National Portrait of SVORI
Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative
July 2004

Pamela K. Lattimore, RTI International
Susan Brumbaugh, RTI International
Christy Visher, Urban Institute
Christine Lindquist, RTI International
Laura Winterfield, Urban Institute
Meghan Salas, Urban Institute
Janine Zweig, Urban Institute

National Portrait of SVORI
Serious and Violent Offender
Reentry Initiative

Acknowledgements
The Multi-site Evaluation of SVORI is supported by cooperative agreement 2003-RE-CX-K101 from the
National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, and is conducted by RTI International1 (RTI) and
the Urban Institute (UI). Points of view are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of
the U.S. Department of Justice.

Principal Investigators

Authors

Staff Contributors

Pamela K. Lattimore (RTI)
Christy Visher (UI)

Pamela K. Lattimore (RTI)
Susan Brumbaugh (RTI)
Christy Visher (UI)
Christine Lindquist (RTI)
Laura Winterfield (UI)
Meghan Salas (UI)
Janine Zweig (UI)

Anita Mathew (RTI)
Mark Pope (RTI)
Amy Solomon (UI)
Elizabeth Cincotta (UI)

The authors would like to thank the following staff members for their work on this report:
Preparation of State Summaries
Jamia Bachrach (RTI)
Kathy Batts (RTI)
George Campbell (RTI)
Dionne Davis (UI)
Christine DeStefano (UI)
Jennifer Hardison (RTI)
Anita Mathew (RTI)
Rebecca Naser (UI)
Angela Nesius (RTI)
Meghan Salas (UI)
Danielle Steffey (RTI)

Graphic Design, Editing, and Document
Preparation
Debbie Bond (RTI)
Sonja Douglas (RTI)
Shari Lambert (RTI)
Deborah Lee (RTI)
Lauren Mine (RTI)
Carol Offen (RTI)
Rodica Simon (RTI)

RTI and UI also acknowledge the assistance and direction provided by the members of our external advisory
group as well as the assistance and support of the local SVORI project directors and other site staff.
For more information about the SVORI Multi-site Evaluation, please visit our website at
http://www.svori-evaluation.org/.

1 RTI

International is a trade name of Research Triangle Institute

CONTENTS
SECTION

1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

SVORI Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Reentry Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Sentencing Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Incarceration and Release Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Needs of Returning Prisoners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
What Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
SECTION

2

Multi-site Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Evaluation Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Implementation Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Impact Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Cost-Benefit Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Dissemination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Future Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …13
SECTION

3

SVORI Program Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Program Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Participant Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Enrollment Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Geographical Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Program Components and Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Program Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Innovative Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Barriers and Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
SECTION

4

SVORI Program Details by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

National Portrait of SVORI

i

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168
Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171
Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174
South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179
South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190
U.S. Virgin Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193
Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200
Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204
West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219

ii

APPENDIX

A

SVORI Grantees and Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

APPENDIX

B

Adult Admission and Release Trends by State . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

APPENDIX

C

Acronym Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C-1

LIST OF EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1-1.

Post-release Geographical Areas Targeted by SVORI Grantees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Exhibit 1-2.

Mandatory Prison Releases Compared with Discretionary Prison Releases, 1980, 1985, 1990,
1995, 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Exhibit 1-3.

Unconditional Prison Releases Compared with Conditional Prison Releases, 1923–1999 . . . . .4

Exhibit 1-4

State Prison Admissions and Releases in the U.S., 1977–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Exhibit 1-5.

Percentage of State Parole Discharges Successfully Completing Supervision, 1983–2000 . . . . .6

Exhibit 2-1.

Impact Evaluation Selection Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Exhibit 2-2.

SVORI Grantees Selected for Inclusion as Impact Evaluation Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Exhibit 3-1.

Age Types Targeted in SVORI Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Exhibit 3-2.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Enrollment in SVORI Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Exhibit 3-3.

Estimate of Annual Program Capacity by Population Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Exhibit 3-4.

Pre- and Post-release Geographical Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Exhibit 3-5.

Pre-release Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Exhibit 3-6.

Pre-release Programming Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Exhibit 3-7.

Post-release Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Exhibit 3-8.

Post-release Programming Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Exhibit A-1.

SVORI Grantees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1

Exhibit A-2.

SVORI Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3

Exhibit B-1.

Adult Prison Admissions by State (1978–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

Exhibit B-2.

Adult Prison Releases by State (1978–2002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4

National Portrait of SVORI

iii

iv

National Portrait of SVORI

SECTION

1

Introduction

In 2002, more than 630,000 prisoners—about 1,700 per day—were released from State and Federal prisons
(Harrison and Karberg, 2004). If past trends continue, just over half of them will be reincarcerated within
3 years (Langan and Levin, 2002). This pattern, indicative of poor reintegration of prisoners into the
community, has wide-ranging social costs, including decreased public safety and weakened family and
community ties. The goal of the Federal Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) is to
reduce the likelihood of reincarceration by providing tailored supervision and services to improve the odds
for a successful transition to the community.
This National Portrait of SVORI is the first in a series of publications
documenting the work of the Multi-site Evaluation of SVORI. The Portrait
is the final product of a preliminary assessment of all 69 sites funded under
SVORI and is based on reviews of grantee proposals and workplans,
telephone interviews with program directors, and visits to selected sites.
Because this document is based primarily on what grantees and programs
are reporting, the descriptions reflect individual variations; material included
in the Portrait reflects a mixture of planned and implemented activities. The
results of a full implementation assessment (currently underway) will
provide analysis and richer detail on how grantees structure and operate
their reentry programs. Primarily, the Portrait is intended to engage and
inform local SVORI programs, practitioners, policy makers, researchers, and
the Federal partners.
This first section of the report provides the background and context behind
the impetus for improving reentry outcomes. Section 2 provides an overview
of the SVORI Multi-site Evaluation, including data collection plans and
forthcoming topical reports. Section 3 provides an overview of how sites are
structuring the reentry programs funded under the Initiative and describes
the patterns and commonalities across sites. Section 4 concludes the report
with detailed information, by grantee, on the SVORI reentry efforts in
jurisdictions across the United States.

Reentry Defined
In this report, reentry is defined as the process of
preparing and supporting offenders incarcerated in adult
prisons and juvenile correctional facilities as they complete
their terms and return to society. Reentry affects all who
are released, regardless of their method of release or form
of community supervision, if any.
If the reentry process is successful, both the public and
the released prisoner benefit. Public safety gains are
typically measured in terms of reduced recidivism. Other
reintegration benefits include increased participation in
social institutions such as the labor force, families,
neighborhoods, schools, and faith communities. There are
financial and social benefits associated with all forms of
improvement.
SVORI programs are geared toward serious and violent
offenders, particularly adults released from prison and
juveniles released from correctional facilities. Although
reentry is also an issue for offenders released from jails,
pre-trial detention, or Federal prisons, these facilities are
not the focus of the SVORI programs or of this report
(although in a few SVORI programs, prisoners are
transferred to county jails for intensive programming prior
to release).

National Portrait of SVORI

1

SVORI Overview
SVORI is a collaborative Federal effort to improve outcomes for adults and juveniles returning to
communities from correctional facilities. The Initiative addresses reentry outcomes along criminal justice,
employment, education, health, and housing dimensions. Funded by the U.S. Departments of Justice
(DOJ), Labor (DOL), Education (Ed), Housing and Urban Development (DHUD), and Health and
Human Services (DHHS), this unprecedented national response is intended to help States better utilize
their correctional resources to reduce recidivism.
Sixty-nine grantees at both State and local levels received a total of
approximately $110 million to develop new or expand existing programs
offering integrated supervision and reentry services to adults or juveniles
leaving correctional facilities. Reentry efforts were funded through SVORI
in all 50 States, plus the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
(See Exhibit 1-1, which shows the post-release geographical areas targeted by
SVORI grantees. A list of SVORI grantees by State is shown in Appendix A.)
Individually, grantees received between $500,000 and $2 million in single,
3-year awards. These funds were intended to enable jurisdictions to leverage
other funds.

SVORI Goals
• To improve quality of life and self-sufficiency through
employment, housing, family, and community involvement
• To improve health by addressing substance use (sobriety
and relapse prevention) and physical and mental health
• To reduce criminality through supervision and by
monitoring noncompliance, reoffending, rearrest,
reconviction, and reincarceration
• To achieve systems change through multi-agency
collaboration and case management strategies

Although the program announcement closed in mid-2002, and all the
grantees were allowed to spend travel funds from their full grant award to
attend the initial cluster conference in August of 2002, there were certain
requirements specific to each award that the grantees had to meet before being given approval to use
their entire award. Varying amounts of time were needed to meet these requirements, which resulted in
grantees receiving access to full funding at different times. By the last quarter of 2002, most grantees were
allowed to spend up to 10% of their award for planning purposes while they completed site-specific
requirements necessary to receive their full awards. Most grantees received full spending approval during
2003; about 10 grantees did not receive approval until early 2004.

