U.S. Department of Justice
National Institute of Corrections

Report to the Congress of the United States
on the Activities of the Department of Justice
in Relation to the
Prison Rape Elimination Act
(Public Law 108-79)

September 2007

U.S. Department of Justice
Federal Bureau of Prisons
National Institute of Corrections
320 First Street, NW.
Washington, DC 20534
Alberto R. Gonzales
Attorney General (Retired)
U.S. Department of Justice
Harley G. Lappin
Director
Federal Bureau of Prisons
Morris L. Thigpen
Director
National Institute of Corrections
Larry Solomon
Deputy Director (Retired)
National Institute of Corrections
Dee Halley
Correctional Program Specialist
National Institute of Corrections

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Activities and Accomplishments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Office of Justice Programs (OJP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
National Institute of Justice (NIJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Legislative Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Research Awards and Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
PREA Research Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Legislative Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Expert Panel Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Administrative Survey Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Victim Self-Report Survey Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Coordination Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PREA-Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Review Panel on Prison Rape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Legislative Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Information Gathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Legislative Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Awarding of Protecting Inmates and Safeguarding Communities Grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Other Assistance: BJA Award Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
National Institute of Corrections (NIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Legislative Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Classroom Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Training Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Professional Conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Videoconference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Informational Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Technical Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Other Assistance Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
National Clearinghouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Appendix A: Bureau of Justice Assistance – FY 2006 Protecting Inmates and Safeguarding

Communities Project Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Appendix B: NIC/WCL Project on Addressing Prison Rape: Sample Action Plans . . . . . . . . . 39
Appendix C: PREA Training for Trainers: Training Plan Progress Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Introduction
This is the fourth annual report to Congress mandated by the Prison Rape Elimination Act of
2003 (P.L. 108-79). This report fulfills Section 5(b) of the Prison Rape Elimination Act, which
requires the National Institute of Corrections to submit an annual report to Congress and to the
Secretary of Health and Human Services summarizing the activities of the Department of Justice
regarding prison rape abatement for the preceding calendar year. This report is also being
provided to the Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics as required by the Act.
The first report to Congress summarized the activities of the Department of Justice for fiscal year
2004 (October 2003 – September 2004). This was done because the law was new and it was
important to report on the many significant accomplishments of the Department in the months
after the Act became law. The second report covered the months of October – December 2004
in order to get annual reports on a cycle that matches the statutory mandate of reporting
information by calendar year. This report covers calendar year 2006.

Background
On September 4, 2003, the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA) was signed into law.
The Prison Rape Elimination Act is legislation that establishes a standard of zero tolerance for
rape and sexual assault in any prison, jail, police lockup, or juvenile facility. The law gives
several components within the Department of Justice (DOJ) specific tasks:
• Bureau of Justice Statistics – The PREA requires the Bureau of Justice Statistics
(BJS) to collect, review, and analyze the incidence and effects of prison rape. The
analysis will include “the common characteristics of both victims and perpetrators, and
prisons and prison systems with high incidence rates.”
• Review Panel – The PREA mandates that the Department of Justice create a Review
Panel to conduct hearings on prison rape. The Review Panel will have subpoena power
to call officials who run the three facilities with the highest incidence of prison rape and
the two facilities with the lowest incidence of prison rape in each category of facilities
(prisons, jails, and community corrections).
• National Institute of Corrections – The PREA mandates that the National Institute of
Corrections (NIC) offer training and technical assistance and provide a national
clearinghouse for information. NIC is also required to produce an annual report to
Congress.
• Attorney General’s Office – The Attorney General is authorized to award grants to
States to assist with the implementation of PREA requirements. The Bureau of Justice
Assistance and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) are responsible for the development
and administration of these grant programs.

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In addition, the Attorney General will publish national standards for the detection,
prevention, reduction, and punishment of prison rape. These standards will be developed
and recommended by the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission established
under Section 7 of the PREA.
Note: Because the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission is not part of the Department
of Justice, the activities of that Commission are not included in this report.

Activities and Accomplishments
This report describes the activities and accomplishments of the Office of Justice Programs, the
National Institute of Justice, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Review Panel on Prison Rape,
the Bureau of Justice Assistance, and the National Institute of Corrections with regard to the
requirements of PREA for calendar year 2006.

Office of Justice Programs (OJP)
The Department of Justice’s Office of Justice Programs (OJP) was created to provide leadership
in developing a national capacity to prevent and control crime, administer justice, and provide
assistance to victims of crime. OJP and its various components accomplish this through
partnerships with other Federal agencies and with State and local agencies, as well as through
partnerships with national and community organizations.
Congress included funds for PREA in the FY 2006 OJP appropriation. OJP allocated funds for
the tasks required under PREA in the budgets of the appropriate OJP components. OJP also
made funding available to NIC for PREA activities through an Interagency Agreement between
the two agencies.
The PREA activities of the following components of OJP are described in this report:
• National Institute of Justice
• Bureau of Justice Statistics
• Review Panel on Prison Rape
• Bureau of Justice Assistance

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National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Legislative Mandate
Even though prison rape was an area of significant study prior to PREA, Congress noted in its
findings that “insufficient research” has been conducted and “insufficient data reported.” One of
the purposes for passing the PREA was to “increase the available data and information on the
incidence of prison rape, consequently improving the management and administration of
correctional facilities.”
Section 4 of the PREA mandates the development and implementation of a major research effort.
While a significant portion of the work is to be carried out by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the
Attorney General is also authorized to provide grants to carry out research. NIJ was tasked to
process and award these research grants. The following is a description of NIJ activities in
accordance with this mandate during calendar year 2006.
Research Awards and Activities
New Awards and Activities
In 2006, NIJ made two awards under a solicitation that focused on sexual violence in
correctional facilities as it occurs in the context of overall violence. Dr. Barbara Owens of
California State University (Fresno, CA) will be examining sexual violence and violent behavior
among female offenders at both State prisons and local jails.
A second award was made to Nancy LaVigne of the Urban Institute (Washington, DC). Her
study will use situational crime prevention theories applied to jail settings to assist corrections
practitioners in dealing with violent and sexually violent offenders. Dr. LaVigne will work with
jail administrators to mitigate problems with the physical plant and enhance inmate and staff
protection.
Also in 2006, NIJ engaged in a partnership with the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the Centers
for Disease Control to establish a surveillance system for detecting medical and mental health
indicators of sexual violence. This partnership is initiating a pilot surveillance program in which
medical, dental, and mental health personnel will collect information from inmates who are
presenting to the facility infirmary with symptoms of possible sexual victimization.
Reports from Previous Awards
During the year, NIJ received the final reports for three of its previously awarded research
studies. The Culture of Prison Sexual Violence is the largest ethnographic study of inmates ever
conducted on any topic. The study examined how inmates perceive sexual relations in prison,
including forced sexual engagements. Over 600 interviews were conducted in 30 maximumsecurity prisons for both male and female inmates in 10 States. Inmates were not questioned

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about their personal experiences either as a victim or a perpetrator, but rather were asked
questions about their knowledge of sexual violence in the facility during their incarceration.
Inmates reported that sexual relationships and rape were not defined or considered the same way
by inmates as by individuals in free society. This contributed to the idea that the culture of
prison life is very different from that of the free world. The concepts of coerced and/or forced
sexual behavior are perceived differently in a prison culture, but are similar across all U.S.
prisons. Inmates perceived rape to be a rare occurrence.
The researchers reported that 66 percent of male inmates and 71 percent of female inmates were
aware of sexual relationships between staff and inmates. While all sexual relationships between
correctional staff and inmates are illegal, these estimates included romantic and/or mutually
agreeable relationships. Collectively, 9.1 percent of male and female inmates reported they were
aware of an inmate being raped by a staff member. Thirty-four percent of male inmates and
28 percent of female inmates stated that they knew of an inmate who reported rape to
correctional staff. A high percentage of both male and female inmates indicated that correctional
officers do try to protect inmates from being victimized.
The research yielded many recommendations (encompassing policy development, staff training,
inmate orientation, inmate observation, and direct supervision) that could be implemented by
prison and jail officials. Implementation of these recommendations could contribute to changing
both inmate and institutional cultures.
The recently completed NIJ study Addressing Sexual Violence in Prisons: A National Snapshot
of Approaches and Highlights of Innovative Strategies examined the policies and practices of
State departments of corrections in response to PREA. From 2004 to 2005, 27 States reported
having specific written policies addressing prison sexual violence. Nineteen of these policies
addressed prevention, investigation, response, and victim services. Several States also reported
efforts to involve the medical community in collecting rape kits for evidence, working with local
district attorneys to promote prosecution of offenses, and having invested in training staff to
investigate allegations of sexual misconduct or violence.
In addition, the researchers identified and conducted case studies in 11 States where the overall
approach might provide corrections officials with “the most informative lessons on addressing
sexual violence in prison.” These States were Connecticut, Idaho, Kansas, Maine,
Massachusetts, Minnesota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Utah.
Risk Assessment
NIJ also responded to the needs of corrections professionals by funding the development of risk
assessment instruments to help practitioners identify potential victims and perpetrators of sexual
violence in prison. The basis for these instruments was the examination of official reports of
incidents of sexual violence going back 4 years. The results of this research are reported in
Sexual Violence in the Texas State Prison System (March 2006).
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Despite the Texas system having one of the highest incidence rates of sexual violence in the
country, it also has one of the lowest rates of substantiated cases. Given this extremely low rate
of substantiated cases, it was impossible to construct and validate a risk assessment instrument.
However, researchers were able to identify potential characteristics of victims and perpetrators.
A checklist of the characteristics associated with identifying potential victims or predators was
created and made available with the report.
PREA Research Reports
The Culture of Prison Sexual Violence (November 2006)
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/216515.pdf
Addressing Sexual Violence in Prisons: A National Snapshot of Approaches and Highlights of
Innovative Strategies (October 2006)
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/216856.pdf
Sexual Violence in the Texas State Prison System (March 2006)
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/215774.pdf

Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
Legislative Mandate
In keeping with the Congressional finding of “insufficient research” and “insufficient data
reported,” Section 4 of the PREA tasks BJS with conducting a “comprehensive statistical review
and analysis of the incidence and effects of prison rape.” BJS is charged with several complex
tasks, including to:
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Solicit views from correctional and juvenile authorities, former inmates, victim advocates,
researchers, and other experts;
“Carry out, for each calendar year, a comprehensive statistical report and analysis of the
incidence and effects of prison rape;”
Sample “not less than 10 percent of all Federal, State, and county prisons, and a
representative sample of municipal prisons;”
“Use surveys and other statistical studies of current and former inmates;”
“Not later than June 30 of each year...submit a report...with respect to prison rape, for the
preceding calendar year.”

