington, who served as acting deputy CIO until his demotion by the governor. In
its report, the governor’s office has repeated three incorrect assertions, raising the
possibility that Mr. Dunnington has been "scapegoated." The original report and the
supplemental report both claim that Mr. Dunnington:




Had unilateral authority to delay the King fix.
Downgraded the King fix priority ranking from a two to a three.
Deleted the “must fix” designation in the ClearQuest tracking system.
55

Not only does the governor’s report ignore references to other employees who delayed
the fix, but the assertions regarding Mr. Dunnington are incorrect because he:







Served on an OMNI committee that had at least two higher ranking employees
who made decisions on whether a particular enhancement should be delayed.
Provided OMNI Architectural Meeting minutes from Nov. 8, 2013 and Nov.
23, 2013 indicating that the responsibility to downgrade the King fix from a “2”
to a “3” was assigned to him at a meeting at which he was not present. If Mr.
Dunnington had unilateral authority to downgrade priority rankings of fixes, the
responsibility would not need to be assigned to him.
Provided an email from Aug. 15, 2015 that he sent to assistant secretaries at
DOC seeking their approval for the prioritization of 70 remaining OMNI
enhancements including the King fix. If Mr. Dunnington had “unilateral
authority,” he would not need to send an email seeking prioritization and
approval from superiors.
Demonstrated in testimony that the report was incorrect in stating that he had
deleted the “must fix” designation. Mr. Dunnington attributed this error in the
report to the investigators' apparent misunderstanding of the ClearQuest
tracking system that would only display changes to the “must fix” column but
otherwise would not display it.

3. Inability to make decisions. Multiple witnesses testified to the inability of Secretary
Warner to make decisions on important matters, and said that exacerbated the
frustration of those seeking direction from upper management.
4. IT department turnover. Secretary Warner’s open disparagement of the IT
department and his preference for an underperforming, over-budgeted, untrustworthy
contractor crushed the morale of IT employees and substantially deteriorated the
functionality of the IT department. Warnings of the “brain drain” occurring under his
watch were ignored. Institutional memory was lost along with the insight and
awareness that comes with experience, and rational governance procedures evaporated.
5. Misplaced priority on Advance Corrections/STRONG-R over IT maintenance. In
the rare instances in which Secretary Warner did pay attention to the IT department,
his fixation on the STRONG-R/Advance Corrections project served to give that project
undue priority. Mr. Warner’s decision to have his agency award a no-bid contract to a
company owned by a personal friend resulted in years of shoddy work that consumed
the time, resources, and morale of the IT department. The project “blocked out the sun”
56

and pushed aside IT maintenance work like the “King fix.” Many DOC witnesses noted
that Secretary Warner’s singular fixation on the Advance Corrections/STRONG-R
project contributed directly to the delay.
Although the governor’s investigators interviewed many of the same witnesses, the
governor’s report ignores Mr. Warner’s failure to manage DOC as a cause of the delay
to the King fix. Though the report acknowledges that “inordinately high turnover in the
IT Department and DOC budget concerns may [emphasis added] have compounded
delays in addressing the King decision,” the governor’s investigators somehow failed
to find that Warner’s mismanagement contributed to the high turnover and that there
was, in fact, “solid evidence” to support the assertion that “an overaggressive push by
upper management to design and implement a more robust offender risk management
system called ‘STRONG-R’” resulted in delay of the King fix.295 The report asserts,
without citation, that the push for STRONG-R occurred primarily during the early
months of 2014, long after the King fix change request had been submitted, and
concludes it must have had little effect. The report also states that the work lasted for a
few weeks and was done by Assessments.com.296
These conclusions are clearly incorrect. First, multiple witnesses told the Senate Law
and Justice Committee and its investigators, under oath that the work on STRONG-R
began long before early 2014 and continued long after, it was not handled solely by
Assessment.com, and it clearly impacted the workload of the IT department. It is clear
that the Advance Corrections/STRONG-R initiative was a project that continued
throughout Mr. Warner’s tenure, and it continues to this day. Nor can it be disputed
that the project consumed enormous time and IT resources. Second, even assuming
arguendo that the project’s impact came in “early 2014,” this is precisely the period
during which the King fix was delayed. Although the governor’s report acknowledges
the Advance Corrections/STRONG-R project was a source of friction that may have
led to turnover, and as a result “perhaps, constant delays to the King defect,” it is
unclear why the governor’s investigators would ignore the testimony of multiple
witnesses who claimed the project had a direct impact on the workload of the IT
department and was therefore a material causal factor of the delay.
6. IT governance collapse. The prioritization and governance systems of DOC IT
suffered total collapse. No proper examination was conducted of requests for IT fixes.