Exhibit 1-1. Post-release Geographical Areas Targeted by SVORI Grantees

Maine

Washington
Montana

Vermont

North Dakota Minnesota

Oregon

New Hampshire
Wisconsin

South Dakota

Idaho
Wyoming

Rhode Island
Connecticut
Iowa
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Ohio
Delaware
Indiana
West
Illinois
Maryland
Virginia
Washington, D.C.
Virginia
Missouri
Kentucky

Nebraska

Nevada
Utah
California

Colorado

Kansas
Oklahoma

Arizona

Arkansas

New Mexico

North Carolina

Tennessee

South Carolina

Mississippi
Alabama
Georgia

Texas
Louisiana

Hawaii

Florida

Alaska

Juvenile

2

National Portrait of SVORI

Massachusetts

New York

Michigan

Adult

Both

U.S. Virgin
Islands

All grantees are required to establish and support a partnership between institutional and community
agencies. For grantees targeting adult populations, these partnerships include the State Department of
Corrections and at least one local community agency. For grantees targeting juvenile populations, the
partnerships include the State agency responsible for juvenile correctional placements and a community
agency involved in providing services to and/or supervising juveniles.
SVORI funding supports the creation of a three-phase continuum of services that begins in prison, moves
to a structured reentry phase before and during the early months of release, and continues for several years
as released prisoners take on increasingly productive roles in the community. Although conceptually
straightforward, this model is far from “business as usual”—it requires State and local agencies to
collaborate in ways that have been rare in the past.
Among the Initiative’s priorities is providing services to those adults and juveniles who are most likely to
pose a risk to the community upon release and to those who face multiple challenges upon returning to
the community. Sites have an opportunity to create innovative reentry strategies that will contribute to the
development of national models of best practices in reentry. In order to receive funding, the sites were
required to identify and address service gaps and needs, while enhancing existing efforts with increased
training and technical assistance. In doing this, sites were asked to ensure that programs promote
productive social roles so that prisoners are able to move successfully from living under correctional
control to becoming law-abiding and productive members of society.

Reentry Context
To better understand SVORI, it is important to consider the context
surrounding reentry. State-level sentencing and release policies affect the
reentry landscape and simultaneously reflect and shape public opinion
regarding crime and criminals. Prison incarceration and release trends
highlight the increasing importance of effective release planning and reentry
programming. It is also essential to understand the significant needs of
returning prisoners and to identify reentry strategies that are effective in
addressing these needs.

Sentencing Policies
Adult Sentencing
The sentencing environment has undergone significant shifts over the past
30 years. For most of the 20th century, the U.S. judicial system was
dominated by indeterminate sentencing, under which a prisoner’s sentence
consisted of a range of years (typically a minimum and a maximum), and a
release authority (typically a parole board) determined when in that period
to end the incarceration, resulting in a discretionary release. Within this
framework, the parole boards played a critical role in determining the length
of time a prisoner spent in prison, when post-release supervision would
begin, and how to set sanctions and rewards for post-release behavior.
Fundamental to this approach was a belief in rehabilitation—that with
proper assistance, prisoners could become productive members of society
(Petersilia, 2003).

Definitions
Indeterminate Sentencing—A prison sentence with a
maximum term established at the time of sentencing, but
not a fixed term. Parole boards determine when to release
individuals from prison.
Determinate Sentencing—A prison sentence with a fixed
term of imprisonment that is determined by a judge, a
statute, or sentencing guidelines and that can be reduced
by good-time or earned-time credits.
Discretionary Release—The release of an inmate from
prison where the release date is decided by a board or
some other authority.
Mandatory Release—The release of an inmate from prison
where the release date is the result of a determinate
sentence and is not decided by a panel or board.
Conditional Release—The release of an inmate from prison
to community supervision (which includes probation or
parole) with a set of conditions for remaining in the
community. If the conditions are violated, the individual can
be returned to prison or face another sanction in the
community.
Unconditional Release—The release of an inmate from
prison where he or she is not under community supervision
and is not required to abide by special conditions (and
therefore cannot be returned to prison without being
convicted of a new offense).
Adapted from Travis and Lawrence (2002)

National Portrait of SVORI

3

Beginning in the 1970s, however, public confidence in rehabilitation waned and support for incarceration
increased as a result of a combination of factors, including the rising crime rate, increased problems with
drug abuse, and research evaluations suggesting that rehabilitation had no effect on decreasing recidivism.
A 1974 essay by Robert Martinson suggesting that “nothing works” (in reference to the effect of
rehabilitation on recidivism rates) had a significant impact on policy (Martinson, 1974). In the next
decade, the “war on drugs” resulted in tough anti-crime measures, increased spending on incarceration,
and a crackdown on drug abusers.
This policy shift led toward a system of determinate sentencing, under which prisoners receive a fixed-term
sentence set by statute or sentencing guidelines that, in some cases, can be reduced by earned-time or
good-time credits. The resulting release from a determinate sentence (called a mandatory release) is based
solely on the statutory sentence length (plus or minus credits for behavior) and is not determined by a
parole board. Under mandatory release policies,
release occurs regardless of behavior, removing
Exhibit 1-2. Mandatory Prison Releases Compared with Discretionary
the incentive for good behavior. Between 1980
Prison Releases, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 1999
and 1999, the percentage of releases that were
mandatory increased from 39% to 77% (Hughes,
100%
Wilson, and Beck, 2001). (See Exhibit 1-2.) The
national trend over the past 25 years has been an
80%
increase in the use of imprisonment—
Mandatory
incorporating certainty in sentence length—as a
60%
releases
way to deter future crime and increase public
safety (Petersilia, 2003).
40%

Discretionary
releases

20%

0%
1980

1985

1990

1995

1999

Source: Hughes, Wilson, and Beck (2001)

Exhibit 1-3. Unconditional Prison Releases Compared with Conditional

Prison Releases, 1923–1999
100%

Unconditional
releases

80%

60%

40%

Conditional releases
(parole supervision)

20%

0%
1923

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

Source: National Prisoner Statistics (NPS-1) Series, Bureau of Justice Statistics

4

National Portrait of SVORI

1980

1990

1999

Following release, some former prisoners
continue to be supervised in the community, a
practice generally termed parole supervision,
though some States have replaced parole with
other types of post-release supervision. The
proportion of these supervised, or conditional,
releases increased sharply between 1960 and 1980
(Hughes, Wilson, and Beck, 2001). (See
Exhibit 1-3.) This trend leveled off during the
1980s, when 80% of prison releases were
conditional. Since 1990, the proportion of
prisoners released without parole supervision
(unconditional release) has been increasing,
totaling more than 100,000 (Hughes, Wilson, and
Beck, 2001). The number of unconditional
releases is still relatively small, however,
compared with those released under conditional
supervision or parole.
In addition to changes in determinate sentencing
and methods of release, States have implemented
a variety of sentencing reforms, including
mandatory minimum sentences for designated
crimes, truth-in-sentencing practices that reduce
earned-time or good-time credits for violent
offenders, and “three-strikes” laws that increase

the chance that persistent repeat offenders will be imprisoned for long periods of time or life. There has
also been an increase in the use of specialized courts (e.g., drug courts), which attempt to balance
punishment, treatment, and programming (Butts and Mears, 2001). Moreover, States have differentially
adopted such policies, some choosing to implement them, others maintaining traditional models (Tonry,
1999). Despite the lack of uniformity, the overall philosophy on sentencing policy has changed, and this
change has had an impact on the ways in which prisoners are prepared for their release and on their
incentive for engaging in programming during incarceration.

Juvenile Sentencing
For juvenile offenders, sentencing policies have also changed. Many States have altered their laws
to expand sentencing options for criminal and juvenile courts. As with adults, an increasing number
of jurisdictions use specialized courts, such as teen courts, that provide a balance of punishment and
rehabilitation (Butts and Mears, 2001). Blended sentencing practices allow for sentences to begin in the
juvenile system and continue into the adult system (Mears, 2000). Although some juveniles spend their
entire period of incarceration within the juvenile system, others begin in the juvenile system but complete
their sentence in the adult system; still others begin and complete their sentence within the adult system.
Revised transfer provision laws make it easier to transfer juveniles into the adult criminal justice system,
and traditional confidentiality provisions have been loosened (Howell, 2003). The use of blended
sentencing and relaxed transfer provisions means that it is now much more common to find juveniles
in the adult system. These alternative juvenile incarceration options make the measurement and
understanding of youth reentry especially complex (Mears and Travis, 2003).

Incarceration and Release Trends
The relationship between sentencing policies and trends in incarceration is a complex one, as changes
in sentencing policies can be prompted by patterns in admissions and releases and at the same time result
in new trends. Current trends, indicating an increasing number of prisoners returning to the community,
highlight the importance of reentry planning and preparation.

Adult Trends

As stated earlier, the majority of prisoners are released to
parole or some other form of conditional supervision. The
type of parole appears to make a difference in the success
of the parolee in avoiding a parole revocation that results
in a return to prison. State prisoners released by a parole
board (discretionary parolees) have consistently had higher
success rates than those released through mandatory
parole. (See Exhibit 1-5.) In 2000, 54% of discretionary

Exhibit 1-4. State Prison Admissions and Releases in the U.S.,

1978-2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

The U.S. prison population nearly doubled in size between
1990 and the end of 2002, from 708,393 to 1,277,127 (BJS,
2003). This increase in prisoners was followed by an
increase in the number of State and Federal prison releases
from 405,400 to 630,000 between 1990 and 2002. Releases
from State prisons increased 46% between 1990 and 2002,
from 405,400 to 589,844 (Hughes and Wilson, 2003). (See
Exhibit 1-4 for admission and release trends from 1977
through 2002; also see Appendix B for a detailed listing of
admission and release numbers by State.)