The following is a description of BJS activities for calendar year 2006 in accordance with this
mandate.
Expert Panel Meetings
On behalf of BJS, the Justice Research Statistics Association organized a national workshop for
the adult prison and jail portion of the PREA data collection efforts in December 2006.
Practitioners, researchers, and other stakeholders and professionals were invited to Washington,
DC, to learn results from the pretest and the national implementation plans for the National
Survey of Inmates. Participants discussed the instrument and data collection, which is conducted

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using Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interview (ACASI), and received a presentation on the
sampling strategy, protocols, and results from testing of the questionnaire.
Administrative Survey Collections
Data from the first round of the Survey of Sexual Violence were published in July 2006. The
report, titled Sexual Violence Reported by Correctional Authorities, 2005, details allegations,
investigations, and outcomes for State prison systems, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and a
national sample of private prisons, local jails, and juvenile facilities. BJS also received
aggregated counts of sexual violence and case-specific information on each substantiated
incident of sexual violence.
Victim Self-Report Survey Collections
BJS has cooperative agreements with three entities to develop, test, and implement ACASI
methodology for prison and jail inmates, youthful offenders in residential placement, and former
inmates on parole supervision.
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Research Triangle International (Raleigh, NC) completed testing of the questionnaire and
began preparation for national implementation of the data collection, including obtaining
approvals from requisite Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and from the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB). BJS expects OMB approval in January 2007, with the data
collection beginning shortly thereafter in a sample of 150 prisons and 300 jails across the
country.
Westat, Inc. (Rockville, MD) completed cognitive testing and began the first wave of testing
of the protocols and instrumentation for self-report data from youthful offenders in
residential placement. A second wave of testing is planned for spring 2007, followed by a
workshop to discuss results and national implementation. The National Survey of Youth in
Custody is expected to begin in early 2008, pending IRB and OMB approvals.
National Opinion Research Center (Chicago, IL) tested the ACASI questionnaire in 16
parole offices at the end of 2006. National implementation of the Survey of Former
Prisoners is expected to begin in October 2007 (pending OMB approval) in 285 parole
offices.

Coordination Efforts
BJS met periodically with the following Federal partners throughout 2006 to discuss PREA
implementation issues:
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National Institute of Justice
National Institute of Corrections
Bureau of Justice Assistance
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Office of Civil Rights
National Prison Rape Elimination Commission

BJS personnel made presentations about the implementation of PREA at the following
professional conferences during 2006:

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American Correctional Association
Association of State Correctional Administrators
American Jail Association
Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators
American Probation and Parole Association
Justice Research and Statistics Association

PREA Related Publications
Sexual Violence Reported by Correctional Authorities, 2004 (July 2005)
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/svrca04.htm
Sexual Violence Reported by Correctional Authorities, 2005 (July 2006)
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/svrca05.pdf
Sexual Violence Reported by Correctional Authorities, 2006 (August 2007)
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/svrca06.pdf

Review Panel on Prison Rape
Legislative Mandate
The PREA mandates that the Bureau of Justice Statistics collect, review, and analyze data about
the incidence and effects of prison rape; identify common characteristics of victims, perpetrators,
prisons, and prison systems; and rank the institutions surveyed according to the incidence of
prison rape in each. To assist the Bureau with these tasks, the Act established a Review Panel on
Prison Rape. The Panel consists of three members appointed by the Attorney General in
consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services. The Panel is required to hold
public hearings each year concerning the operation of the three prisons with the highest
incidence and the two prisons with the lowest incidence of prison rape.
Information Gathering
Although the institution rankings were not available in calendar year 2006, the Review Panel
held its first hearing at the California State Prison in Sacramento, CA, from November 14-15,
2006. The purpose was to gather information to assist the Panel in formulating the questions it
will ask of the ranked facilities in an effort to discern best practices in deterring prison rape.
The agenda consisted of eight panels made up of corrections administrators and staff, advocates,
a rape victim, medical and mental health practitioners, researchers, and union officials.
Witnesses were asked to prepare written statements and offer testimony guided by the following
questions:
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What factors and environments are and are not conducive to deterrence of sexual assault in
prison?
Which system protocols and policies require examination?
Which staff positions in such a system would be key witnesses?
How should one scrutinize the training of correctional officers and medical staff on prison
rape?
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What are the likely barriers to reporting, accurately investigating, and deterring prison rape?
How should one assess the role of the correctional officers’ union in deterrence of prison
rape?

Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Legislative Mandate
A major reason for the enactment of PREA was to provide a means to overcome (1) the harmful
effects on the victims of prison rape, (2) the disruption to institution operations, and (3) the
demands placed on the communities to which these victims return. To help ensure that
budgetary constraints and reduced spending on corrections at the State and local government
levels do not compromise efforts to “protect inmates and safeguard communities,” Section 6 of
the PREA authorizes the Attorney General to award grants to the States, the District of
Columbia, and all United States territories and possessions for personnel, training, technical
assistance, data collection, and equipment.
The PREA specified that applicants meet three requirements: (1) grant awards were to be made
for a period of not more than 2 years; (2) awards must include a 50-percent match by the
applicant; and (3) awards must not exceed $1,000,000. The PREA stipulated that the application
is to include: (1) a certification that the State has adopted or, depending on the date of the
application, will consider adopting all national prison rape standards promulgated under the Act;
and (2) a description of the preventive, prosecutorial, or administrative activities to be
undertaken using the grant funds. In addition, the PREA prescribed requirements for reports at
the end of the grant period.
The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) provides a range of services to the criminal justice field
with the goal of making communities safer. These services include BJA provides training,
technical assistance, information, and funding to State and local justice programs. BJA was
given the task of administering the PREA grants. The BJA designed and requested proposals for
the Protecting Inmates and Safeguarding Communities Discretionary Grant Program.
The following is a description of BJA activities in accordance with this mandate during calendar
year 2006.
Awarding of Protecting Inmates and Safeguarding Communities Program Grants
The purpose of the Protecting Inmates and Safeguarding Communities Program is to provide
funding to correctional agencies to develop new initiatives and/or supplement existing programs
aimed at preventing sexual abuse. In keeping with PREA, the goal is the elimination of prison
rape in correctional facilities. BJA awarded grants to 16 recipients during the fourth quarter of
calendar year 2004. Following is a list of the 16 recipients and the amounts of the grant awards:
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California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Colorado Department of Corrections
Idaho Department of Corrections
Iowa Department of Corrections
Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections
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$ 500,000
$ 254,455
$ 370,784
$1,000,000
$ 998,646

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Michigan Department of Corrections
Missouri Department of Corrections
Nebraska Department of Correctional Services
New Jersey Department of Corrections
New York State Department of Correctional Services
Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections
Rhode Island Department of Corrections
Texas Department of Criminal Justice
Vermont Department of Corrections
Washington State Department of Corrections

$1,000,000
$ 688,330
$ 197,207
$ 602,207
$1,000,000
$ 542,080
$ 580,312
$ 599,090
$1,000,000
$ 361,967
$1,000,000

In 2006, a competitive grant announcement was published for the Protecting Inmates and
Safeguarding Communities Program and applications were received in February 2006. Through
the spring and summer months, the applications were reviewed, discussed, and ranked and award
recommendations were developed. Once approved, 29 PREA grants were awarded. Following
is a list of the recipients and the amounts of the grant awards:
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Arkansas Department of Corrections
Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Colorado Department of Corrections
Delaware Department of Correction
Florida Department of Corrections
Idaho Department of Corrections
Indiana Department of Corrections
Kansas Department of Corrections
Kentucky Department of Corrections
Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections
Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services
Minnesota Department of Corrections
Missouri Department of Corrections
Montana Department of Corrections
North Carolina Department of Corrections
Nebraska Department of Correctional Services
New Hampshire Department of Corrections
Ohio Department of Youth Services
Oregon Department of Corrections
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections
Puerto Rico Department of Corrections
South Dakota Department of Corrections
Tennessee Department of Corrections
Texas Department of Criminal Justice
Virginia Department of Corrections
Vermont Department of Corrections
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$ 686,028
$1,000,000
$ 500,000
$ 464,785
$ 720,990
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$ 637,786
$ 999,905
$1,000,000
$ 981,437
$ 617,961
$ 704,285
$ 586,538
$ 442,364
$ 559,023
$ 447,083
$1,000,000
$ 994,940
$1,000,000
$ 973,656
$1,000,000
$ 964,461
$ 567,709
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000

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Wisconsin Department of Corrections
Wyoming Department of Corrections

$ 561,300
$ 178,400

Summaries of these grant proposals can be found in Appendix A.
Other Assistance: BJA Award Summaries
In addition to awarding grants to correctional agencies to help them address prison rape, BJA
made funding available for the development and delivery of PREA-related resources and
assistance. The products and services resulting from these awards will not only benefit BJA’s
grant recipients, but will also supplement and enhance the work being done by the other PREA
Federal partners.
Lock-up Technical Assistance and Training ($250,000)
The Center for Innovative Public Policies, Inc. (CIPP) received an award to provide training and
technical assistance to officials who administer lock-ups and are seeking to improve their
policies, procedures, and practices related to the prevention of sexual assault and rape in their
facilities. The goal is to develop sound practices that can be replicated in other jurisdictions.
This award will provide direct assistance to officials who administer lock-ups and will allow for
the development of resources and materials that can be provided to requesters nationwide.
Section 10 of the PREA defines a police lock-up as:
A temporary holding facility of a Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency
to hold (A) inmates pending bail or transport to jail; (B) inebriates until ready for
release; or (C) juveniles pending parental custody or shelter placement.
These facilities are numerous and are generally thought of as serving more of a law enforcement
function than a corrections operation. Consequently, their administrators are often not aware of
PREA or the resources available to help them address sexual assault in these facilities.
The CIPP will develop training packages and a guidebook for lock-ups on sexual assault and
rape.
Education of Prosecutors and Judges ($300,000)
Prosecutors often do not fully understand the role correctional agencies play in working to
eliminate prison rape. Some believe that institution sex crimes are behavioral problems that
should be addressed by the institution and not through criminal proceedings. In addition to a
general reluctance to prosecute sexual assaults occurring in prison, it is sometimes difficult to
approach prosecutors due to the fragmented nature of county governments.
The American Prosecutors Research Institute and the National Judicial College received an
award to develop materials to educate prosecutors and the judiciary about PREA and the
importance of protecting the public by ensuring that perpetrators of institution rape and sexual
assault are held responsible for their crimes.
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These entities will develop an online interactive education program for prosecutors and judges
regarding their role as it pertains to prison rape and sexual assault.
Education of Community Corrections Agencies ($172,000)
Because many in the field of community corrections believe PREA does not affect them, there is
a need to educate probation, parole, pre-trial and other community corrections agencies about
PREA and its impact on their operations. It is also important to identify what some community
corrections agencies are doing in response to PREA.
The American Probation and Parole Association received an award to work in conjunction with
the International Community Corrections Association and Pretrial Services Resource Center to
develop materials in this area.
These organizations will develop a guidebook that outlines the impact of PREA on community
corrections agencies, materials describing how agencies can work to prevent sexual assault and
rape in their facilities and programs (including contracted services), and training and technical
assistance packages for community corrections agencies.
Victims Issues Related to Prison Rape and Sexual Assault ($250,000)
Offenders who suffer a sexual assault while under confinement are victims of a crime.
Corrections officials must ensure that their needs are addressed and that they are protected from
further assaults.
Justice Solutions is a nationally recognized victim advocacy organization with the experience
and capacity to develop materials to help correctional agencies assist offenders who are victims
of sexual assault. In conjunction with the Medical University of South Carolina, Justice
Solutions is tasked with: (1) developing programs to assist victims of sexual assault during their
incarceration and after release; (2) addressing post-traumatic stress and other mental health
issues; (3) addressing health issues such as STDs, HIV, and hepatitis C; (4) identifying where
gaps in assistance to sexual assault victims might exist; (5) identifying promising practices
related to assisting offenders who are sexually assaulted while confined; and (6) addressing
agency culture and attitudes toward offender sexual assault and rape.
Justice Solutions will develop documents and publications to communicate practices that
agencies can use to assist victims of sexual assault while confined. Examples of such products
include a guidebook for agencies to provide assistance to victims; educational pamphlets for
staff and victims that outline actions to be taken when an assault occurs; website publications for
corrections and law enforcement officials, victim assistance agencies, and victim advocates; and
training materials.