295
296

Exhibit 15, p.46.
Exhibit 15, p.47.

57

Priorities were determined politically, based on who was loudest or who was most
powerful.
7. Warner knowledge of the computer error. Former Secretary Warner admitted to
what he claimed was limited knowledge of the computer error.297 Nevertheless, this
knowledge constituted notice that should have prompted him as a reasonable manager
to make further inquiry and ensure that the matter was finally resolved. His failure to
do this had tragic consequences.
B. Lack of competent oversight from the governor’s office contributed to the delay of
the King fix. As a cabinet officer, Secretary Warner reported to the governor, and the
governor’s office had a statutory responsibility to oversee agency management. RCW
43.06.010 provides that “in addition to those [responsibilities] prescribed by the
Constitution, the governor may exercise the powers and perform the duties prescribed in
this and the following sections: (1) The governor shall supervise the conduct of all
executive and ministerial offices . . .”
In addition, position descriptions for the governor’s staff specifically note that they have
responsibility for overseeing the functioning of state agencies. For example, the position
description for the governor’s chief of staff notes that “much of the day-to-day
responsibility for ensuring state agencies are functioning falls to the chief of staff. The
chief of staff must monitor and manage what is going on in the cabinet and departments.”298
Similarly, another description for this position provides that the chief of staff is charged
with supervising “the conduct of all executive and ministerial offices in the execution of
the laws.”299 The governor’s policy staff also bear responsibility for overseeing state
agencies. They are to “meet regularly and lead meetings with agency directors and senior
staff to identify emerging issues, share perspectives, and coordinate policy direction. Assist
agencies with managing difficult issues. Advise and/or consult with agencies and others,
and/or facilitate access to the governor. Participate in work sessions to provide context and
determine priorities.”300
In short, the governor and his staff are not potted plants. They cannot passively wait for
secretaries of agencies to bring problems to their attention, and instead have an affirmative
duty to put systems in place to identify significant issues at state agencies that involve

297

Exhibit 15, p.47.
Exhibit 22.
299
Exhibit 22.
300
Exhibit 22.
298

58

serious threats to public health and safety and attempt to solve them. Yet the governor’s
office failed to recognize the serious management problems within DOC and took no action
to correct them. This neglect left the agency adrift.
1. Red flags ignored. Two factual matters should have alerted the governor’s office to the
potential for management problems within DOC and should have prompted further
inquiries. One was the heavy turnover within the IT department, a key indicator of trouble.
The other was the curious reorganization that separated the business analysis and project
management functions from IT - the potential for communication breakdowns should have
been apparent.
2. Knowledge of early release problem. At least one member of the governor’s staff,
Sandy Mullins, had actual knowledge of two significant factors regarding the King
problem:



That there had been an issue with the release of a prisoner based upon a sentencing
calculation error.
That the DOC IT department was completely overwhelmed by the Advance
Corrections/STRONG-R project.