700,000
Admissions
Releases

600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail Inmates at
Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

National Portrait of SVORI

5

parolees were successful, compared with 35% of
mandatory parolees. The difference in success rates of
those released on discretionary and mandatory parole may
be attributable to differences in incentives
or supervision practices or to differences in the
characteristics of those released under the two release
mechanisms. In other words, in States with both
discretionary and mandatory parole, those chosen for
discretionary release are likely to be those judged prior to
release to have the highest likelihood of success following
release.

Exhibit 1-5. Percentage of State Parole Discharges Successfully

Completing Supervision, 1983–2000

Percent of Parole Discharges
Successfully Completed

100%

All Paroles

90%

Discretionary

80%

Mandatory

70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
83

85

87

89

91

93

95

97

99

00

Year
Source: Hughes and Wilson, 2003

State Budgets and Criminal Justice Expenditures
Recent pressure on State budgets has caused some States to begin
reevaluating their criminal justice expenditures, which on average accounted for
13% of States’ general funds and were estimated to total $68 billion in 2002
(National Governors’ Association, 2004). The Massachusetts Taxpayers
Foundation recently released a bulletin noting that, for the first time in several
decades, Massachusetts is spending more on prisons than it is on public higher
education, appropriating $830 million for corrections facilities and only $816
million for public higher education in 2003 (Massachusetts Taxpayers
Foundation, 2003). The average annual cost of incarcerating an adult is roughly
$25,000, which is more than the cost of many treatment programs or
intermediate sanctions such as halfway houses or parole supervision.
As a result of increased expenditures in a time of resource scarcity, some States
have begun to make changes in terms of policy and spending. According to
findings from a survey by the Vera Institute of Justice, reductions in corrections
expenditures in fiscal years 2003 and 2004 were evident in roughly one-quarter
of States (Wool and Stemen, 2004). The study also noted that States have
begun considering new policy options in an effort to reduce the number of
prison admissions as well as the length of prison sentences. Some examples
include treatment alternatives and reductions in the use of mandatory
minimums. Responding to these budgetary concerns, shifting priorities, and the
desire to increase public safety in the long term, SVORI has positioned States to
take advantage of the available knowledge base regarding “what works” to
reduce the recidivism rate.

6

National Portrait of SVORI

Regardless of the type of parole being used by States,
parole violators now make up a substantially larger
percentage of total prison admissions. As a percentage of
all admissions to State prison, parole violators more than
doubled from 17% in 1980 to 35% in 1999. Between
1990 and 1999, the number of parole violators admitted to
State prisons rose approximately 50%, while new court
commitments rose only 7% (Hughes, Wilson, and Beck,
2001).

Juvenile Trends
Juveniles, though more likely to serve shorter sentences
than adults (typically less than a year), are likely to have
repeated placements; many of them will have been
incarcerated for approximately one-third of their
adolescence (Snyder, 2004). Additionally, the size of the
population of incarcerated youth is more difficult to
quantify because they are found in both the adult and
juvenile systems. In spite of these complications,
researchers estimate that roughly one-third of the more
than 600,000 returning prisoners each year consists of
those younger than 24 years of age (Mears and Travis,
2003). Of those individuals, it is estimated that roughly
two-thirds will be rearrested within 12 months of release
(Krisberg and Howell, 1998).
As a result of recidivism and stricter sentencing, the need
for bed space in juvenile facilities is on the rise. Between
1989 and 1998, the number of juveniles adjudicated to
residential placement facilities increased 37% (Sickmund,
2003). Increasing incarceration rates have also been
attributed to higher numbers of drug-related and violent
offenses, as well as to an increase in the sentencing of
females to correctional facilities (up 50% between 1990
and 1999) (Harris, 2003).

Needs of Returning Prisoners
Released prisoners face enormous challenges, from finding
jobs and housing to staying sober, while avoiding high-risk
persons and places. One key to successful reentry is
identifying these challenges and tailoring reentry plans and
services to address them.
Finding employment is one of the most pressing needs facing
returning prisoners. Although many prisoners were working
prior to incarceration (Beck et al., 1993), their education
level, work experience, and skills are well below national
averages for the general population (Andrews and Bonta,
1994). Further, the stigma associated with incarceration
often makes it difficult for returning prisoners to secure jobs
(Holzer, Raphael, and Stoll, 2002); when they do, they tend to
earn less than individuals with similar backgrounds who have
not been incarcerated (Bushway and Reuter, 2001). Despite
evidence that vocational and educational programs are
effective (Bushway and Reuter, 2001), access to them is often
limited in prisons, and availability has declined over the past
decade (Lynch and Sabol, 2001).
Many prisoners have substance abuse problems. According
to a 1997 national survey of State prisoners, 80% reported a
history of drug use or alcohol abuse (Mumola, 1999).
Although studies indicate that treatment can reduce drug use
and criminal activity (Gaes, Flanagan, Motiuk, and Stewart,
1999), only 10% of State prisoners reported receiving formal
substance abuse treatment in 1997, down from 25% in 1991
(BJS, 2000).
Prisoners are also much more likely than the general
population to have chronic and infectious diseases, and they
account for a significant portion of the total population
infected with HIV or AIDS, hepatitis B and C, and
tuberculosis (Hammett, Roberts, and Kennedy, 2001). Rates
of mental illness among prisoners are two to four times those
of the general population (Lurigio, 2001). Individuals with
dual and triple diagnoses (e.g., for substance abuse, mental
illness, and HIV infection) face acute difficulties, and the
associated service needs present substantial challenges.
Many former prisoners lack the financial resources or
personal references necessary to compete for and secure
housing in the private housing market. Moreover, Federal
laws may bar convicted felons from public housing and
Federally assisted housing programs, and living with family
or friends is not always an option. Returning prisoners who
are unable to secure housing may go to shelters or become
homeless.

Reentry Success Story—Hawaii BEST Reentry Program
“BEST held a career expo for 29 inmates including SVORI participants and
other offenders. We bused all participants from the local facility to Maui
Economic Opportunity, Inc.; 10 businesses participated and conducted mock
interviews with the participants. BEST presented a short skit, The Dos and
Don’ts of Interviewing, which was followed by a fashion show and information
on affordable clothing for interviews and work fairs. Business leaders also
made presentations throughout the workshop, such as What Employers Look
For, Attitude, and First Impressions. During a break, BEST provided
employers with information about incentives for hiring ex-offenders. We intend
to make this an annual event. Evaluations completed by participants indicated
that they felt they had benefited from the event.”
—Verdine Kong, Hawaii BEST Project Director

Legal Barriers to Reentry Success
The Legal Action Center’s recent report (2004) documents the legal barriers
that former prisoners face upon their return to free society, including barriers
related to employment, housing, benefits, voting, access to criminal records,
parenting, and driving. Among its findings, the report indicates that over the
past 20 years, Congress and State legislators have imposed new restrictions
on eligibility for public benefits, student loans, and driver’s licenses.
Specifically, most States permit employer discrimination against individuals
with criminal histories, restrict a former prisoner’s right to vote, and limit a
former prisoner’s eligibility for public assistance and food stamps. The report’s
legislative recommendations include eliminating arrest records as a deciding
factor in eligibility determinations for public benefits, reducing the public
accessibility of conviction information on the Internet, and restoring former
prisoners’ right to vote.

Needs Related to Children and Families of Prisoners
In 1997, 55% of State prisoners reported having one or more children, and
nearly 46% of these parents lived with their minor children at the time they
were admitted to prison (Mumola, 2000). While the percentage of prisoners
who are parents has remained about the same over the past decade, the
increase in the number of prisoners means that there are many more children
who have one or more parents incarcerated. In 1999, about 1.3 million
children under the age of 18 had parents in State prisons (Mumola, 2000).
Prisoners are often cut off from their families, and the same is true for
contacts between incarcerated parents and their children. Lynch and Sabol
(2001), using data from a 1997 BJS prisoner survey, reported that only about
20% of those incarcerated for less than a year had weekly visits with their
children. This figure dropped to 10% for those incarcerated for 5 years or
more. Similarly, those incarcerated for 5 years or more were less likely to have
weekly communication through phone calls and letters than those with shorter
sentences.

National Portrait of SVORI

7

Specialized Needs of Juveniles
Longer and stricter sentences for young populations can also increase the challenges associated with
successful reintegration into society. Increased time away from family members, jobs, and the educational
system increases the chances that youth will fall even farther behind than they might have been before
incarceration. Youth returning from commitment are likely to have relatives who have been incarcerated,
to have not completed eighth grade, and to have begun regular drug and alcohol use at a young age
(Snyder, 2004). A review of recent studies notes that 36% of committed juveniles suffer from a learning
disability (Rutherford, Bullis, Wheeler Anderson, and Griller-Clark, 2002), and more than 40% of youth in
the juvenile justice system have a history of substance abuse (Aarons, Brown, Hough, Garland, and Wood,
2001). Juveniles committed in facilities are more likely to have some type of mental illness than youth in
the general population (Teplin, Abram, McClelland, Dulcan, and Mericla, 2002), resulting in additional
risks and barriers upon release (Snyder, 2004).
The juvenile population also has unique developmental needs. Young released prisoners face challenges in
both the transition from a correctional facility to the community and the transition from childhood to
adulthood. Successful reintegration requires developmentally appropriate services and resources
(Altschuler and Brash, 2004).