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PREA Tribal Assistance ($257,178)
The Council of State Governments and the American Probation and Parole Association, in
conjunction with the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Office
of Justice Services, is working to develop culturally-appropriate guidelines and products to help
tribal leaders and correctional facility personnel comply with the provisions of PREA. Initial
drafts are expected to be submitted for review during the summer of 2008.
Bureau of Justice Assistance/National Institute of Corrections Partnership ($500,000)
The Bureau of Justice Assistance entered into a partnership with the National Institute of
Corrections to develop and provide PREA-related training and technical assistance to agencies in
juvenile justice systems. The assistance would help these agencies: (1) develop protocols and
policies to implement PREA requirements; (2) prevent, investigate, and document incidents of
sexual assault and rape; and (3) address the needs of juvenile victims of sexual assault and rape.
The assistance is available to juvenile facilities administrators and administrators of adult
facilities that confine juvenile offenders. The assistance is aimed at helping protect juvenile
offenders and the community by better preparing these offenders to address the impact of sexual
assault while confined and as they reenter the community.

National Institute of Corrections (NIC)
Legislative Mandate
The PREA gives NIC three primary tasks:
• Training and Education – NIC will provide periodic training and education programs
for Federal, State, and local authorities responsible for the prevention, investigation, and
punishment of prison rape.
• National Clearinghouse – NIC will provide information and assistance to Federal, State,
and local authorities responsible for the prevention, investigation, and punishment of
instances of prison rape.
• Reports – By the end of September of each year, NIC will submit a report to Congress and
to the Director of Health and Human Services summarizing the activities of the Department
of Justice regarding prison rape abatement. This report shall be available to the Director of
the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
The following is a description of NIC activities in accordance with this mandate during 2006.
Classroom Training
During 2006, NIC provided training on staff sexual misconduct and offender-on-offender sexual
abuse under a cooperative agreement award to American University’s Washington College of
Law in Washington, DC.
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Addressing Staff Sexual Misconduct with Offenders
NIC has offered training on staff sexual misconduct at American University every year since
1998. The program that was conducted March 12-17, 2006, provided updated information on
the activities being conducted under the Prison Rape Elimination Act and incorporated a new
module on the medical implications of staff sexual misconduct into the curriculum. Twentyseven participants representing prisons and jails from the States of Georgia, Nebraska,
Wyoming, Washington, Missouri, Arizona, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, and the United States
Territory of Guam attended the training.
The training included the following topics: an overview of PREA, developing definitions,
understanding State laws, developing policy, training components and considerations,
management and operational practices, understanding agency culture, gender differences, media
issues, conducting investigations, medical issues, human resources, and legal considerations of
prison rape and cross gender supervision. Participants worked in teams to discuss the various
issues and develop strategies and action plans to address their particular concerns related to staff
sexual misconduct. Evaluations of the program were very positive.
Office of the Inspector General: Investigating Allegations of Staff Sexual Misconduct with
Offenders
Investigators from the Department of Justice Office of the Inspector General (OIG) are
responsible for investigating allegations of staff sexual misconduct in facilities operated by the
Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP). In late 2005 and early 2006, NIC began discussions with
Smith Consulting about working collaboratively with the OIG and the BOP to plan and deliver a
training program for these investigators. The program was hosted by NIC’s project on
Addressing Prison Rape at American University, Washington College of Law, June 6-8, 2006.
Thirty participants attended the program. The group was comprised of Special Agents in Charge,
Special Agents from OIG field offices, and Special Agents from the BOP’s Office of Internal
Affairs. In addition to receiving training, some participants also served as subject matter experts
during discussions on building relationships with community agencies and developing
investigative techniques.
Training topics included: the implications of PREA for the OIG, prohibited conduct, managing
vulnerable victims, covert operations, building relationships, issues concerning DNA,
investigative techniques, legal liability, prosecution and the courts, alternatives to prosecution,
and ethics.
Overall, the training was very successful. The most favorable responses related to modules that
offered tangible tools for investigating allegations and prosecuting substantiated cases of staff
sexual misconduct with offenders.

13

Investigating Allegations of Staff Sexual Misconduct with Offenders
From July 9-14, 2006, NIC provided training at the American University’s Washington College
of Law on investigating allegations of staff sexual misconduct. Based on the experience gained
from the training for the OIG investigators, NIC incorporated modules on DNA issues and
medical implications of staff sexual misconduct into the program.
Feedback received from previous training programs and from prosecutors contributing to another
NIC project indicated the need to involve prosecutors in training regarding the investigative
process. To that end, each participating agency was required to add a prosecutor to its applicant
team.
Three special group sessions were held for the prosecutors. During these sessions, participants
discussed critical issues for prosecutors, the role of investigators, barriers to successful
prosecutions, tools for prosecutors, what prosecutors need from corrections, overcoming barriers
using other legal tools, and recommendations for future training.
Participants represented Allegheny County, PA; the West Virginia Regional Jail Authority; and
the Departments of Corrections in Kansas, Wyoming, Oregon, and Nebraska.
The training included the following topics: an overview of PREA, understanding State laws and
investigation procedures, training for investigators in a correctional setting, investigative
policies, medical implications of staff sexual misconduct with offenders, investigative
techniques, DNA issues, the role of prosecutors in cases of staff sexual misconduct with
offenders, operational practices and investigations, gender differences, managing vulnerable
victims, media issues, agency culture, legal liability and investigations, and human resource
issues in investigating staff sexual misconduct.
Participants from each of the above sessions were asked to develop action plans. Attachment B
contains sample action steps from several of these plans. The quality of the training was rated as
“very high” by the participants.
PREA: Training for Trainers
Participants at the PREA Regional Meetings held in December 2004 and 2005 were asked what
they believed would be the most useful services or tools NIC could provide under the PREA
Initiative. Participants identified the education of staff trainers as an important strategy. This
would enable agencies to provide the large amount of staff and inmate training required to
implement PREA.
Under a cooperative agreement, The Moss Group, Inc., developed a two-and-a-half day
“training-for-trainers” program designed to assist State correctional systems build the capacity to
train staff and inmates on PREA-related issues. To ensure the most effective use of resources,
two regional programs were offered. The first was held in Atlanta, GA, from September 26-28,
2006, and the second in Portland, OR, from October 3-5, 2006. Thirty-one two-person teams
14

attended the two programs. Participants were nominated by the Chief Executive Officer of their
agency. The teams were comprised of a senior-level administrator with the ability to influence
policy and training and a line-level trainer charged with the development, delivery, and
oversight of PREA training. Two-person teams representing the States of Alabama, Arkansas,
Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina,
North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee,
Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming, and West Virginia attended the two programs.
Participants examined their values related to sexual abuse in prison in preparation to address the
values of staff in their agencies. The teams used NIC informational videos and facilitator guides
to come up with the best methods of delivering information about PREA, integrating agency
policy and practices into their presentations, anticipating and developing responses to difficult
questions they might be asked, and developing action plans to implement their training
curriculum. Participants were given the opportunity to prepare and present “teach-back”
sessions with the faculty acting as coaches and providing immediate feedback.
Participants were also asked to develop a Training Action Plan to list their goals and to estimate
what their progress would be toward meeting those goals 90 days after competing the program.
A total of 165 goals were identified and collapsed into 13 categories. The top three goals were:
(1) providing information to the administration and staff about PREA and sexual assault,
(2) conducting pre-service and in-service orientation and training for staff, and (3) reviewing and
updating policy and procedures. A follow-up assessment indicated that, in most cases,
participants had exceeded their estimated progress.
Participants were asked to estimate the number of staff and inmates that would be affected by
their participation in the training. The participants estimated they would reach over 5,500 staff
and 17,000 inmates. Participants were quite complimentary of the program content and believed
they gained significant knowledge on all training objectives.
A follow-up assessment was conducted regarding the progress participants had made
implementing their Training Action Plans. Attachment C contains progress summaries from
several of the teams.
Training Development
Planning for two training programs titled: Addressing Staff Sexual Misconduct with Youth in
Custody and Responding to Inmate on Inmate Sexual Violence began during 2006 under the
NIC/Washington College of Law project on Addressing Prison Rape.
Three focus groups were held to gather input for the training programs. The groups were
comprised of corrections practitioners from adult and juvenile agencies; offender advocates;
representatives from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the National
Prison Elimination Commission, and NIC; individuals conducting research on PREA-related
topics; representatives from professional organizations; attorneys; and a juvenile court judge.

15

Following are some examples of the questions the participants were asked to address:
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Put yourselves in the role of a correctional administrator, what would you expect to gain?
What does cross-training look like?
What should be included in the curriculum for the module on human sexuality?
What do administrators need to know about culture in the youth correctional context?
How do you sell collaboration?
Who is the ideal trainer?
Will correctional administrators be the best group or do we need to include other
stakeholders?
What does a block of training on gender differences look like?
Do we need a tool to assess the culture of inmate-on-inmate rape in facilities?
What is important about the legal landscape in a curriculum?
What are the differences between a staff sexual misconduct curriculum and an inmate-oninmate sexual assault curriculum?
What are the critical hot button issues?
How do you create commitment?
What competencies do you want in a faculty?

The development of materials for both programs began toward the end of 2006.
Professional Conferences
NIC presented a number of workshops at meetings and conferences sponsored by a variety of
professional correctional organizations. These workshops provided an opportunity to
disseminate information about PREA and its requirements, including staff sexual misconduct, as
well as to gain input from the field. During calendar year 2006, NIC provided training and
information at the following events:
American Correctional Association Winter Meeting
Nashville, Tennessee
January 30, 2006
Prison Rape Elimination Act: Working the Investigations
Legal Considerations in Addressing Allegations of Prison Rape
American Jail Association - 25th Annual Training Conference and Jail Expo 2006
Salt Lake City, Utah
May 21, 2006
Prison Rape Elimination Act/Investigating Sexual Assault Allegations in Jail Settings
Investigations Focus Group Meetings
National Sheriff’s Association
Orlando, Florida
June 16-22, 2006
Presentations before the following committees: Major County Sheriff’s Association; Western
States Sheriff’s Association; Legislative Committee; Legal Advisors Section; Committee of

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State Association Executive Directors; Standards, Ethics, Education and Training Committee;
and the Accreditation, Detentions, and Corrections Committee.
American Correctional Association - 136th Congress of Correction
Charlotte, North Carolina
August 15, 2006
Prison Rape Elimination Act: The Impact on Juvenile Corrections
Association of Women Executives
Phoenix, Arizona
September 11, 2006
When Professional Boundaries Are Challenged
Videoconference
NIC has used videoconferencing as a way to disseminate information and provide training to
large numbers of practitioners on a wide variety of topics. These productions range from 3-hour
sessions designed primarily to disseminate information to sessions that span several days and
include both on-air time and targeted off-air activities. The conferences follow a one-way video,
two-way audio format. Participants attend the conference at specified downlink sites around the
country. NIC provides materials to site coordinators and instructions to help facilitate sessions
after the presentation. During the broadcast, viewers are encouraged to call, e-mail, or fax
questions to the studio. Conference presenters can then respond to these questions while on air.
More recently, these conferences have been webcast over the Internet, allowing participants to
view them at their desktop computers.
The first broadcasts, How PREA Affects You (held on July 21, 2004) and Assessing Your
Agency’s Response to Prison Sexual Assault (held on January 26, 2005, and on January 27,
2005) reached several hundred sites and an estimated 10,000 participants.
NIC presented its third videoconference, Preventing Sexual Abuse of Children and Youth in
Custody, on June 28, 2006. Presenters represented several perspectives on issues related to
sexual assault in juvenile correctional facilities and included individuals from the legal
profession, juvenile corrections, and from Federal and State juvenile justice agencies. The goal
of the video conference was to introduce participants to:
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The requirements of the Prison Rape Elimination Act aimed at preventing, addressing, and
providing sanctions for the abuse of children and youth under the care of juvenile and other
custodial authorities.
Legal matters and other implications when the sexual abuse of children and youth in custody
are not addressed appropriately.
Best practices to begin developing policies, procedures, and practices to prevent and address
the sexual abuse of children and youth in custody.
Salient provisions in the Act applicable to facilities used for the custody and care of juveniles
and an action plan for implementing PREA in these settings.