Sandy Mullins, currently a senior policy advisor on public safety to Gov. Inslee, was a
policy director at DOC who reported directly to Sec. Warner when the error came to light.
Mullins recalled hearing of the issue either before or during a senior leadership meeting
shortly after DOC became aware of the sentencing error in December 2012. Mullins made
no further inquiries, either at DOC or after joining the governor’s staff a year later.
Although Mullins’s statement to Senate investigators indicates that she did not understand
the gravity of the matter, what she heard was odd enough that it should have provoked
concern and inquiry. Ms. Mullins told Senate investigators that it was described as “this
really weird thing” involving a prisoner whose sentence had been calculated inaccurately,
a “one-off” situation. Three years later, when the governor’s staff was briefed about the
issue, Ms. Mullins said, “The first thing I think is that the story sounds familiar,” adding,
“it makes me cold thinking about it.” Although Ms. Mullins should be credited with
forthrightness, it demonstrates that the governor’s office had at least limited knowledge of
the early release problem, sufficient to warrant a diligent inquiry to determine the nature
and extent of the issue.301
Ms. Mullins also was aware of the tumult in the administration of the agency. In hindsight,
she believed that a fatal flaw was the decision to move the records unit out of

301

DWT Memorandum, Sandy Mullins, pp.3-4.

59

Administrative Services Division. “It became one of many back office operations,” Ms.
Mullins said. Even though the records unit is responsible for fundamental processes and
systems for DOC, she felt that moving the unit may have marginalized its function.302
Given Ms. Mullins’s position within the governor’s office, and its statutory obligation to
oversee DOC as a state agency, she should have done more prior to December 2015 to
inquire into the matter. It unclear why she chose not to do so.
3. Mr. Warner’s insistence that the STRONG-R project be awarded on a sole-source
contract basis to Assessments.com, owned by his personal friend and with a widely
known reputation for incompetence and controversy. As discussed at length above,
Assessements.com was widely known within the IT department to lack the competence to
adequately complete projects less ambitious than the STRONG-R project. Its owner’s long
history of substance abuse and criminal convictions was so widely-known throughout DOC
that Warner felt he had to explain the selection of Sean Hosman’s company. Given the
high-profile nature of the STRONG-R project, it is mind boggling to suggest the governor’s
office was unaware of the controversial selection of Hosman’s company. And in that highly
unlikely event, the governor clearly did not have systems in place to monitor Warner’s
performance and perhaps that of other critical-agency secretaries.
4. Personal relationships created conflicts of interest. A number of sources indicate that
at least one member of the governor’s staff had a close, personal relationship with the
Secretary of Corrections during this period. Mr. Warner confirmed he had a close personal
relationship with a member of the governor’s staff. He said “[t]hat was formally managed
by me reporting to the deputy chief of staff.” 303 With respect to romantic relationships
among DOC staff, Mr. Warner said the Department has specific policies concerning
relationships in the chain of command. He noted these relationships are understandable in
small communities where DOC facilities are a major employer. “That is unfortunately
some of the challenge you have.” Having worked in a corrections systems in multiple
states, Mr. Warner said he would not characterize such relationships as affecting day-today corrections operations. 304
The bottom line is that such relationships, while not forbidden per se, pose significant
complications and conflicts of interest. This is precisely why such relationships are
discouraged generally and regulated in DOC’s policies. It is entirely predictable that a

302

DWT Memorandum, Sandy Mullins, p.4.
DWT Memorandum, Bernie Warner, p.8. Warner declined to answer a question about a relationship of another
senior DOC official with a member of the governor’s staff, maintaining that such questions should be directed to the
individuals concerned.
304
DWT Memorandum, Bernie Warner, p.8.
303

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relationship between a member of the governor’s staff and the DOC secretary could have
inhibited the inclination of lower-echelon DOC staff members to push issues and problems
upward. The governor’s office further contributed to the King error by not properly
addressing personal relationships between members of the governor’s staff and DOC
executives. If these relationships were well-known to DOC employees, they would likely
lose faith that their concerns about DOC leadership would be addressed by the governor
and his staff, even as a last resort.