8

National Portrait of SVORI

What Works
Recent research on rehabilitation-oriented programs is promising.
Treatment geared toward reducing drug use and criminal activity among
prisoners has been shown to be effective, particularly when the
treatment spans the incarceration and post-release periods (Gaes et al.,
1999). Job training and work programs have also been shown to have a
significant impact on the employment and recidivism rates of older men
(Bushway and Reuter, 2001).
A recent meta-review of reentry program evaluations identified several
approaches that appear to work. For example, vocational and workrelease programs were found to improve skills and reduce recidivism.
Pre-release programs and some drug treatment programs had similar
effects on participants. Those who stayed in halfway houses committed
less severe and less frequent crimes, and educational programs were
deemed capable of increasing achievement scores (Seiter and Kadela,
2003).

Reentry Success Story—Ohio Community-Oriented
Reentry (CORE) Program
“As the project director for the grant, I have had the opportunity
to observe and participate in the Reentry Management Teams.
In all the years of working for the Department of Rehabilitation
and Correction, this has been one of the most powerful and
moving experiences I have been afforded. I have witnessed
offenders—who in the past would have been written off—grow,
mature, and begin to accept responsibility for their behaviors
and attitudes. I wish I could record the interaction between the
Reentry Management Team and the offender to illustrate what a
wonderful tool this is becoming as the process begins to
mature. One of the key differences I see with the reentry
process is allowing offenders to have input and decision-making
capabilities regarding their own lives. Offenders are beginning
to take ownership of their life plan and of their future.”
—Angela Lee, Ohio CORE Project Director

National Portrait of SVORI

9

Reentry Success Story—Miller
Miller* was on probation before he came to prison for 2
years. Twelve months before being paroled, Miller became
a resident in the HOPE Therapeutic Community at the
Gunnison prison in Utah. Miller is now successfully living
in his community with family members. Since the week he
paroled, he has successfully completed 6 months of
substance abuse treatment and has consistently tested
negative for substance use. Miller has been employed as
a laborer with a concrete company, where he makes
$18.00 per hour. He is reunited with his 8-year-old
daughter. He has a valid driver's license and an insured
automobile. He attends the monthly Reentry Client/Family
meetings and brought his daughter to the Christmas Party.
*Name has been changed.

As a result of these and other positive findings, attitudes about punishment
and sentencing have begun to shift back toward recognizing the value of
treatment. A 2001 study showed less public support for longer sentences as a
means to reduce crime than had previously been found. Two-thirds of
respondents supported the use of services such as job training and education
as the proper approach to reducing crime. Only 28% believed that long
sentences and increased incarceration were the most effective methods of
increasing public safety. For the most part, survey respondents favored a
more balanced approach to crime reduction, emphasizing services and
prevention (Peter D. Hart Research Associates, Inc., 2002).
State governments have also begun to modify their approaches to
corrections, balancing reductions in correctional budgets (in times of tight
State coffers) with treatment-oriented programming. In 2003, 13 States
reportedly enacted significant reforms to their corrections policies, some
repealing mandatory minimums and others offering more treatmentoriented alternatives (Wool and Stemen, 2004). In an effort to support States
in developing meaningful programming for a population that made up a
large share of prison admissions—people failing after prison release—the
Federal government launched SVORI.

This section has provided the context and rationale for the funding of SVORI. The trends in both
prisoner populations and sentencing policies show the need for improved reentry planning,
programming, and services. The following section provides further information about the multisite evaluation of SVORI and plans for future analysis and reporting. The remainder of the report
describes what SVORI grantees are doing across the United States.

10

National Portrait of SVORI

SECTION

2

Multi-site Evaluation

SVORI represents a significant investment of Federal resources and local efforts. It is important to
carefully study the Initiative, in terms of both local efforts at funded sites and the extent to which these
efforts result in improved prisoner outcomes.
RTI International is teamed with the Urban Institute to conduct the Multisite Evaluation of SVORI. A group of senior policy experts and practitioners
has also been engaged to inform the research team with insight into policy
and practice, additional methodological expertise, and strategies for
dissemination of findings. The goal of the evaluation is to determine
whether the selected programs have accomplished the overall goal of SVORI:
increasing public safety by reducing recidivism among the populations
served by these programs. In addition, the evaluation will determine the
relative costs and benefits of SVORI.

Evaluation Components
Following the completion of a 1-year design and assessment period in April
2004, the evaluation team began work on a 4-year comprehensive impact
evaluation that will continue through the end of the evaluation period in
2008. The evaluation includes an implementation assessment of all grantees,
an impact evaluation (focused on a limited number of sites), a cost-benefit
analysis, and a dissemination plan.

SVORI Multi-site Evaluation Research Questions
• To what extent did SVORI lead to more coordinated
planning and integrated services among partner
agencies?
• To what extent did reentry participants receive more
individualized and comprehensive services than
comparison subjects?
• To what extent did reentry participants demonstrate better
recidivism, health, and personal functioning outcomes
than comparison subjects?
• To what extent did the benefits derived from reentry
programming exceed the costs?

Implementation Assessment
The implementation assessment involves the collection of information on SVORI activities in all 69 sites.
During the design and assessment period, researchers defined and documented the SVORI models and
programs, which included identifying the target population(s), the program elements, the timing of
services and programming, the agencies involved, and the degree of systems integration. This National
Portrait of SVORI is the initial product of the implementation assessment. Continued activities under the
implementation assessment will involve annual data collection from all the sites, which will document
implementation, progress, and sustainability activities. In addition, selected programs will take part in site
visits and interviews with key stakeholders.

Impact Evaluation
The impact evaluation will compare outcomes for two groups of returning prisoners—a group who
receives reentry services as part of SVORI prior to and during the first 2 years after release, and a
comparison group. The primary data collection component is a longitudinal study of returning prisoners
in selected sites. This study will include males, females, adults, and juveniles. Experimental designs will be
used in several sites, with quasi-experimental approaches in the remainder.
Impact evaluation activities during the design and assessment period included site selection, instrument
design, pilot testing, establishment of site evaluation protocols, and Institutional Review Board (IRB)
approval. Implementation of the longitudinal study will involve a number of interview activities.
Researchers will conduct pre-release interviews with prisoners who are SVORI participants and with those

National Portrait of SVORI

11

who are not. These same prisoners will also be interviewed at 3, 9, and 15 months following release to
determine the effects of SVORI over time. The interview instruments will address short- and long-term
outcomes, including employment, education, housing, family contact/stability, health, supervision
compliance, substance use, and recidivism. The interviews will also provide details on participation in
programs and services by study participants before and after release.
Supplemental data that will be used to augment the prisoner interview data include State corrections and
law enforcement administrative records, oral fluids testing for detection of illegal drug use, and key
stakeholder interviews.
Site selection for the impact evaluation followed the decision tree shown in Exhibit 2-1. Based on
information gathered during the implementation assessment, the sites (listed in Exhibit 2-2) that best met
the selection criteria were asked to participate in the impact evaluation. The final selection was guided by
the need to include programs offering a variety of approaches and from different regions, as well as
expected case flow during the baseline data collection period.

Exhibit 2-1. Impact Evaluation Selection Criteria

Clearly defined program elements and goals?

No

Yes

Program elements implemented?

No

Yes

Accessible target population of adequate size?

No

Yes

Available and accessible comparison population?

No

Yes

Good administrative data?

No

Yes

Program willing to participate?

No

Excluded impact
evaluation sites

Yes

Potential impact evaluation site
Yes

Site visit results
Program and population diversity
NIJ review and input

Impact evaluation sites
(approximately 15)

Cost-Benefit Analysis
Understanding the relative costs of SVORI is critical to determining its success. The evaluation team plans
to perform a cost-benefit/effectiveness analysis that will link to the impact evaluation and provide a greater
understanding of the costs and benefits. The cost-benefit analysis will identify the additional expenditures
and resources required to operate a reentry program and the returns on investment (ROI). Integrating
findings from the implementation assessment, the impact evaluation, and cost data, the cost-benefit
analysis will attempt to determine the cost-effectiveness of reentry funds. This piece of the evaluation will
be fundamental in providing an ROI that will aid in the policy discussion surrounding the economics of
SVORI.

12

National Portrait of SVORI

Exhibit 2-2. SVORI Grantees Selected for Inclusion as Impact Evaluation Participants
State

Grantee

CO

Colorado Department of Corrections

FL

Florida Department of Juvenile Justice

IN

Indiana Department of Corrections

IA

Iowa Department of Corrections

KS

Kansas Department of Corrections
Kansas Juvenile Justice Authority

ME

Maine Department of Corrections

MD

Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services

MO

Missouri Department of Corrections

NV

Nevada Department of Corrections

OH

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction

OK

Oklahoma Department of Corrections

PA

Pennsylvania Department of Corrections

SC

South Carolina Department of Corrections
South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice

VA

Virginia Department of Corrections

WA

Washington State Department of Corrections

Dissemination
The evaluation team is committed to providing real-time information about SVORI and will
engage and inform practitioners, policy makers, researchers, local SVORI programs, and the
Federal Partners by providing frequent, useful, and accessible findings. Dissemination topics
will be tailored to the issues most important to the various constituencies that make up the
reentry community, and the evaluation team will enlist the help of the Reentry Policy
Council2 and other experts in the reentry field to determine these issues.