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Through pre-recorded video segments, participants heard from the Director of the Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Executive Director of the Child Welfare
League of America, the Chairman of the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission,
representatives from the National Center for Children and Families, officials from BJS and NIC,
and leaders in corrections. The broadcast reached 602 sites and an estimated 18,150 participants.
Informational Videos
For several years, NIC has used video productions to reach large numbers of corrections and
justice professionals. This strategy is cost-effective, can be implemented relatively quickly, and
is well suited to disseminating information about the PREA. The first video production, titled
Facing Prison Rape, provided an introduction to the PREA, conveyed the importance of the law,
and discussed the issues that led to passage of the law.
In April 2005, NIC began distribution of it second video production titled Responding to Prison
Rape. The purpose of this video is to introduce viewers to a systemic approach to implementing
effective practices in response to PREA. It is designed for staff in a variety of correctional
settings and their unique issues and concerns, and it encourages prison, jail, and community
corrections personnel, as well as other corrections professionals, to evaluate existing policies,
training materials, operational practices, and investigative strategies to comply with the PREA.
The video provides effective strategies for managers, supervisors, and line staff to eliminate
sexual assault and misconduct in correctional settings. The video and its accompanying
Facilitator’s Guide can be used in a variety of ways depending on an agency’s objectives. The
program can be used as a brief introduction to the topic or as part of a comprehensive program in
preventing sexual assault.
Both of these productions continue to be requested by corrections officials. In 2006, NIC
distributed 4,826 copies of Facing Prison Rape and Responding to Prison Rape with their
accompanying materials. They were packaged in a variety of ways and distributed at meetings,
conferences, workshops and technical assistance events. Copies were provided in response to
requests received by the NIC PREA Program Manager. Additional copies were distributed by
the NIC Information Center (see the section titled National Clearinghouse, Direct Responses to
Requests for Information.)
In January 2006, production was completed on a series of videos designed to educate inmates on
the issue of sexual abuse in prison. The videos inform offenders about PREA, prevention and
intervention strategies, reporting rights, and implementation procedures. The videos help
inmates understand the circumstances in which sexual assault may occur and ways to respond in
the event they become involved in a sexual situation with other inmates or staff. Because the
dynamics of prison sexual assault differ with gender, NIC produced versions of the video titled
Speaking Up: Discussing Prison Sexual Assault for male and female inmates. The videos were
produced in English and Spanish and accompanied by Facilitator’s Guides. The guide instructs
practitioners on the most productive use of the video.
Copies were provided to the 50 State departments of corrections and the Federal Bureau of
Prisons. The video series was shown at various conference workshops and technical assistance

18

events throughout the year. At the end of 2006, 807 copies of Speaking Up: Discussing Prison
Sexual Assault had been distributed in 13 States.
Technical Assistance
NIC has provided technical assistance to correctional agencies for over 30 years. Technical
assistance includes informational presentations, written materials, training events (ranging from
4-hour workshops to multi-phased programs presented over several weeks), and targeted
assistance tailored to a requester’s specific needs. For technical assistance regarding PREA, NIC
has assembled a cadre of individuals with expertise in all areas that the law addresses, including:
investigation of sexual assaults, male inmate violence, medical and mental health care, legal
issues, institution operations, community corrections, faith-based programs and resources, staff
sexual misconduct, and research and evaluation design. Expertise is added as required to meet
specific technical assistance needs.
Requests for technical assistance with regard to PREA have increased steadily since the law was
enacted. These requests fall into four broad categories: (1) informational assistance, (2) training,
(3) systemic planning, and (4) assessment and intervention. NIC provided 32 technical
assistance events during 2006. Most of the requests were for information and training.
The informational assistance events included presentations at professional conferences and
meetings designed to provide a general overview of the PREA, noting that the law addresses
both staff sexual misconduct and inmate-on-inmate sexual assault, describing its potential impact
on the correctional agency, and reporting on the roles of the various Federal agencies tasked with
its successful implementation. Following are a list of agencies and a description of the
assistance provided by NIC:
Agencies Receiving Informational Assistance
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National Organization of Hispanics in Criminal Justice
Texas Youth Commission
National Partnership for Juvenile Services/Training Institute
Southern States Correctional Association
Women Working in Corrections and Juvenile Justice
National Association of Wardens and Superintendents
Federal Bureau of Prisons North Central Region Juvenile Contractors
California Association of Probation Institution Administrators
National Partnership for Juvenile Services/National Symposium
South Carolina Corrections Association
California Chicano Correctional Workers Association
New England Council on Crime and Delinquency
Kansas Correctional Association
Idaho Correctional Association
Oregon Juvenile Detention Directors Association
International Community Corrections Association
Texas Juvenile Probation Commission

19

<
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Virginia Compensation Board
Utah Sheriff’s Association

Training Assistance
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Maryland Department of Corrections: Training was conducted for 17 administrators and the
Deputy Director for Operations.
Virginia Department of Corrections: A 1-day training session was conducted for 160
Department executives.
Massachusetts Department of Corrections: Training was conducted during an Executive
Summit for 60 key stakeholders, followed by a symposium involving 225 participants.
Management and Training Corporation: Training was conducted for 50 private sector
wardens.
Oregon Department of Corrections: Two 2½-day training sessions were conducted for Sexual
Assault Response Team members.
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections: A 2½-day training session was conducted for 100
psychologists and captains.
Wisconsin Department of Corrections: A 1-day training session was conducted for the union
presidents from all institutions. This was followed by a work session to plan informational
workshops for sheriffs and jail administrators.
Kansas Department of Corrections: NIC paid for two Department staff to travel to Wyoming
to observe that State’s approach to integrating PREA into their classification process for the
purpose of adapting it to the Kansas system.
Idaho Department of Corrections: NIC provided facilitators for a planning and assessment
meeting held to assist the Department in developing a training program for investigators.

Systemic Planning Assistance
The systemic planning assistance events were more complex and often required multiple site
visits. These events were designed to assist agencies in the development of action plans,
administrative structures, and policy and procedures to clarify and guide their efforts to
implement the requirements of the PREA. Following are descriptions of these events:
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Hawaii Department of Public Safety
A meeting was conducted to help Department officials begin to identify, assess, and plan for
their future needs regarding PREA implementation.

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Kansas Department of Corrections
Assistance was provided to the Department in its development of an instrument to be used
during the classification and assessment process to help identify potential victims of sexual
assault and/or potential predators.

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Kentucky Department of Corrections
The Department requested the assistance of Eastern Kentucky University in the development
of a comprehensive review of the tasks and duties of investigators charged with conducting
sexual assault investigations and a job profile of sexual assault investigators in adult
20

correctional facilities. NIC brought together investigators from nine agencies to review
previously-developed job profiles and to work with representatives from the Department and
Eastern Kentucky University on the updated and more detailed job profile. In addition to
helping the Department with staff selection and training for these positions, the job analysis
has been posted on the NIC website to assist other correctional agencies.
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Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services
In 2005, the Department had conducted agency-wide PREA awareness training and the
Deputy Secretary had established 11 working groups to address various aspects of PREArelated implementation. NIC provided technical assistance to help members develop action
plans to address the tasks assigned to each group. In 2006, NIC assisted during the
Department’s review of the progress of these groups and its implementation of the overall
PREA plan.

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Texas Youth Commission
NIC provided assistance to the Commission’s Executive Staff by helping headquarters staff,
facility superintendents, deputy superintendents, and other key institution staff develop a
coordinated response to PREA implementation.

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Wisconsin Department of Corrections
The Department has made extensive use of NIC’s training and technical assistance resources
since the passage of PREA. The Department has a full-time PREA Coordinator and has
developed a comprehensive plan for the implementation of the requirements of the law. In
2005, NIC provided technical assistance to personnel representing adult institutions,
community corrections, and juvenile services to facilitate discussions aimed at defining the
parameters and specific goals for an action plan to implement the requirements of PREA.
This work continued in 2006 with a 2-day session aimed at addressing systemic issues.
Participants included wardens, deputy wardens, superintendents, assistant superintendents,
and security officers. Following are some of the recommendations coming out of this
meeting:
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Appoint a PREA “point person” for the juvenile and the community corrections
systems.
Ensure more collaboration and communication between the adult and juvenile
systems.
Involve line staff as much as possible (e.g., helping to conduct training, conducting
vulnerability assessments, and developing policy).
Conduct specialized training with union leaders.
Conduct separate training for prosecutors.

Assessment/Intervention
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King County, Washington
NIC helped King County conduct a comprehensive organizational assessment after some
serious allegations of staff sexual misconduct. Several management and operational areas
were reviewed, including leadership, internal communications, training, data collection and
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management, human resources, health and medical processes, investigations, and inmate
management. Recommendations were made under each of the specific areas mentioned
above; and additional recommendations addressed future training, policy development and
review, and the best use of resources.
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Vermont Department of Corrections
Building on earlier technical assistance that addressed systemic planning NIC helped the
Vermont Department of Corrections perform culture assessments of the Department’s
institution for female inmates and the Central Office.

PREA Law and Policy Committee
As NIC’s technical assistance provider on PREA-related issues, the Moss Group, Inc., has been
asked to perform policy reviews. In response, the Moss Group established a Law and Policy
Committee to assist State and local correctional agencies in addressing the issue of sexual
contacts and sexual assaults and in the development of policies in response to PREA. As part of
its efforts, the Committee developed a policy guide titled Prison Rape Elimination Act:
Considerations for Policy Review. The guide explores areas such as policy organization,
definitions, a zero-tolerance standard, the duty to report, prevention strategies, and conducting
investigations.
Agencies that have existing policies and that contact NIC requesting assistance are provided a
copy of the guide and asked to use it to assess the adequacy of their policies and make any
revisions they believe are necessary. When this has been accomplished, NIC encourages these
agencies to apply for technical assistance in the form of a policy review.
In 2006, policy reviews were completed for the following agencies:
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Iowa Department of Corrections
California Department of Corrections
Texas Youth Commission
Arizona Department of Corrections
Pennington County South Dakota Sheriff’s Office
Allegheny County Pennsylvania Bureau of Corrections
Montgomery County Maryland Department of Correction and Rehabilitation

Other Assistance Activities
The bulk of NIC’s assistance to the field takes the form of training and assistance tailored to
meet an agency’s specific needs. However, the scope and visibility of the PREA and related
issues has expanded these traditional strategies.
State Legislation
When NIC began its work in providing training and technical assistance regarding the prevention
of staff sexual misconduct, only a few States had legislation specifically prohibiting sexual
interaction between correctional staff and offenders. Over the past several years, most States
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have passed legislation addressing staff sexual misconduct. While the Institute cannot claim sole
responsibility, the increased awareness generated by the NIC’s training and assistance efforts
undoubtedly have contributed to the passage of such laws.
In 2006, Vermont (the only remaining State without such a law) passed legislation making it a
criminal offense to engage in a sexual act with a person who the employee, contractor, or other
person providing services knows is confined to a correctional facility or is on parole, on
probation, under a community sentence, or on furlough. A violation of this statute carries a
penalty of up to 5 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000.
Many States have had staff sexual misconduct laws in place for several years. In some instances
States prosecuted cases only to find that their laws have gaps or weaknesses. It might be that
select groups who work with and provide services for inmates are not covered under the law.
In addition, some laws apply only to acts committed against offenders who are incarcerated in
institutions, but not to those under other types of correctional supervision.
Prosecutions
The prosecution of incidents is critical to addressing the problem of sexual assault in prison. The
importance of the issue is evidenced by a mandate for the National Prison Rape Elimination
Commission to develop standards addressing:
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The investigation and resolution of rape complaints by responsible prison authorities, local
and State police, and Federal and State prosecution authorities;
The preservation of physical and testimonial evidence for use in an investigation of the
circumstances relating to the rape; and
The timely and comprehensive investigation of staff sexual misconduct involving rape or
other sexual assault on inmates.