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VI. Recommendations
1. Establish a Corrections ombuds independent of DOC or the governor’s office.
During the 2016 legislative session a number of bills were introduced that would have
created an office to deal with complaints from victims and their families, inmates and
their families, and DOC employees. This office should be independent of the DOC and
governor’s office in order to provide an independent forum for the resolution of
concerns about the Department. SB 6154, introduced in 2016, should serve as a
framework.
2. Investigate the Advance Corrections/STRONG-R initiative/project. Although it
appears the project may be sound policy, there are a number of unanswered questions
about how the project was administered that warrant future investigation by an
appropriate authority, such as the state auditor. The investigation should consider the
Department’s justification for its sole source contract with Assessments.com, whether
Assessments.com is fulfilling its contractual duties to DOC, and whether the project is
justified as a policy. The Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee should
conduct the audit.
3. Mandate that the governor put systems in place to directly monitor critical
agency performance. The governor's office has the clear constitutional and statutory
duty to competently manage state agencies. Current law is largely silent as to how the
governor is to effectively manage state agencies. It is clearly not enough to appoint the
agency secretary and nothing more. Systems must be in place to monitor a secretary’s
performance on a regular basis, including to ensure that a pattern of poor management
can be reported directly to the governor’s staff with the authority and impartiality to act
on such reports.
4. Clarify through policy how personal relationships within the executive branch
should be managed to avoid conflicts of interest. Although personal relationships
between staff cannot be categorically prohibited, there is special concern for conflicts
of interest when staff of the governor’s office form personal relationships with heads
of departments. In those circumstances, current law and policy should be clarified so
that the governor will be notified of those relationships and the agency head will report
directly to him or her.
5. Simplify Washington’s sentencing code in a manner that does not reduce
punishment or compromise public safety. Multiple witnesses indicated that the
complexity of the sentencing structure in Washington directly led to confusion
regarding the King decision and its implementation, and complicated the King fix. The
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Legislature should undertake a multi-year process to evaluate the sentencing code and
provide a simpler sentencing system consistent with public safety.
6. Review the staffing of the IT and Records departments at DOC. Former
Secretary Dan Pacholke recommended a study of staffing levels of these key
departments and whether they are adequately funded and staffed. As Mr. Pacholke
noted in his testimony,
[Records staffing] is something we need to study overall, because the impacts of
sentencing and sentencing calculations for records staff – they don’t have to know what
happens today, hey have to know what happens 10 years ago. They have to know what
happens post-July 1, 2005. … I don’t know if we’ve spent enough time to really study
the importance of that work and are we staffed appropriately. 305
7. Require a DOC-wide hand count in the event of any future computer error that
result in early prisoner releases. Many witnesses testified that a hand-calculation of
all prisoner sentences would have had the effect of mitigating the delay of the King fix.
Clela Steelhammer, DOC legislative liaison, testified that hand calculations in 2013
would have “fixed the problem” and thereby would have reduced the impact of the
delay of the King fix.306 A hand recalculation of all sentences was conducted in 2013
after the Legislature approved Second Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 5892. This new
law’s purpose was to standardize the way Washington counties calculate earned release
time (“good time”). Although Wendy Stigall was aware of the early release problem
and oversaw the hand calculations associated with 2ESSB 5892, the King fix was not
incorporated into that effort, for reasons that are unclear.307 Current law should be
amended to require such an efficiency measure in future similar circumstances.
8. Require a report to the Legislature of IT maintenance backlogs and a plan to
address and annual reports on progress. The Legislature should be informed of any
remaining OMNI maintenance backlog, defects or enhancements and should be given
a timeline for their resolution.
9. Enhance protections for DOC “whistleblowers.” Given the workplace culture at
DOC and the popularity of the FixDOC website and outreach effort, and to allay
employee concerns about retaliation from executive decision-makers, stronger

305

Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 29, 2016, p.42.
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, March 16, 2016, p.13.
307
Exhibit 15, p.26.
306