Future Reports

Where to Find More Information
The SVORI Multi-site Evaluation website
(http://www.svori-evaluation.org) is the
best place to find more information
about the SVORI Multi-site Evaluation.
The website provides information about
the SVORI grantees, current evaluation
activities, and reports/presentations on
evaluation findings.

This evaluation will produce several technical reports; a hallmark of this project, however, is its focus on
more immediate products of interest to practitioners. A variety of interim products will be published,
including snapshots of outcomes at the early stages of release, as well as “briefs” on best practices of
specific innovative reentry approaches. The evaluation team will also produce several topical reports that
focus on individual and site experiences in the domains of employment, substance use, public safety, and
family/community. These reports will additionally highlight the lessons learned and innovations used by
the grantees.

The remaining sections of this report provide details on the SVORI grantees, beginning with an overview
and summary of features across SVORI reentry programs. The final section includes detailed summaries
of reentry activities in each State, as well as the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

2 The Reentry Policy Council is a bipartisan collection of nearly 100 State and local government officials and community leaders who
shape criminal justice, health, housing, and social service policy by working together to craft recommendations intended to improve
reentry outcomes.

National Portrait of SVORI

13

14

National Portrait of SVORI

SECTION

3

SVORI Program Overview

This section provides an overview of programs funded through SVORI by summarizing characteristics and
components across the SVORI programs. It highlights some of the innovative practices developed in local
SVORI programs and describes some of the barriers and challenges SVORI program staff reported. The
program summary illustrates SVORI on a broad scale, while the examples of innovative strategies and
barriers highlight how specific programs are implementing reentry activities.

Program Summary
This program summary is based on aggregate-level data, drawn from document reviews, telephone
interviews, and site visits. At the time data were initially collected in fall 2003, projects were reporting
plans for their programs. The status of these plans was verified with SVORI project directors or staff in
June and July 2004. The program summary does not reflect independent verification of implementation
by the evaluation team.
There are, in total, 69 SVORI grantees representing 52 jurisdictions (all 50 States, the U.S. Virgin Islands,
and Washington, D.C.). Thirteen of these grantees are juvenile justice agencies, 45 grantees are adult
correctional agencies, and 11 are other State agencies (such as public health departments).
Many SVORI grantees operate more than one administratively distinct program, each of which generally
has a unique project director or coordinator and offers a unique set of services or targets distinct
populations. For example, some grantees have developed and are
administering different programs for adults and juveniles. Other grantees are
targeting prisoners returning to different counties. In some cases, these
counties tailor their reentry programs differently and each has its own project
director; in others, the activities across counties are quite similar and are
coordinated by a single project director. Most States (35) funded under
SVORI have a single grantee; of these, 12 grantees operate more than one
administratively distinct reentry program. Seventeen States received more
than one SVORI grant, and two of these grantees operate multiple reentry
programs. Thus, the 69 SVORI grantees are operating 88 distinct programs.
These programs are the focus of this section of the report.3
There is clear diversity among programs in how they are positioned within
their own systems, with 40 (45%) of the programs being an expansion of an
existing reentry program and 48 (55%) being new programs. In terms of
governance, 70 programs (85%) have a formal steering committee, and 12
(15%) do not.4 SVORI programs also vary widely in the characteristics of
prisoners participating in their programs, the size and geographical scope of
their programs, and the components and services they offer.

3 Some jurisdictions may be receiving funding to support reentry activities through multiple sources. This National Portrait of
SVORI focuses wherever possible on activities funded directly through SVORI. In some cases, however, disentangling which
activities are funded through distinct sources is beyond the scope of this project.
4 Data for six programs (7%) were unavailable.

National Portrait of SVORI

15

Participant Characteristics
The local SVORI programs’ targeted
populations vary with regard to age,
gender, special needs, and offense/criminal
history. As shown in Exhibit 3-1, of the
88 SVORI programs, 35 (40%) target
adults only, 34 (39%) specifically target
juveniles, 2 (2%) target youthful
offenders,5 and 17 (19%) target a
combination of adults and juveniles.6
Seventy-one programs (81%) target both
males and females, 16 (18%) target males
only, and 1 program (1%) targets females
only.

Exhibit 3-1. Age Types Targeted in SVORI Programs
Youthful
offenders
2

Juveniles
34

Adults
35

Combination
17

Although some programs have rigid eligibility requirements, most SVORI programs include a wide variety
of participants, contributing to a good deal of diversity across programs, as shown in Exhibit 3-2. In all,
50 programs (57%) do not consider offense type when selecting their target population. Additionally,
66 programs (75%) do not specifically target populations based on their needs (i.e., substance abuse,
mental illness, or co-occurring disorders). Slightly more than half of the programs (48 programs; 55%) do
not apply exclusionary criteria (e.g., sex offenders or prisoners who are severely mentally ill) when
selecting SVORI participants.

Exhibit 3-2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Enrollment in SVORI Programs

Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion Criteria
Offense Type
n

Special Populations
n
%

%

n

%

Sex offenses

2

2.3%

Substance
abusers

4

4.5%

Sex offenders

10

11.5%

Other violent
offenses

7

8.0%

Mentally ill

1

1.1%

Severely
mentally ill

8

9.2%

Combination

21

24.1%

Co-occurring
(dual diagnosis)

1

1.1%

Sex offenders
and severely
mentally ill

10

11.5%

Other

7

8.0%

Multiple special
populations

16

18.2%

Other

11

12.6%

Offense type
not used

50

57.5%

None

66

75.0%

None

48

55.2%

Total

87

100.0%

Total

88

100.0%

Total

87

100.0%

Note: The number of programs does not equal 88 for all columns because complete data were not available for all programs.

5 Programs targeting youthful offenders refer only to those individuals sentenced under Youthful Offender statutes (which cover the
sentencing of juveniles as adults, up to age 25 in some States).
6 Sixteen programs target those 18 and under, 25 programs target those between 18 and 25, 23 programs target those between 25 and
35, and 21 programs target populations specifically between the ages of 18 and 35.

16

National Portrait of SVORI

Enrollment Capacity
The programs vary in their planned annual
enrollment capacity. Of the 88 programs, 47
(53%) expect to serve 100 or fewer participants
per year, 15 (17%) expect to serve between 101
and 150 per year, and 26 (30%) expect to serve
more than 150 per year. (See Exhibit 3-3.)
Juvenile programs tend to be smaller than adult
programs, with 20 (59%) of the 34 juvenile
programs serving 100 or fewer prisoners per
year, and only 8 expecting to serve over 150 per
year. Adult programs, on the other hand, tend
to be larger, as only 15 (43%) of the 35
programs expect to serve 100 or fewer prisoners
per year, and 14 (40%) expect to serve over 150
per year.

Exhibit 3-3. Estimate of Annual Program Capacity by Population Type
25
Adult

20

20

Juvenile
Combination

15
10

15

14

Youthful Offenders

10
8
6

6

5

4

3

2

0

0
0–100

0

101–150

151+

Geographical Parameters
The programs differ in terms of how many facilities and post-release communities are being included.
Because this geographical targeting has implications for a program’s ability to concentrate SVORI
resources and the extent of a funded program’s reach, programs were classified based on whether
populations are geographically targeted before and after release. Programs that target prisoners before
release choose participants from a specific institution or group of institutions. Those that are classified as
nontargeted in the pre-release phase accept participants from any facility in the State. Programs that target
prisoners after release limit eligibility based on the area to which a former prisoner is returning, be it to
one of a selected group of counties, or a particular county, city, or area within a city. Programs defined as
nontargeted in the post-release phase place no restrictions on where a former prisoner is returning within
the State when selecting their target population.
Based on these definitions, programs were classified by the evaluation
team into one of the following four categories, as shown in Exhibit 3-4:
(1) Targeted Pre- and Post-release, (2) Targeted Pre-release/
Nontargeted Post-release, (3) Nontargeted Pre-release/Targeted Postrelease, and (4) Nontargeted Pre- and Post-release. Two-thirds of the
SVORI programs (58) have chosen to specify geographical parameters
for the target population both before and after release. Only 5%
(4 programs) target participants geographically in the pre-release phase
but not in the post-release phase. Twenty-five percent (22) of the
programs place post-release geographical restrictions on participation
but set no particular restrictions on where participants are located
prior to release. Finally, 5% (4) do not place restrictions on target
geography in either the pre-release or post-release phases of their
programs.

Exhibit 3-4. Pre- and Post-release Geographical Parameters

Nontargeted/
Targeted
22

Targeted/
Nontargeted
4

Nontargeted/
Nontargeted
4

Targeted/
Targeted
58

National Portrait of SVORI

17

Program Components and Duration
SVORI programs are encouraged to implement a multi-phased approach. Although the structure varies,
programs usually plan at least one pre-release phase and at least one post-release phase. The pre-release,
institutionally based phase generally entails the selection of eligible participants and the initiation of
SVORI programming and services. During the pre-release phase, most programs begin the development of
a reentry plan for each participant. This plan usually assesses basic needs (e.g., medical services, food,
shelter, and clothing).