In addition, the law authorizes the Office of Justice Programs to award PREA grant funds to
States for personnel, training, technical assistance, data collection, and equipment to prevent and
prosecute prisoner rape.
The experience of NIC’s staff and technical resource providers over its history of assisting
agencies in addressing staff sexual misconduct also supports the importance of prosecution. As
noted under the discussion of the Investigating Allegations of Staff Sexual Misconduct with
Offenders training program, NIC included prosecutors as participants.
The prosecution of sexual offenses, particularly those that occur in correctional settings, requires
some special knowledge and skills. To assist prosecutors, the NIC/Washington College of Law
Project on Addressing Prison Rape is working with prosecutors to develop a report on the
important issues and barriers to successful prosecution of staff sexual misconduct and inmateon-inmate sexual assault.

23

In October 2006, NIC held focus group meetings with Federal and State prosecutors. NIC will
create a report based on these meetings, combined with information from a number of interviews
with prosecutors.
Legal Tool Kit
States have worked over the last decade to pass laws making staff sexual misconduct with
offenders a criminal offense, and by the end of 2006 every State had done so. However, as noted
under State Legislation, these laws vary by State. Some of these laws have gaps and
weaknesses, and prosecutors have used other laws to sanction those involved in sexual
misconduct or sexual assault. The NIC/Washington College of Law Project on Addressing
Prison Rape has undertaken the development of a legal “tool kit” to encourage the use of laws
that explicitly prohibit sexual abuse of those in custody and other broader laws that can assist in
prosecuting prison rape cases and deterring these behaviors.
The focus of the tool kit will be to propose a systematic approach to prosecuting cases of sexual
assault. The tool kit will analyze, discuss, and contrast the approaches that States have taken and
will highlight particularly innovative approaches. To make the project more concrete, the tool
kit will examine well-written laws from 10 States and will analyze their specific tools for
prosecution. The tool kit will also provide information on how States can develop their own
prosecution tool kits.
For several years, the Project has updated and maintained the 50 State Survey of Criminal Laws
Prohibiting the Sexual Abuse of Individuals in Custody. Throughout 2006, Project staff built on
this research to produce various tools that States can use to prosecute cases of sexual assault in
prison. At the end of 2006, the following State surveys had been completed:
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Sexual assault laws.
Statutory rape laws.
Mandatory reporting laws.
Vulnerable victim statutes.
Sex offender registration laws.

Project staff worked closely with representatives from State corrections and with prosecutors to
ensure the accuracy of the research on the law and practices in each jurisdiction.
NIC/Washington College of Law Project on Addressing Prison Rape Website
Under an earlier cooperative agreement, the NIC/Washington College of Law Project on
Addressing Prison Rape designed a website and titled it An End to the Silence. The website was
completed in May 2006 and contains sections titled PREA, Legal Responses to Prison Rape, For
Correctional Employees, For Offenders, Working with Youth in Custody, Training, Policies and
Procedures, Resources, and In The News. Visitors to the website can view and download
training materials and a variety of documents about prison rape and related issues.

24

The site was continuously reviewed and updated throughout 2006. The Project staff made
enhancements that made the site easier to use, added resources, and added links to other useful
websites.
PREA Information and Training Aids
NIC prepared a significant amount of information and training material for PREA programs and
technical assistance events. Following are three good examples of this material:
Prison Rape Elimination Act and Local Jails: The Facts (May 2006). This is an eight-page
brochure developed for sheriffs and jail administrators. The brochure contains an overview of
the law, its application to jails, information on addressing issues related to sexual assault,
frequently asked questions, and a list of resources.
Staff Perspectives - Sexual Violence in Adult Prisons and Jails: Trends from Focus Group
Interviews (June 2006). NIC developed this bulletin using data collected from corrections
practitioners about PREA and sexual assault in prison. The bulletin contains staff perspectives
in the following areas: policy and culture, the causes and conditions of sexual violence,
indicators of assaults, characteristics of victims and perpetrators, physical plant issues, staff and
inmate training, female offenders, investigations, prosecutions, and community awareness.
Fifty State Survey of Criminal Laws Prohibiting the Sexual Abuse of Individuals in Custody.
NIC began conducting this survey in the late 1990s. The passage of PREA expanded the scope
of the survey and the need to identify other laws related to sexual assault in prison. To date,
surveys have addressed laws prohibiting sexual abuse of person in custody, mandatory reporting
statutes (adult and juvenile), sex offender registry laws, and community notification laws.
Additional Work
NIC personnel also provided assistance by preparing materials regarding anti-fraternization
policies, staff and offender relationships, inmates’ access to health care information, health
concerns for female offenders, sexual relations in prison, penalties for false reporting, and the
application of PREA to various corrections settings. NIC staff and the Institute’s contract
technical assistance providers also provided relevant PREA-related information during
presentations at training programs, meetings, and events that addressed legal issues in working
with female offenders, restorative justice, medical and mental health confidentiality, male
violence, and legal and policy issues related to sexual assault.
Presentations were also made to juvenile corrections practitioners at the National Juvenile Forum
co-sponsored by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) and the
American Correctional Association, and to compliance monitors and state juvenile justice
specialists at two regional training sessions sponsored by OJJDP.

25

Evaluation
A substantial level of funding has been allocated to the implementation of the PREA. It is
important for NIC to evaluate its strategies to ensure corrections officials are receiving relevant
and effective assistance.
In 2006, NIC awarded a cooperative agreement to evaluate the training and assistance provided
through the NIC/Washington College of Law Project on Addressing Prison Rape. The
evaluation includes assessments of the Project’s training activities and of selected products.
The evaluation includes a review of staff sexual misconduct training between 1998 and 2005 in
order to assess:
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Whether participants and technical resource providers understood the principal training goals
and objectives of the Project.
The activities and outputs produced over the 8-year period.
The effects of program activities and outputs on staff who participated in the programs and
on their agencies.
The extent to which the program has succeeded in making progress toward its stated goals
and objectives.

The evaluation also includes a review of current training efforts. NIC will develop instruments
to assess:
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The extent to which the Project’s program and services are meeting the goal of addressing
sexual assault in prison.
The ability of the Project’s programs and activities to overcome the barriers in addressing
sexual assault in prison.
The cost-effectiveness of the Project’s programs and activities.

Finally, the evaluation will assess the effectiveness of training curricula, selected written
products, and the Project’s website. At the end of 2006, NIC coordinated focus groups and
distributed a web-based survey to individuals who had attended staff sexual misconduct training.
NIC also developed pre-test and post-test instruments for the training program, Responding to
Inmate on Inmate Sexual Violence.
National Clearinghouse
The National Institute of Corrections Information Center has served the fields of corrections and
criminal justice for approximately 30 years. Operated by a contractor, the NIC Information
Center provides direct, personalized research assistance and serves as a clearinghouse for
documents and videos produced by NIC. It is one of several points of contact for corrections
practitioners and the public to access information regarding PREA.
To avoid duplication and to capitalize on the awareness and use of the Information Center by
correctional and criminal justice agencies, NIC decided to co-locate the PREA national
clearinghouse service with the NIC Information Center. Throughout 2006, the Information
Center used its research services, collection of documents, website, and practitioner networks to
support the PREA clearinghouse function. In addition, an Information Center program specialist
26

was assigned to manage all requests related to the PREA and issues related to sexual assault in
prison. This individual also reviews and recommends materials for distribution and identifies
materials for training and presentations. This specialist also maintains a blog (weblog) that
features the most current news, information, and publications related to PREA.
PREA Website (http://www.nicic.org/PREA)
The NIC Information Center is responsible for the management of the NIC website. Shortly
after the enactment of PREA, the Information Center developed a separate web page devoted to
the PREA. Posting of information on the PREA web page continued in 2006 and the site was
expanded to incorporate a PREA news blog to facilitate the timely delivery of new information.
The information posted in the blog is copied to the main NIC website, the PREA homepage, and
other related pages. Related events, video conferences, PREA-related programs, technical
assistance opportunities, publications, and other related information are delivered through the
PREA blog. Postings on the blog are made by NIC staff and Information Center staff.
Approximately 35,000 visits to view or download PREA-related resources were made to the
website and the blog in 2006. Practitioners, stakeholders, and other interested parties visited the
PREA website over 2,500 times per month to review or obtain materials addressing PREArelated topics, such as the language of the law; the activities of the Federal agencies involved in
implementation; NIC programs, services, and products; and updates regarding the National
Prison Rape Elimination Commission.
A “Help Desk” provides users with options for obtaining information through links to: Ask a
Colleague (access to forums and support networks), Ask Our Specialists (research assistance
from Information Center staff), and Contact the National Institute of Corrections (addresses,
telephone numbers, and fax numbers). The PREA page also allows users to browse the
collection of documents, offers links to related topics on the NIC site, and provides contact
information for the NIC PREA Program Manager.
At the end of 2006, the Information Center contained 201 resources related to the Prison Rape
Elimination Act or staff sexual misconduct. These resources are primarily operationallyoriented materials developed by correctional agencies or through NIC initiatives. The resources
include NIC's training curricula and broadcasts developed to address sexual assault in prison,
sample lesson plans to guide in the development of additional curricula, and procedures to assist
agencies in developing PREA-related policies. The journal collection contains published articles
that address PREA-related topics. Information Center staff can also access research databases,
such as the Criminal Justice Periodicals Index or Ebsco's Academic Search Premier, for further
searching of thousands of online journals.
Direct Responses to Requests for Information
The Information Center responded to numerous requests for information and PREA-related
resources as outlined below:

27

<
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<
<
<

348 individuals or agencies requested and received 392 sets of Facing Prison Rape - Part 1.
315 individuals or agencies requested and received 432 sets of Responding to Prison Rape Part 2.
79 individuals or agencies requested and received 85 copies of A Town Hall Meeting: Facing
Prison Rape.
89 individuals or agencies requested and received/downloaded 91 copies of Prison Rape
Elimination Act (PREA): Considerations for Policy Review (released December 4, 2006).
228 requests were filled for training curricula addressing staff sexual misconduct with
offenders.