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protections should be enacted for those who wish to anonymously “blow the whistle”
on practices and decisions that jeopardize public safety. These should include the
recommendations of the 2015 report from the Office of Financial Management
performance audit of the Whistleblower Act.308
As an example, at least one witness provided testimony regarding a DOC whistleblower
suit from 2014. The suit was brought by two former DOC employees who alleged that
the DOC took adverse employment action against them following their report that
Department officials provided false information regarding the success of a research
project to the legislature in order to secure funding. While the case is still pending in
court and does not involve the King fix, it is illustrative of the lack of effectiveness of
the whistleblower provisions during the period in which the King fix was delayed.309
Many of the comments from the FixDOC website reinforce the view that DOC
employees who attempt to alert agency administration or the governor's office of
problems are subject to retaliation.310
10. Review whether additional actions may be possible against Warner. Although
Mr. Warner is no longer in the employment of the state, the seriousness of his
management failures warrants additional scrutiny and action. The governor should
consider and the attorney general should evaluate whether legal grounds exist for
further action against Mr. Warner, such as including a letter of reprimand in his
personnel file.
11. Designate public safety as DOC’s highest statutory duty. While the delay in
the King fix does not appear to be an intentional matter, some witnesses indicated that
the emphasis of the department on preparation of inmates for release rather than
public safety contributed to an agency culture in which the fix could be delayed.
Assistant Attorney General Ronda Larson testified,
DOC’s goal and its mission is to reduce recidivism. To do that, you have to have
offenders prepared for reentry, and part of that is to have them serve their enhancement
as early as possible in the sentence. So my e-mail is going up against that important
policy, and who am I to say that it should have been followed when they can arguably
still abide by the statute? No court has come out and said that the statute was being

308

http://www.ofm.wa.gov/reports/audit/whistleblower.pdf .
Schrader, Jordan, "State workers say they were punished for blowing whistle on prison violence stats" Tacoma
News Tribune, September 6, 2014. http://www.thenewstribune.com/news/politics-government/article25879927.html
310
www.FixDOC.org
309

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violated. I was simply proposing this as a possibility -- here’s something, an issue that
you might want to look at. It wasn’t saying that is something I know is wrong and the
statute is being violated, no question about it. That is not what this was about. So when
you have that, and then on the other hand you have the knowledge you need to make
sure that offenders are ready for reentry, it is a balancing test, I would imagine, for
whoever had this information.311
Former Secretary of Corrections Dan Pacholke shared a similar sentiment in his
testimony:
Well, certainly the core mission of the DOC, at a strategic level, reduction of recidivism
will always be a strategic goal, in the sense of reducing the likelihood that when people
get out that they harm more people, reduce victimization… We [also] are charged with
incapacitation, in keeping people inside the perimeter, consistent with the terms and
conditions of the court. So you have to do these things in tandem, right? I mean, on the
one hand you have to maintain good operations, keep people inside while you are
looking toward recidivism reduction.312
RCW 72.09.010 provides that “it is the intent of the Legislature to establish a
comprehensive system of corrections for convicted law violators within the state of
Washington to accomplish the following objectives. (1) The system should ensure the
public safety. The system should be designed and managed to provide the maximum
feasible safety for the persons and property of the general public, the staff, and the
inmates.” In listing public safety first, the Legislature conveyed the importance of this
objective; however, given the tension described by the two witnesses cited above
regarding public safety and recidivism reduction, it is possible this provision could be
clarified to observe that public safety is the paramount duty of the DOC, irrespective
of other objectives.
12. Restructure information-technology governance at DOC. The Department has
apparently already begun to implement this recommendation to streamline IT
prioritization. This important step should be encouraged legislatively in law or budget.
Under the leadership of former Secretary Eldon Vail, there was a process for IT
prioritization and governance, and this broke down during the Warner administration

311
312

Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.25.
Senate Law and Justice Committee hearing transcript, Feb. 22, 2016, p.49.

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that followed. Under former Secretary Pacholke steps were taken to reinstate a proper
system. These efforts should be continued and supported.

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