Exhibit 3-5. Pre-release Components

Programs Offering

Components

Number

%

Assessment (risk and/or needs)

85

97%

Plan development (case management, treatment plan
development, and/or release plan development)

84

95%

Substance abuse treatment

82

93%

Mental health counseling

80

91%

Medical and/or dental services

71

81%

Employment and/or education training

84

95%

Housing assistance

62
68

70%
77%

80

91%

Faith-based services
Other (parenting, domestic violence, life skills, and/or
anger management)

Exhibit 3-6. Pre-release Programming Duration

45
40
35
25

30
25
20
15

19
14

13

11

6

10
5
0
1–3
Months

18

4–6
Months

7–9
Months

National Portrait of SVORI

10–1
Months

>12
Months

Variable

Most programs plan to provide a wide array of services
to SVORI participants. Ninety-seven percent (85) of
the 88 programs are expecting to provide either a risk
or needs assessment prior to release (the vast majority
of these programs use both types of assessments), and
95% (84) plan to provide all, or a combination, of the
following services: case management, treatment plan
development, and release plan development. (See
Exhibit 3-5.) Some services may also be provided to
non-SVORI participants within the facilities.
The length of time during which SVORI participants
are identified and begin receiving services varies across
programs, from 1 month to more than 12 months prior
to release. The majority of programs (57; 65%) plan to
begin pre-release programming between 4 months and
1 year prior to release. (See Exhibit 3-6.)
A post-release phase usually includes review and
modification of the reentry plan by a transition team
and the SVORI participant, regardless of whether
SVORI participants will be under official post-release
supervision (generally probation or parole). The
transition team may be located in the criminal justice
system (including correctional or post-release
supervision staff) or a community (including faithbased) organization, and may include a variety of
members. The transition team develops a schedule
involving case management, employment services,
supervision and monitoring, transitional housing,
treatment, and aftercare. As in the pre-release phase,
programs plan to offer a wide range of services to
SVORI participants in the post-release phase (these
services may also be provided to non-SVORI
participants within the community). In the post-release

phase, 97% of programs expect to offer employment
or education training, and over 90% will offer mental
health counseling and substance abuse treatment.
(See Exhibit 3-7.)
Many SVORI programs operating in States that release
prisoners under parole supervision include a second
post-release phase designed so that participants
continue to receive support from the community
following the completion of their parole term.
During this sustaining phase, program administrators
encourage participants to maintain contact with
personal social support networks and to be involved
in community reintegration activities.
The most common length of combined post-release
phases is 10 to 12 months (28 programs; 32%); onefifth (18 programs) expect to provide intensive services
only during the first 3 months following release. Nine
programs (8%) plan to offer services for more than
1 year. (See Exhibit 3-8.)

Exhibit 3-7. Post-release Components
Components

Programs Offering
Number

%

Assessment (risk and/or needs)

78

89%

Plan development (case management, treatment plan
development, and/or release plan development)

83

94%

Substance abuse treatment

85

97%

Mental health counseling

84

95%

Medical and/or dental services

60

68%

Employment and/or education training

85

97%

Housing assistance

75
73

85%
83%

77

87%

Faith-based services
Other (parenting, domestic violence, life skills, and/or
anger management

Exhibit 3-8. Post-release Programming Duration

45
40
35
30
25
20

28
18

15

15
11

10
5
0

9

7

1–3
Months

4–6
Months

7–9
Months

10–12
Months

>12
Months

Variable

This program summary has shown a number of interesting patterns. Most programs—
particularly those serving juveniles—are small, and most are focusing resources in a few facilities
and communities. Perhaps because the sites have chosen to concentrate resources, they plan to
provide a comprehensive array of programs and services to their program participants, consistent
with SVORI’s overall objectives. As shown in the following subsection, many of the grantees have
incorporated innovative features into their local SVORI programs.

National Portrait of SVORI

19

Program Highlights
Each of the SVORI programs is engaged in an effort to reform and revitalize its State’s approach to
facilitating the successful reentry of its program participants. This subsection illustrates some of the
programs and practices that are being implemented across the SVORI grantees. As with any new
undertaking, the programs are also encountering challenges as they reform and involve other agencies in
the reentry process. The most common of these challenges and barriers are also discussed.

Innovative Practices
SVORI is intended to help States develop new and innovative approaches to transitioning prisoners into
the community in ways that reduce the likelihood that SVORI participants will engage in new criminal
behavior and return to prison. Such practices include using data to make strategic decisions, overseeing
release with reentry courts, offering pre-release curricula, and utilizing video-conferencing to facilitate
coordination and community in-reach. In addition, the programs are involving many people and
organizations in the reentry process, including families, law enforcement, faith-based organizations,
community accountability panels, victim witness advocates, and the offenders themselves. A goal of many
of the programs is to establish community service provider networks that will identify and access the
services and programs individuals need once they return to the community. Finally, some programs are
developing graduated sanctions to tailor appropriate levels of response to varying degrees of misconduct.
This selection of innovative practices is described in more detail below. These strategies were gleaned from
communications with SVORI program directors and are illustrative—not exhaustive—of the many
innovative activities underway across the country. (For details on each program’s activities, see Section 4.)

Using Data to Support Strategic Decisions
Data can be an important part of programming decisions about how to use funding. Relying on data helps
corrections and community supervision staff be confident that they are making the best use of their
programming resources to target specific types of offenders or specific geographical locations in the State.
For example, some SVORI programs have reviewed data to determine the extent of particular types of
special needs in the corrections population, such as co-occurring substance abuse and mental health issues.
Others have focused their efforts on releasing prisoners who meet a particular threshold of need
determined by an assessment instrument. Still others are targeting particular counties, cities, or
neighborhoods in response to data that demonstrate that the majority of former prisoners in their State
return to those areas. In addition to using data prior to implementation, some programs continue to
collect and analyze data on the program and its participants to assess the effectiveness of the program;
such programs may use data to determine when and how to make mid-course corrections.

Grantee Examples of Data-Driven Strategies
• The Wyoming Department of Corrections selected target post-release counties that had the highest expectation of success based on recidivism
data. The State also examined data from other correctional programs within the State to identify facilities that would be expected to benefit
substantially from the reentry services based on past experience with programming.
• The West Virginia Division of Juvenile Services used economic and probation caseload data to identify 10 rural counties that showed a combination
of economic disadvantage and high probation caseloads. By determining which counties were the most disadvantaged, they were better able to
strategically focus their programming efforts on the counties with the most need.

20

National Portrait of SVORI

Providing Oversight: Reentry Court
One approach to managing former prisoners who are returning to their communities is the use of reentry
courts. Court-based reentry management has the advantage of allowing the reentry process to begin at
sentencing and continue throughout the release period (Travis and Lawrence, 2002). In addition, courtbased models are able to leverage judicial authority and to maximize the use of sanctions and rewards.
However, not all reentry courts have the judicial branch as the authoritative body, with some programs
involving administrative law judges instead (Lindquist, Hardison, and Lattimore, in press). Reentry courts
typically draw on the drug court model, based on the recognition that using judicial authority to apply
sanctions and rewards and to marshal resources has been shown to be effective in drug courts (Belenko,
2001; Gottfredson and Exum, 2002; Fielding, Tye, Ogawa, Imam, and Long, 2002; Turner et al., 2002;
Banks and Gottfredson, 2003), and that a similar model could be applied to support prisoner
reintegration. Although little is known about the implementation or effectiveness of this relatively new
approach to managing prisoner reentry, reentry courts may hold promise for establishing a system of
accountability and support during the reentry process.

Grantee Example of Reentry Courts
The Indiana Department of Corrections operates a reentry court program. Upon release, participants are brought to Allen County Community
Corrections (ACCC), given an in-depth forensic and risk assessment, and put on electronic monitoring. The first Friday after release, they appear
before the judge for the first reentry court hearing, where they are informed about the program. Two weeks later, they meet with the judge again and a
reintegration plan is imposed by the court; adherence to this plan is a condition for continued freedom. The participant continues to appear before the
court every 2 to 5 weeks, depending on need, to review progress and to assess any problems that might arise. ACCC provides continual supervision
and services for up to 2 years. A reentry team handles case management and makes recommendations to the judge. Throughout this process, the
court provides oversight using a pre-established set of graduated sanctions and rewards. The reentry court offers an array of reintegration services for
participant referral. The court also shares a strong relationship with the faith-based community—local pastors attend court hearings and offer
mentoring services.

Preparing Offenders for Reentry: Pre-release Curriculum-Based Programs
Some SVORI grantees have developed curriculum-based, classroom programs for incarcerated offenders.
This coursework approach is intended to better prepare prisoners for their reentry experience. Such
courses provide prisoners with information about what to expect once they are released, how to handle
particular situations, how and where to seek help if needed, how to deal with the daily tasks of living, and
how to work toward successful reintegration into their community and family. The idea is that this new
information and skill set will ultimately lower the risk of recidivism. The courses vary in length, and the
intensity of offender participation varies across sites.

Grantee Example of Reentry Curriculum
The Iowa Going Home Keys program is a 12-week in-prison course that SVORI clients returning to Des Moines participate in on a daily basis during
the months just before release. The class covers computer skills, basic vocational training, employment issues, money management, family issues,
substance abuse issues, and strategies for managing leisure time. Course participants are introduced to the Des Moines area service network, which
they can tap into for assistance upon release. Community service providers across a number of service domains (e.g., welfare-to-work, social security,
child support enforcement, substance abuse, mental health) conduct presentations during the course so that prisoners can meet with them, increasing
the likelihood that prisoners will seek out their support upon release. Course participants also have the opportunity to meet post-release case
managers from the Des Moines Area Community College and the dedicated parole officer assigned to all Keys clients.