28

Appendix A:
Bureau of Justice Assistance –
FY 2006 Protecting Inmates and Safeguarding
Communities Project Summaries
Arkansas Department of Corrections
The Arkansas Department of Corrections will use the 2006 Protecting Inmates and Safeguarding
Communities award to purchase upgraded surveillance equipment in support of its zerotolerance standard for the prevention of sexual assault and rape in the State’s correctional
facilities. Pursuant to the Act, the Department established policies and procedures that convey a
level of zero-tolerance to ensure the protection of incarcerated offenders and the communities to
which ex-inmate are released. The Department established a PREA Committee to ensure
proactive involvement in the prevention, intervention, investigation, and prosecution of
perpetrators who have sexually assaulted inmates.
To date, the Department has supported this effort by: (1) implementing a sexual assault hot-line
for inmates; (2) training victim crisis response teams in each institution; (3) providing
orientation and continuing education (pamphlets, posters, etc.) on sexual assault awareness,
prevention, and reporting to inmates and correctional staff; (4) segregating high-risk
inmates; and (5) re-assessing facility design for possible monitoring enhancements (e.g., adding
cameras to blind spots and vision panes on solid doors).
During the past 2 years, the Department has increased inmate and staff training, enhanced
investigation techniques and statistical tracking, and augmented victim support services. It
proposes to expand these services to include county and municipal jails and community
corrections agencies. The Department proposes a multi-faceted approach to strengthen the
zero-tolerance standard through the following enhanced awareness and prevention strategies:
(1) increase awareness and reporting of sexual assault through improved orientation; (2) train
staff to become more proactive in prevention measures and crime scene preservation; (3) provide
additional monitoring equipment for increased surveillance; (4) ensure that victim services
address physical and psychological traumas; (5) encourage inmates to disclose sexual assaults
and rape; (6) provide continued community-based services (individual counseling and routine
case management) to inmates preparing for reentry and to the population on parole; and
(7) create comprehensive policies, procedures, and programs governing the detection,
prevention, intervention, and treatment of sexual assaults in the correctional setting.
Alabama Department of Corrections
The Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs, Law Enforcement and Traffic
Safety Division, and the Alabama Department of Corrections will use grant funds to gain a
better understanding of the incidence of sexual assault and to improve the current system for

29

addressing rape and coerced sexual contact. The Alabama Department of Correction will strive
to meet the following goals and objectives: (1) implement its PREA Program FY 2006 in three
to four pilot correctional facilities in the first year of the 2-year grant period; (2) implement the
rape prevention program in all of the Department’s correctional facilities in the second year of
the 2-year project period; (3) select and train nine regional program coordinators to implement
and monitor the program's activities; (4) conduct prison rape and sexual assault prevention
training for the Department’s newly-hired correctional officers; and (5) collect data on the
Department’s incidence of prisoner-on-prisoner and staff-on-prisoner sexual assault.
California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation will use its grant award to enhance
several aspects of its response to the Prison Rape Elimination Act by placing video surveillance
equipment in housing units and living areas in three institutions. There is evidence to indicate
that the most effective method of preventing sexual violence is enhancing security measures.
The security cameras requested in this proposal will be used to help prevent and deter sexual
violence and to improve the investigation and prosecution process. In addition to enhancing the
prevention and deterrent effects, this project will provide empirical data on the gaps in current
security practices and provide a basis for improving operational practice.
Colorado Department of Corrections
Funds for this grant award will help the Colorado Department of Corrections’ Prison Rape
Program to achieve the following goals: (1) improve data collection and analysis to
support effective and responsive prevention efforts; (2) enhance investigations and intelligence
to increase prosecution rates; (3) provide ongoing, advanced PREA training and education;
(4) evaluate the effectiveness of the PREA program in delivering quality services, identifying
victims and predators, and reducing sexual recidivism; and (5) coordinate appropriate services
and treatment for predators and victims, to include medical and mental health services.
Delaware Department of Correction
The Delaware Department of Correction will use the funds to help meet the following goals:
(1) create safer communities and institutions; (2) reduce transmission of infectious diseases;
(3) decrease sexual violence; and (4) prevent new victimization and re-victimization. In
addition, the Department will use the funds to protect inmates by enhancing prevention and
detection of sexual assault. This will be accomplished by providing training, increasing
reporting, strengthening the investigative and prosecution processes, and providing services and
treatment for inmate and staff victims and perpetrators.
Florida Department of Corrections
The Florida Department of Corrections has worked to implement the requirements of PREA by
developing and facilitating internal policies and procedures to educate inmates and staff on
prevention, notification, and investigation of all incidents of sexual misconduct. The
Department recognizes that there are a wide range of concerns to be addressed in preventing and
30

addressing the causes of sexual assault, misconduct, and rape in the Department’s correctional
facilities. Grant funds will be used to focus on the following: (1) retrofitting a youthful offender
facility with surveillance technology to address security and safety needs; (2) enhancing
investigative techniques to elicit sensitive information from victims and perpetrators; and
(3) providing further education and training to staff and inmates throughout the State.
Idaho Department of Correction
The Idaho Department of Correction and the Idaho County Jail, under a 2004 Federal grant,
implemented “Maintaining Dignity,” a project that focused on education efforts for staff and
inmates in Idaho’s correctional institutions. Through this partnership, Idaho’s county jails have
been very active in the process of developing jail standards and providing education to their
staff. This collaboration was an essential piece of the PREA implementation plan because the
Department relies on county jails to confine inmates waiting for space in State facilities and
because both systems serve the same offender population. The goals of this second PREA grant
award are to: (1) identify potential victims; (2) provide staff to work with vulnerable offenders;
(3) enhance data collection capabilities to protect inmates and community; (4) enhance training
of staff on investigation techniques to increase the likelihood of prosecution; and (5) expand
community education to promote awareness and community safety.
Indiana Department of Corrections
This grant award will allow the Indiana Department of Corrections to implement its Prison Rape
Program. The goals of this program are to: (1) identify and assess adult and juvenile offenders
who may be vulnerable to victimization; (2) identify and assess adult and juvenile offenders who
may be sexual predators; (3) develop and administer a sexual victimization survey to a random
sample of adult inmates, juvenile inmates, and parolees; (4) develop an instrument to assess the
sexual climate in the State’s prisons and the community; (5) reinforce a policy of zero tolerance
for sexual violence and staff sexual misconduct in adult and juvenile correctional facilities;
(6) design, develop, and deliver training for investigators, medical and mental health staff, unit
team managers, chaplains, victim services coordinators, volunteers, supervisors, community
corrections staff, and probation officers regarding prison rape, sexual victimization, crisis
response, interventions, investigation, and prosecution; (7) reduce the incidence of inmate-oninmate sexual assault and misconduct; (8) develop partnerships with the community to provide
sexual violence crisis intervention services to inmates and offenders under supervision in the
community; (9) provide GPS monitoring for high-risk sexually-aggressive adult and juvenile
offenders being released to the community; and (10) evaluate the Program’s effectiveness and
efficiency.
Kansas Department of Corrections
The Kansas Department of Corrections believes that protecting inmates is accomplished most
effectively through direct and continuous observation of inmate activity. The Department’s
goal is to enhance inmate and community safety by implementing the following measures:
(1) increase the current surveillance capacity through the installation of closed-circuit television
to deter unlawful, inappropriate behavior and to act as an investigative and prosecutorial tool;
31

(2) reduce inmate-on-inmate violence and improve the overall safety for staff and inmates
through the installation of a wireless radio frequency identification tracking system in the
maximum security area of the correctional facility; (3) establish a team to review current policies
and procedures for responding to sexual assault victims and make recommendations for their
revision or replacement; (4) increase access to transitional planning services for high-risk,
violent offenders being released directly to communities from administrative segregation units in
the El Dorado Correctional Facility; (5) increase the likelihood of successful prosecution of
sexual assaults through enhanced training for sexual assault investigators and working with
prosecutors to improve the preparation of cases; and (6) reduce parole revocations of high-risk,
violent inmates by creating specialized caseloads for violent offenders in the Wichita area.
Kentucky Department of Corrections
The Kentucky Department of Corrections will use the grant funds to implement PREA-related
objectives and to address the issue of prison sexual assault and community safety in several
ways, including: (1) providing training to individuals that work with offenders in prison settings;
(2) implementing an improved classification system to identify inmates at risk of becoming
victims of sexual assault and inmates who may become predators; (3) improving the prevention,
reporting, and investigation of sexual assault by implementing surveillance technologies and
decreasing response times; (4) providing additional “Class D Coordinators” to facilitate the
release of offenders recommended for parole; (5) hiring additional probation and parole officers
to provide increased case management and supervision services; and (6) hiring additional jail
inspectors with special PREA training to help with investigations, training, and technical
assistance at jails and halfway houses.
Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections
The Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections will use the 2006 Protecting Inmates
and Safeguarding Communities award to enhance the programs and strategies that began during
FY 2004 by adding the cities of Alexandria, Lafayette, and Monroe to the existing Reentry
Programs located in Baton Rouge, Shreveport, and New Orleans. The Department proposes to
restore and return inmates to their communities with the ability and support required to become
contributing and productive members of society. The Department will also ensure these
offenders become economic partners in the development and revitalization of the State by
providing assistance to them while incarcerated, when released, and while readjusting to
community living. Grant resources will be used to fund Case Management/Program Specialists
and other related project costs in the expanded areas, providing reentry services to an additional
20 percent of released offenders. As an additional program enhancement, the Department will
contract with social service providers in the faith-based and local communities to provide an
array of services for offenders in need of additional support, training, and counseling to aid in
safe reentry in the Baton Rouge and Shreveport communities.
Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services
The Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services will use grant funding to improve
data collection, investigation, and preventive and deterrent capabilities to meet the requirements
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of PREA. This goal will be achieved through the replacement of manual record-keeping systems
used for investigations of sexual assault and staff sexual misconduct incidents with a unified
management information system. Additionally, the Department will obtain surveillance
equipment for its institutions and personal duress alarms for non-custodial personnel.
Minnesota Department of Corrections
The Minnesota Department of Corrections will collaborate with local jurisdictions and establish
partnerships with non-profit organizations to improve strategies for the prevention of rape, nonconsensual sexual activity, and other forms of sexual abuse in State prisons, local jails, and
holding facilities. The project includes: (1) developing and delivering training to over 2,000
staff in prisons and jails; (2) developing a train-the-trainer educational component for staff in
prisons and local jails; (3) providing intensive training to juvenile offenders in the State prison
system; (4) analyzing and refining risk assessment, housing assignments, and immediate and
long-term victim responses; (5) analyzing facilities to identify areas where there is a high
probability of incidents; and (6) monitoring and recording activity in critical areas to prevent
incidents and provide evidence for improved investigation and prosecution.
Project objectives are to: (1) strengthen investigative strategies leading to the successful
prosecution of incidents of sexual assault; (2) improve assessment of the level of potential risk
for victimization, encouraging appropriate reporting of incidents and immediate and long-term
responses to reported victims; (3) improve prevention strategies in jails and prisons; and
(4) promote the Department’s zero-tolerance policy through awareness and training.
Missouri Department of Corrections
In response to the PREA, the Director of the Missouri Department of Corrections chartered the
Prison Rape Elimination Act Team in 2004. The Team’s mission is to establish an environment
where offenders are safe from sexual victimization during their incarceration. Funding will be
used for equipment, supplies, imaging devices, portable tablet computers, docking stations for
investigators, surveillance equipment, and computers for staff in the Division of Adult
Institutions to review surveillance footage. The updated camera and recording equipment will
aid in the investigation of alleged incidents. The goals are as follows: (1) improve investigation
techniques to serve as a deterrent to staff and inmate sexual misconduct; (2) establish an
environment in which all substantiated sexual assaults are referred and prosecuted; and
(3) improve facilities to reduce or eliminate areas where offenders are vulnerable to sexual
assault.
Montana Department of Corrections
The Montana Department of Corrections is initiating its “Creating a Safer Montana” project to
implement PREA on a statewide basis. The goals are to: (1) promote a zero tolerance
policy; (2) model attitudes of compassion and responsibility; (3) provide comprehensive
education and training to staff and offenders; (4) develop a safe and confidential
communications system; (5) strengthen prevention by expanding investigative capability,
developing staff resources, and installing surveillance and electronic monitoring systems; and
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(6) build a self-sustaining infrastructure for education on the prevention of sexual assault in all
adult facilities. The Department intends to take a systemic approach in applying resources that
will affect the greatest number of inmates.
North Carolina Department of Correction
The North Carolina Department of Correction will take a multifaceted approach to address the
issue of inmate safety by including numerous disciplines and processes such as custody, human
resources, inmate orientation and education, victim support and counseling, medical and mental
health, training, sanctions, classification, false reporting, electronic tracking, data collection and
audits, investigation, prosecution, and prevention. The Department will use its 2006 Protecting
Inmates and Safeguarding Communities grant funds to accomplish the following goals:
(1) eliminate sexual assaults and sexual misconduct through enhancements to the Department’s
prevention practices; (2) enhance the existing system of investigation through training and by
building partnerships with stakeholders; and (3) supplement Victim Services and Counseling by
including an inmate sexual assault component. These goals will be achieved by (1) reviewing
and enhancing current policies and procedures to include clear definitions and expectations of a
zero tolerance standard; (2) hiring a statewide PREA administrator, two regional coordinators,
an administrative secretary, and special contract trainers dedicated to PREA; (3) improving
investigative techniques through collaboration with the State Bureau of Investigation and the
Conference of District Attorneys; (4) collaborating with the medical and law enforcement
communities on appropriate investigative protocols; and (5) installing digital video cameras with
digital “still-frame” technology to help identify predators and victims and to generate a visual
record that can be used as evidence.
Nebraska Department of Correctional Services
The Nebraska Department of Correctional Services will address the issue of inmate sexual
assault by enhancing the identification of victims and perpetrators and by providing best practice
prevention and intervention services to these groups in the prison setting. The Department will
use the 2006 Protecting Inmates and Safeguarding Communities grant funds to refine the
identification, classification, and housing of high-risk groups. The Department will extend the
2003 Serious Violent Offenders Reentry Initiative and the 2004 Protecting Inmates grant by
enhancing the development and validation of an external classification system, a risk assessment
instrument, and a needs assessment instrument to identify violent offenders and target
interventions and transition services for this population. The initiative includes the development
of an internal classification system to assist in identifying and housing inmates who are a high
risk for sexual predation or sexual victimization. The 2006 Protecting Inmates award will fund
seven major enhancements: (1) the use of computer-assisted interviews to increase the disclosure
of sexual assaults and victimizations; (2) the initiation of psychopathy screening and assessments
for all inmates upon initial classification; (3) extending the follow-up period on the internal
classification instrument and the collection of evaluation data; (4) continuing the refinement and
evaluation of the initial sexual predator/victim screening instrument to ensure the validity and
efficacy of the instrument; (5) increasing services for victims and potential victims;