National Portrait of SVORI

21

Using Video-Conferencing to Facilitate Interaction, Communication, and Connections to
the Community
A number of SVORI programs use video-conferencing technology to mitigate barriers associated with the
physical distance between a prisoner and the community. This distance, which can stretch across an entire
State, can affect the ability of the community to connect with the prisoner prior to release, as well as make
cross-agency coordination and communication challenging. It is a particular challenge for rural and large
States. The use of video-conferencing during the incarceration term allows for offenders to participate in
post-release planning with agency representatives in their home community, providing a more personal,
face-to-face connection than telephone conversations. Video-Conferencing can also be used to connect
prisoners with family members and mentors in the community to establish and maintain supportive
personal relationships that are then continued following release. Some SVORI programs use videoconferencing technology as a way to facilitate communication across SVORI partner agencies and facilities.
Meetings accomplished through this method reduce travel time and costs and allow for higher-quality
interaction.

Grantee Examples of Video-Conferencing Use
• The Maine Reentry Network provides video-conferencing so that offenders can meet with community-based organization staff prior to release, as
well as match offenders to community mentors. Video- and tele-conferencing are also used to connect the reentry teams at each facility for overall
program planning and service provision.
• The Mississippi Juvenile Reentry program utilizes video-conferencing while the offenders are in prison so that they can meet with community service
providers or family members.
• The Washington Going Home program targets prisoners returning to three counties, two of which are in the Seattle area, and the third located in the
far eastern part of the State (Spokane). Program participants are housed in four prison facilities across the State; however, many prisoners are held
in the main facility in Walla Walla, which is located in the southern portion of the State, far away from any of the target counties. SVORI funds were
used to introduce video-conferencing technology, which is allowing more frequent and effective meetings to occur across facilities and county-based
reentry planning teams.

Involving the Family in Reentry
Many adult and juvenile SVORI programs focus on reintegration with families and the importance of
assisting former prisoners with the transition back to the family. Some of these programs involve bringing
family members into the facility, along with a case manager who will work with prisoners once they are
released, to strategize as a group about transition needs and services. Other programs continue or start
contact with family members once former prisoners are in the community; these programs provide
services not only to the individual to assist in reintegration, but also to the larger family group to ease
stresses and challenges.

Grantee Example of Family Involvement
The Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs is implementing a Multi-systemic Therapy (MST) approach, which relies heavily on involvement of family
members both while youth are in the facility and once they are released. In fact, a youth cannot participate in MST unless a designated family
member or another significant adult also participates. The program staff work to address challenges and issues facing the whole family network as a
way to ease the reintegration process and increase the potential success of the returning youth.

22

National Portrait of SVORI

Involving Law Enforcement in Reentry: Support and Accountability
In some SVORI programs, law enforcement personnel play an integral role in both pre-release and postrelease activities. Police involvement in reentry may emphasize social support through community
building and/or deterrence through heightened surveillance. For example, in several cities police are
collaborating with parole officers, treatment providers, and members of the faith community to deliver
unified messages of support and surveillance—both pre- and post-release. Involving law enforcement in
reentry provides officers with new opportunities to connect to their communities and to take community
policing to a new level. This strategy can also have a positive impact on victims of crime, children of
offenders, and neighborhoods.

Grantee Example of Law Enforcement Involvement
Law enforcement is a key player on the Kansas Department of Corrections SVORI team. A law enforcement representative meets with SVORI clients
before they are released from prison. Clients learn about law enforcement’s role on their reentry team, and the officer discusses issues related to the
neighborhood to which they are returning, including community expectations and available resources. Another purpose of this meeting is to give law
enforcement a human side to diminish adversarial feelings prisoners may have toward police and to communicate support in the reentry process. A
law enforcement representative sits on every community accountability panel—without voting rights—to communicate accountability to the offender
and to celebrate successes.

Involving the Broader Community in Reentry: Faith-Based Organizations
One of the community partnerships suggested by the Federal partners in the funding solicitation for sites
was with the faith-based community. In conceptualizing and implementing their reentry programs, many
sites have developed strong collaborations with local faith-based agencies, including both individual faithbased organizations and umbrella groups representing numerous faith-based organizations in the
community. Roles for faith-based organizations in the SVORI sites are varied and include providing
services such as emergency aid (e.g., clothing, food banks), mentoring, pastoral counseling, employment,
transportation, and housing; conducting needs assessments for program participants (pre- and/or postrelease); coordinating family and community support for individual offenders; providing case management
services to program participants; providing guidance to the program through participation in the
program’s steering committee or advisory board; and serving as community advocates for the SVORI
program. Several of the programs emphasized the value of involving faith-based organizations in their
SVORI programs, particularly in the final phase of reentry during which formal supervision ends and the
responsibility for successful reintegration shifts to the community.

Grantee Example of Faith-Based Organization Involvement
The Michigan Department of Corrections reentry program is supported by the strong involvement of a local faith-based organization, Wings of Faith.
This organization provides case management for all reentry clients. As program participants enter the pre-release facility in which they receive reentry
programming, they are assigned to a Wings of Faith case manager. During the months prior to release, these case managers go into the participating
facilities to conduct needs assessments and begin addressing barriers to success. After release, they continue to work closely with the parole officer
assigned to participants. Although some agencies require that a service referral come from a parole officer, the Wings of Faith case managers provide
the majority of service referrals (as well as needs assessments) for program participants. A notable feature of the program is that Wings of Faith and
the parole officer are co-located in a one-stop center (The Samaritan Center) that also houses numerous local nonprofit service providers, facilitating
more immediate access to services. Wings of Faith also does much of the public relations work and marketing for the program, which has helped
promote community support.

National Portrait of SVORI

23

Involving the Broader Community in Reentry: Community Accountability Panels
Some SVORI programs are working with community members as stakeholders in the reentry process
through Community Accountability Panels or Boards. The goal of such panels is to embrace a restorative
justice model whereby community members work with former prisoners to reintegrate into and give
back to the community they left. The panel gives former prisoners the message that the community
as a whole is aware of their return and serves as an informal supervision mechanism. More important,
however, the panel provides a network of support for former prisoners to celebrate successes, brainstorm
service solutions when roadblocks are met, and negotiate appropriate sanctions from community
supervision agencies.

Grantee Example of Community Accountability Panels
The Kansas Department of Corrections has a very active community accountability panel. It includes representatives from a number of service
providers in the Topeka area, as well as community members with an interest in assisting former prisoners; parole and law enforcement
representatives serve as non-voting members. The panel greets the returning community member within 18 days of release to offer assistance and
describe its role in the accountability process. The panel then meets with the former prisoner every 6 weeks. The intensive community case manager
briefs the panel members about the person’ s progress or concerns over the past 6 weeks, and then the group, along with the former prisoner,
discusses how to proceed. The panel serves two functions: intervention and celebration. The intent is to provide a community network of support and
recognition a former prisoner would not otherwise have.

Using Community-Based Organizations to Strengthen Community Linkages
Whereas traditionally, correctional agents handle case management and supervision of released prisoners,
several SVORI grantees have contracted with local community-based organizations (CBOs) to provide
post-release case management and service coordination. In this model, community-based staff can
provide case management services that draw on an understanding of community dynamics and can better
utilize potential community resources. In one State, multiple CBO staff are hired and managed by an
intermediary organization with whom the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services has
subcontracted; in another, the CBO has a direct contract with the SVORI grantee.

Grantee Examples of CBO Involvement
• The Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services has contracted with the Enterprise Foundation (a private, not-for-profit,
community-building organization) to act as an intermediary to provide case management and advocacy for the Re-entry Partnership (REP) Initiative
clients. Because more than half of Maryland’ s prisoners return to a handful of neighborhoods in Baltimore, Enterprise contracts specifically with five
CBOs, which then hire and supervise the case managers and advocates. The case managers do a pre-release assessment, develop a case plan for
the prisoner, and continue to follow the released prisoner into the community. The community advocates are former prisoners who are hired to act as
peer mentors to REP participants.
• The Pennsylvania Department of Corrections has contracted with the largest CBO in Erie County—Greater Erie Community Action Committee—
which has hired staff to provide case management. In this site, not only is the organization knowledgeable about the community, but it serves as a
one-stop center for the other services it provides (e.g., drug treatment and vocational/employment services).

24

National Portrait of SVORI

Considering the Victims in Reentry: Collaboration with Victim Witness Advocates
An important component of some SVORI programs is including the victim’s perspective in reentry
planning and implementation of reintegration processes. Ensuring that the “voice of the victim” is heard
requires collaboration and openness to building the partnerships that can increase offenders’ chances of
success while holding them accountable for their actions. Victim service providers and victim advocates
play a critical role in successful reentry planning by serving as liaisons to victims, ensuring victims’ rights
and providing “wraparound” services that address victims’ needs during the reentry process (Seymour,
2001).