34

(6) expanding interventions for inmates at high risk of sexual predation; and (7) providing
preventive mental health services to inmates who have been identified as being at a high risk for
exploitive and/or impulsive behaviors.
New Hampshire Department of Corrections
Consistent with the overall goal of PREA and the mission of the New Hampshire Department of
Corrections to provide a safe environment for the treatment and rehabilitation of offenders, the
Department proposes to implement Project REAP (Rape Elimination Awareness Project). The
Project is a comprehensive approach to eliminating sexual assault in prison. The Project
incorporates a “zero-tolerance” standard and includes efforts toward achieving a culture
characterized by a greater understanding of the complexities of sexual assault in prison by
Department personnel and offenders. These objectives will be achieved through increased
reporting, improved investigations and prosecutions, appropriate crisis intervention, and ongoing victim services support.
The Department will implement Project REAP in three phases. Phase I is designed to: (1) assess
the extent and nature of the problem; (2) create a climate and culture that encourages and
supports detection, reporting, investigation, and prosecution of prison sexual assault; and
(3) sustain movement toward a safe environment for offenders based upon an institutional
culture of zero-tolerance. Phase II will develop the capacity to: (1) provide rape crisis
intervention, appropriate and effective responses (including medical and mental health
interventions), and follow-up services to victims; (2) educate staff and inmates regarding prison
sexual assault; (3) develop effective measures to predict predatory and victim profiles and
modify classification and housing assignments designed to reduce the likelihood of sexual
assault; (4) develop effective measures to identify problematic staff; and (5) increase the security
and surveillance of at-risk offenders. Phase III will consist of a comprehensive process and
outcome evaluation of all REAP activities.
Ohio Department of Youth Services
The goal of the Ohio Department of Youth Services is to effectively identify and decrease
instances of sexual assault and consensual sex in its institutions. To implement the policy and
move toward compliance with PREA and the newly-promulgated standards of the American
Correctional Association, the Department established and is working toward achieving the
following objectives: (1) improve and enhance physical plants to expand the line of sight and
reduce blind spots in all secure juvenile correctional facilities; (2) provide coordinated services
and specialized training related to sexual abuse and assault; (3) implement an effective system of
reporting; and (4) develop a classification system in all institutions. Under this new grant award,
the Department will work toward a fifth objective which is to effectively treat and release
youthful offenders convicted of sexual offenses back to the community. The program will divert
youth from being returned to the Department by placing them in community programs. These
programs can better address the treatment needs of an offender and his or her family and will
keep the youthful offender in a community setting where treatment agencies, families, and the
Juvenile Court can remain involved.

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Oregon Department of Corrections
The primary goal of the Oregon Department of Corrections' Right to be Safe in Prison initiative
is to increase inmate and public safety by addressing the issues of sexual assault and other highrisk behaviors among inmates and to reduce the impact on society when these offenders are
released. The Department seeks and uses internal and external expertise to eliminate sexual
assault, reduce the negative effects of sexual assault on inmates and their families, and protect
public health as these offenders are released from prison. Other goals include: (1) enhancing
information systems that contain data on inmate behavior; (2) educating offenders and staff
about the effects of sexual abuse and about how offenders can protect themselves and prevent
abuse from occurring; (3) prosecuting predatory offenders; and (4) providing victim services
inside institutions and in the community after release.
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections
The Pennsylvania Department of Corrections will use the grant funds to build upon and
strengthen the Department’s previous efforts to eliminate and track rape and forced sexual
conduct incidents within the State’s correctional system by: (1) increasing response to victims of
sexual violence; (2) increasing the availability, reliability, validity, and timeliness of data on
sexual assault; (3) improving prevention strategies for sexual assault in prison; (4) improving
prosecution strategies; and (5) improving the provision of services for inmates who are victims
of sexual assault.
Puerto Rico Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
The goal of the Puerto Rico Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation is to improve the
procedures by which sexual assaults, either inmate-on-inmate sexual assault or staff sexual
assault or misconduct, are reported, investigated, and prosecuted. Additionally, the Department
will enhance it’s monitoring capabilities by installing cameras in high incidence areas inside the
agency’s correctional facilities. The updated cameras and recorders will provide prosecutors
with more persuasive evidence and will give them an incentive to pursue prosecutions. The
cameras will also help ensure greater safety for the staff patrolling areas of limited visibility.
South Dakota Department of Corrections
The South Dakota Department of Corrections will use the PREA grant funds to help develop
policy, provide training, design an assessment instrument, provide sexual assault education and
awareness to inmates, and develop State and local communication protocols. The goals of the
Department’s program are to: (1) eliminate sexual assault of inmates in State correctional
facilities; (2) provide assistance to eliminate sexual assault of inmates in local jails and juvenile
detention centers; (3) protect communities when sexual predators are released from custody; and
(4) design and implement systems to improve performance, monitor grant progress, and support
the preparation of process and outcome evaluations.

36

Tennessee Department of Corrections
The Tennessee Department of Corrections proposes to implement a comprehensive program to
address issues of inmate sexual assault and staff sexual misconduct in State institutions. The
goals of the Department’s PREA project are: (1) to implement initiatives designed to increase
reporting of assaults; (2) to improve the capacity to investigate allegations; (3) to improve
services for victims of sexual assaults; and (4) to prevent future cases of sexual assault and staff
sexual misconduct.
Texas Department of Criminal Justice
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice will continue its existing prevention strategies
through its Safe Prison Program and will implement a formal offender orientation program at the
Department’s four largest intake facilities (Holliday, Middleton, Garza West, and Woodman).
The orientation program is consistent with the Department’s zero tolerance policy regarding
sexual assaults. It will focus on preventing and reporting sexual assaults and will include
curriculum modules addressing sexual assault as it relates to prison life in general. Current
program activities such as training staff and key stakeholders on sexual assault related issues,
designating staff to assist with offender management, and continuously assessing staff's attitudes
towards sexual assault, will continue.
Virginia Department of Corrections
The Virginia Department of Corrections will use the PREA grant funds to: (1) install a telephone
hotline for reporting sexual assaults and video surveillance equipment in the women's prisons
(because the institution currently has inadequate camera coverage); (2) develop and implement
sexual assault training programs; and (3) develop and disseminate protocols addressing inmate
sexual assault.
Vermont Department of Corrections
The State of Vermont will use the PREA grant funds to improve inmate and staff safety. The
Department’s goals include: (1) increasing reporting of prison sexual exploitation; (2) protecting
vulnerable populations; (3) increasing the capacity to investigate and support prosecution of
reported sexual assault; and (4) determining the prevalence of prison sexual assault. Project
objectives include: (1) enhancing staff training in matters related to prison sexual assault;
(2) reinforcing the idea that prison sexual exploitation is criminal behavior and destructive to the
prison environment; and (3) delivering specialized training for investigators, prison officers,
medical and mental health staff, and supervisors and managers whose duties require their
intervention in incidents of prison sexual assault.
Wisconsin Department of Corrections
The Wisconsin Department of Corrections proposes to use its Protecting Inmates and
Safeguarding Communities grant to focus on the prevention, investigation, and prosecution of
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prison sexual assault and on treatment and other services to victims. The project proposes to
expand upon the Department’s existing collaborative efforts with local correctional agencies and
criminal justice partners. The proposed goals are based on the need to ensure a coordinated
strategy and include: (1) increasing staff and inmate awareness and understanding of prison
sexual assault; (2) improving the ability of staff and inmates to recognize potentially dangerous
situations; (3) providing guidance to staff and inmates in the prevention of sexual assaults;
(4) enhancing the investigation and prosecution of sexual assault; and (5) providing appropriate
services and treatment to victims and perpetrators of sexual assault in prison.
Wyoming Department of Corrections
The mission of the Wyoming Department of Corrections is to contribute to public safety by
exercising reasonable, safe, secure, and humane management, while actively providing offenders
opportunities to become law-abiding citizens. The Department recognizes the need to protect
offenders from harm as part of its mission. To help achieve this mission, the Department’s goals
and objectives for the 2006 Protecting Inmates and Safeguarding Communities Discretionary
Grant Program are as follows: (1) develop training standards for inmates and staff; (2) increase
communication between local law enforcement, the Department, and the prosecutor’s office;
(3) ensure that offenders released to the community are assessed if a record of predatory sexual
behaviors is present; (4) ensure that appropriate community services are available to offenders
reentering the community; (5) increase the number of cameras and monitoring equipment in
facilities to reduce blind areas where incidents of sexual misconduct could occur; (6) organize a
statewide PREA Collaboration Conference and include human services agencies, detention
facility administrators, Department personnel, and others affected by the PREA; (7) implement a
tracking system to provide complete and accurate data on incidents of sexual misconduct
between offenders and between offenders and staff; and (8) develop the capacity to sustain these
programs through sound financial planning.

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Appendix B:
NIC/WCL Project on Addressing Prison Rape:
Sample Action Plans
Each team that attends training delivered by the NIC/Washington College of Law Project on
Addressing Prison Rape is required to develop and deliver a presentation at the close of the
program. These presentations cover several topics, including a review of current challenges and
efforts in addressing prison rape, key “lessons learned” during the program, and actions that
participants plan to take upon returning to their jobs. Following are some of the action steps
planned by teams from training programs conducted in 2006:
Addressing Staff Sexual Misconduct with Offenders (March 2006)
Team: Tennessee
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<

Amend the legislation that has been introduced this session that would revise the sexual
assault statute to include a duty to report and to expand the definition of “in custody.”
Establish investigative protocols and train internal affairs staff and institution-based
investigators to investigate sexual misconduct.
Train all staff in the signs and symptoms of sexual misconduct and the procedures for
reporting suspected violations.
Secure a commitment from the district attorney to prosecute sexual misconduct cases.
Establish a culture whereby employees feel comfortable and supported in reporting incidents
of sexual misconduct.
Include identifying indicators of sexual assault, encouraging employees to report, and
working to prevent sexual assault in the supervisor’s job plan.
Include indicators of sexual assault and reporting procedures in core training of all staff.
Encourage the commission and other top managers to communicate through videos, the
newsletter, and the Intranet, information on the importance of reducing staff sexual
misconduct, emphasizing the threat to safety and security.
Require media training for wardens, deputy wardens, and other Central Office staff.

Team: Nebraska
<
<
<
<
<

Review and revise the training curriculum for pre-service, in-service, investigator,
supervisory, roll call, and other identified training.
Establish policy and practice regarding investigations involving staff sexual activity with an
inmate, to include placement of the results in the employee’s personnel file.
Use a validated screening instrument to assess personality characteristics and/or conduct an
interview with a psychologist as part of the employee hiring process.
Include staff sexual (and other) misconduct questions as part of the hiring process.
Revise the investigation policy and identify information tracking needs and database needs.

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Investigating Allegations of Staff Sexual Misconduct with Offenders (July 2006)
Team: Oregon
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<

Review the SB89 sentencing guidelines and work with constituent groups to determine if
revisions are necessary.
Review the Department’s PREA Policy, and include a requirement in the policy that PREA
training must be completed within 3 months of an employee’s date of hire.
Implement an employee PREA training form to be placed in the employee’s official
personnel file. Require that the employee signs the form acknowledging attendance of
required training and the awareness of SB89.
Conduct a review of the Employee Assistance Program contract and ensure incorporation of
the program into employee investigations.
Review staffing patterns with the Executive Management Team. Watch for misuse of
overtime and patterns of employees being assigned to posts where they are isolated with
inmates.
Develop training that has a focus on effective report writing.
Discuss with the Department’s Public Affairs Office strategies for handling communications
with the media and the legislature on PREA-related topics. Ensure a consistent message is
being communicated.
Include “added value” reviews of all cases and comparisons to cases in the last 12 months to
address emerging patterns as an additional task for the PREA Committee.
Review the Department’s policy and procedure regarding inmate movement and housing at
medical facilities.

Team: Kansas
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<
<

Develop a comprehensive investigative policy that outlines management’s philosophy,
procedures, and follow-up strategies.
Review and refine State laws to include non-department supervisors, volunteers, and all
Department staff involved with offenders on supervision. Review current reporting laws to
ensure they include reporting inappropriate activity.
Locate and provide extensive training for all investigators who conduct investigations
specific to institutional situations and offenders.
Develop a method to assess organizational culture related to sexual misconduct, and provide
information gained from the assessment to all investigators.
Review the chain of command to consider centralizing supervision and upgrading the
classification of investigators.
Increase staff sensitivity to sexual misconduct through training.
Establish first responder teams at all offices and facilities. Train these teams to take initial
action when sexual misconduct is reported or observed.
Review victim programs to determine the appropriate level of support available in response
to sexual misconduct.
Conduct regular meetings with investigators and human resources staff to enhance
communication among these staff members.

40

<
<

Begin communication with prosecuting agencies to increase awareness of staff sexual
misconduct issues, and attend the annual County Attorney Association conference.
Develop a process to conduct annual culture checks by Central Office human resources staff
and facility management staff.

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Appendix C:
PREA Training for Trainers:
Training Plan Progress Summaries
Alabama
The Alabama team has made significant progress on its action plan. Accomplishments include:
(1) the provision of statewide PREA training for all staff, (2) completion of a database that will
track information on potential victims and perpetrators system-wide, and (3) approval to hire
nine regional PREA coordinators. These coordinators will report to the Director of Training and
will assume responsibility for all PREA-related activities; including staff training, inmate
orientation, and tracking investigations. The coordinators will also work with the Intelligence
and Investigation Officers at the institutions in their region. Community corrections functions
fall under a separate State agency. Training Director Williams has been sharing training
information and materials with agency staff and involving them in PREA activities.
Iowa
The Iowa team developed five training goals during the session: (1) a plan to conduct a PREA
instructor’s course that emphasizes a consistent message to staff; (2) facilitating a PREA
discussion between labor and management; (3) developing a specific training session for
community-based centers; (4) developing training on evidence preservation; and (5) training for
transportation staff, victim advocates, and investigators. Team members indicated that they had
experienced some difficulty implementing the first goal due to inconsistent lesson plans that had
not been updated to reflect PREA. Some staff thought the only focus was on staff sexual
misconduct, which led to some conflict (with organized labor in particular). The team felt that
an updated curriculum that clarifies PREA matters should make the issue more manageable.
Discussions continue regarding the relevance of PREA to community-based agencies. Team
members and their table coach engaged in detailed discussions about how to open this discussion
and respond to questions.

Kentucky
Team members met with the Commissioner after the program and with wardens at a recent
Warden’s meeting. Response to the action plan was positive from the Wardens and the
Commissioner. The training unit has been moving forward with computer-based training. The
team is considering how to provide training to contract staff who do not participate in the ongoing staff training sessions. One option is to provide computer-based training to contractors.
Applications have been completed for several NIC training programs. The team is concerned
about the lack of an inmate orientation/training plan. The team is reviewing the existing inmate
orientation program and discussing improvements.

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Louisiana
The team reported that they have made substantial progress toward implementing their action
plan, aided by the State’s receipt of a Federal PREA Grant from the Bureau of Justice
Assistance. The grant has enabled the development of a Statewide implementation plan. The
annual in-service curriculum has been revised to include PREA-related information and
materials. Delivery is scheduled to begin in January 2007. Louisiana is also planning a 40-hour
course for investigators. The team provided a 2-hour training session at the women’s facility for
the Warden, investigators, correctional officers, and two 4-person inmate orientation teams.
Materials were provided to these orientation teams to aid their work. More of these training
sessions are being scheduled. In addition, the team and a Department attorney will be meeting
with inmate peer group counselors to discuss their role regarding PREA, in particular their
responsibility around the reporting of incidents. With the help of the Department’s victim
services coordinator, contact has been made with representatives from community rape crisis
agencies. These individuals expressed a willingness to provide services to inmates and offenders
under community supervision.

Massachusetts
The Massachusetts team’s goal is to establish five training programs in the following areas:
(1) training for trainers, (2) investigator’s training, (3) first responder’s training, (4) training for
managers, and (5) pre-service and in-service training. To help develop the training agenda, the
agency’s PREA plan is being reviewed and updated. The team also contacted the agency’s
PREA Manager, who indicated that agency investigators are working with investigators from the
Massachusetts State Police to expand their investigatory skills.

Mississippi
The Mississippi team’s Training Action Plan identified a number of key issues that will help
move the agency forward as they implement the PREA. The team decided that the first step was
to educate senior managers. They have organized an informational presentation on November
22, 2006, for the Commissioner and the agency’s executive staff. The team agreed that part of
the presentation will involve educating the executive staff about addressing staff sexual
misconduct as required under PREA.
The Department’s plan for introducing PREA to the inmates was developed in conjunction with
its policy addressing infectious diseases. The team believes they will get the support they need
from the Wardens and program staff regarding initiatives to educate inmates about sexual
assault.

Nebraska
The Department’s Training Unit successfully completed its American Correctional Association
audit last month. The focus of activities since the team’s return from the PREA training-fortrainers program has been preparing for the audit. The team is somewhat discouraged regarding

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their progress toward meeting the goals of their training plan due to barriers that are beyond their
control.
The Training Unit will be developing a training-for-trainers session to be held next spring to
prepare regional trainers to teach staff about PREA during pre-service and in-service training.
Staff are also using the Policy Review Guide to analyze sexual assault policies to ensure they are
in compliance. The NIC inmate orientation videos and facilitator guides have been sent to the
Deputy Director for review regarding their use in the inmate orientation process. Currently,
inmates are informed of PREA during initial orientation and are provided written materials to
review. If use of the NIC material is approved, the Training Unit staff will work with institution
staff to integrate the material into the orientation process.
Because investigators are certified law enforcement officers, the Training Unit is not responsible
for their training. However, the Chief of Investigations completed the NIC training for
investigators at American University.
PREA training for community corrections staff and parole officers has been accomplished and
will continue as part of annual in-service training. Youth facility staff are included in the annual
in-service training.

New Jersey
The New Jersey team developed five training goals during the session. The goals focused on
developing specific training for staff, investigators, and the inmate population. Using the
NIC inmate orientation videos as a template, the agency developed a 7-minute video to provide
an orientation to inmates about PREA. The agency is currently developing a training module for
investigators. This work will be coordinated with external law enforcement agencies and will be
provided to 103 Department investigators. The Department is also developing a comprehensive
PREA plan that will contain a number of training elements. The Department has received
approval to use Federal PREA grant funds for some of these activities.

Oregon
The Oregon team developed two major training goals during its session, with a focus on
developing instructor courses for staff training and inmate orientation and on the incorporation
of PREA training for outside agencies and contractors. The agency continues to use the inmate
orientation video at the Coffee Creek facility for female inmates. Beginning in February 2007,
they will begin using the inmate orientation video for male inmates at the Oregon State
Correctional Institution. An orientation program is also being developed specifically for
disabled inmates. The staff training initiative is moving forward, and the agency is continuing to
implement its Federal grant. The agency also plans to partner with Multnomah County, Oregon,
in joint training activities.

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West Virginia
The team reported that the Commissioner of Corrections is committed to and supportive of
PREA activities and has communicated his support throughout the Department. A committee
that was formed to address offender reentry issues has included PREA as a significant part of its
work. A training-for-trainers course is under development, and some of the agency’s leaders
have been asked to serve as instructors. The team believed this would be a good strategy to help
move the agency culture toward becoming more accepting of discussions about staff sexual
misconduct and sexual behaviors in general. In addition, the agency is planning to train selected
staff to introduce PREA materials to inmates at reception. The team reported that their
action plan has provided a good framework for their activities and that they are progressing
toward meeting their goals.

Wisconsin
Wisconsin is implementing programs and activities based on a second year of funding from a
Federal PREA grant award. These grant funds have enabled the State to purchase various types
of equipment, hire a PREA investigator, and conduct statewide training. The State developed a
PREA master plan that focused on operational and functional areas.
The Wisconsin team developed a plan for staff training and inmate training. The plan includes
training for investigators, and the Investigations Subcommittee will be developing a 2-day to
5-day training session. Victim Services will assist in the development of training to address the
investigation of inmate-on-inmate sexual assault.
The Training Unit is developing statewide training to be delivered in February 2007. The
Training Unit has developed separate training materials for staff who work with adults and staff
who work with juveniles. The NIC video production Keeping Our Kids Safe and accompanying
facilitator’s guide will be incorporated into the education sessions for juveniles. Pre-tests and
post-tests will also be developed and incorporated. Administration officials and union officials
have agreed that it is important for staff to have an opportunity to view the NIC inmate
orientation videos and to understand the information being provided to offenders. The team
stated they have received great support from their executive leaders and believed that they were
on target with their goals.

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