Grantee Example of Victim Involvement
The Maine Department of Corrections routinely works with its victim witness program to ensure that the victim of the crime can provide input into the
release planning for the person who committed the crime. Once prisoners are referred into the SVORI program, the victim witness advocates are
notified that they are clients of the program. The victim witness advocate then informs the victim that the offender is part of a special reentry program,
which is preparing the offender for release. The victim is informed about what the program entails and is encouraged to contact the victim witness
advocate to provide feedback and share concerns about the particular offender’s return. If necessary, victim witness advocates also work with victims
on safety planning issues to ensure that the victims are prepared for any type of circumstance. The victims become part of the reentry team, develop
reintegration plans, and provide input on appropriate services and release conditions.

Involving Former Prisoners in Reentry Programs: Peer Support
Some SVORI programs have made an explicit effort to involve former prisoners in the network of support
provided to newly released prisoners. Involving former prisoners in the reentry programming process
creates an opportunity for mutual peer support as they navigate the reentry process. Such peer support
networks may help them feel an increased sense of connection and assistance from others who have
already walked the same path. These peer relationships may also increase the likelihood that former
prisoners continue to be productive members of the community. Former prisoners can be involved in
reentry programs in a variety of ways. They can serve as peer mentors to those who are newly released,
committing to meet in an ongoing one-on-one relationship; they can facilitate support groups that provide
opportunities to share concerns and advice about the reintegration process and how best to deal with
challenges; and they can serve as former prisoner representatives on community accountability panels,
participating in the supervision and support activities these panels provide for new releasees.

Grantee Examples of Involving Offenders in Peer Support
• The Ohio Community-Oriented Reentry (CORE) program incorporates peer support into its program strategy. Several community agencies facilitate
peer support partnerships between former prisoners and prisoners released through CORE. Once CORE participants complete their supervision
requirements (1 year following release), they are offered the opportunity to join other former prisoners as members of the community reentry
management team, which meets with and supports CORE participants.
• Over 7 years ago in Minnesota, female offenders who were being released from prison worked together to create an organization focusing on family
and community. This organization, Faith-Based Call, provides employment, housing, and counseling services to newly released female offenders. It
has since expanded to provide similar services to men and is now a partner in the Minnesota Department of Corrections SVORI program, providing
a peer-support opportunity for the reentry program participants.
• The Oklahoma Department of Corrections provides an opportunity for peer support through support groups. SVORI participants facilitate groups to
provide one another with support networks to address their unique issues and needs as they go through the process of reentering the community.

National Portrait of SVORI

25

Creating Community Service Provider Networks Focused on Reentry
Developing a community service network can be challenging, as bringing agencies together to work toward
a common goal requires significant time investment and relationship building. With this in mind, some
SVORI programs have hired individuals whose job it is to create a service provider network that focuses on
returning prisoners, addresses gaps in services areas, and prioritizes services to this group. Programs use
different terms for this position, including “Boundary Spanner” and “Reentry Specialist.” Regardless of the
title, this work involves talking with community agencies, educating providers about the unique needs of
former prisoners, and building positive relationships with providers so that they either prioritize or begin
to serve returning prisoners. Although the provider network developers may or may not work directly
with returning prisoners, they do the important job of making sure there is a cadre of service providers
able and willing to accept referrals from case managers and work with individuals toward success.

Grantee Examples of Building Community Service Provider Networks
• The Minnesota Department of Corrections SVORI program supports a Community Resource Developer, who is charged with developing a “preferred
provider service network” of social service agencies that provide services to returning prisoners. The Community Resource Developer maintains an
up-to-date list of over 70 local service providers, which is used by the Community Resource Coordinators, who provide case management to
program participants.
• In the Washington Going Home program, each participating county has a dedicated Community Advisor who coordinates and brokers services for
Going Home participants. This function is distinct from case management services provided by Community Risk Management Specialists.

Using Graduated Sanctions to Reduce Reincarceration
Individuals released from prison who ultimately return do so for a number of reasons, including violation
of the conditions of their supervision. Some reentry programs are making efforts to develop and apply a
set of responses that increase in severity based on the seriousness of the infraction. Such graduated
sanctions allow for a range of responses to address misconduct, thus reducing the reliance on
reincarceration without counteracting or negating the progress that released prisoners may have already
made.

Grantee Example of the Use of Graduated Sanctions
Nevada’s Going Home Prepared program has developed a set of intermediate sanctions used during the first year after release. Program participants
receive 6 months of intensive parole supervision, as well as monthly progress reviews by the reentry court. Both the court and the parole officer can
impose appropriate, graduated sanctions to address non-compliance with program and parole-release requirements. The program has developed a
system that places parole misconduct on a low-to-high continuum with four levels. For example, Level 1 of the misconduct scale consists of minor
infractions such as non-payment of fees, a missed or positive drug test, and failure to participate in community service. The corresponding response
may be a verbal or written warning, a curfew, a writing assignment, or increased drug testing. On the other end of the scale, Level 4 misconduct
includes a new felony conviction, violent behavior, and indictment for violation offense. The response to these most serious transgressions may be a
combination of Level 1–3 sanctions or revocation of parole. The reentry court also grants incentives to reward program participation and success,
such as reducing the number of times participants have to meet with the parole officer, and increases in privileges.

26

National Portrait of SVORI

Barriers and Challenges
In implementing various approaches to facilitating prisoner reentry, the SVORI programs have reported
several challenges; some are common across many sites, though others are unique to specific programs.
Many of the barriers discussed below, all of which were specifically mentioned by project directors in the
course of site visits, are a direct result of engaging in a “new way of doing business” and are closely
associated with forging new community partnerships. Future reports from the Multi-site Evaluation will
include a more extensive review of these and other barriers, as well as an analysis of specific strategies that
programs used to overcome them.

Coordinating Activities across Disparate Systems
Because SVORI is designed to bring together agencies that traditionally have not worked together, some
programs have reported barriers related to interagency coordination. For example, some programs have
experienced “turf ” issues, as agencies work to develop trust and learn to partner with one another. In
order to overcome these issues, programs have had to focus on creating common goals and improving
communication among agencies and staff. Barriers between institutional and community staff were cited
as particularly difficult to overcome, since these two groups historically have not interacted regularly with
one another. Even within institutions, some programs report that conflict between types of staff poses a
challenge, with programming and custody staff having disparate or conflicting priorities. In addition to
ideological differences among (or within) agencies, logistical issues related to coordination may also be a
challenge; programs may have to employ creative solutions to streamline the potentially conflicting
standard operating procedures and timelines among various agencies.

Partnering with the Community
Several programs identified community partnerships as particularly important to the success of the SVORI
program. However, establishing and facilitating communication among government agencies and a variety
of appropriate service providers has proven to be a challenge in some sites. Although some programs have
not had any difficulty integrating faith-based organizations, others have noted being challenged by
including faith-based components in their programs’ reintegration efforts. Forging new relationships with
any CBO that has not previously worked with correctional agencies or populations is challenging (and
certainly not unique to faith-based organizations). Because many programs
expect that such CBOs will ultimately play a major role in providing longterm support for returning prisoners once their formal supervision period
This aggregate review of the initial data
has ended, these partnerships are essential to the success of some SVORI
gathered from SVORI grantees and programs
programs.
provides an overview of the similarities and
differences across programs funded through
Identifying Participants for Pre-release Programming
SVORI, as well as some innovative practices
Another barrier that programs encounter is the inability to identify release
implemented by these programs. As with any
dates in time to provide sufficient pre-release programming. Although the
large-scale, cross-agency initiative, reentry
intention of SVORI was to ensure the provision of at least 1 year of preefforts come with inherent challenges, but
release services, not all sites have been able to achieve this goal. Several
SVORI grantees are working to overcome
programs have indicated difficulty in accurately identifying eligible
them through increased communication and
participants early enough to provide extensive pre-release programming. In
collaboration. The following and final section
some sites, this barrier may be related to shifting sentence lengths and
of the report describes specific reentry
release dates, in that many otherwise eligible participants may not be able to
program activities, providing an overview for
be enrolled because of a sentence length that would not accommodate 1 year
each State, information on SVORI grantees,
of programming. Programs located in States still using discretionary release
and details on specific program
may experience particular difficulty in planning for reentry services, because
implementation activities.
the date of release is not known ahead of time.

National Portrait of SVORI

27

28

National Portrait of SVORI

SECTION

4

SVORI Program Details by State

This section describes the 69 grantees funded by SVORI. The information is organized by State (including
the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands) and is based on proposals and workplans submitted
by the grantees, telephone interviews with program directors, and site visits to selected grantees. All
acronyms and abbreviations referenced in this section are defined in Appendix C.
The summary for each State begins with an overview of the SVORI grant organization describing the
distribution and target populations of grantees and administrative programs throughout the State. 7
When available, the rationale for selection of the target areas or demographics (as reported by grantees)
is provided. Adult admission and release trends8 are included as additional context for jurisdictions
targeting adults; equivalent juvenile data were not available across all States.
A grantee overview follows and includes the address for the local SVORI website (when available),
descriptive information regarding the grantee’s data management system and local evaluation plans,
and a listing of the individual SVORI programs operated by the grantee.
Each SVORI program is then described in detail, including the target population, inclusion criteria, prerelease facilities involved, steering committees involved, and communities to which released prisoners are
returning. The individual programs are depicted according to the phases participants go through as they
prepare for return to the community. The majority of the programs are implementing three phases,
generally including pre- and post-release programming and long-term support.
The description of each of the program phases includes an identification of specific
risk and needs assessments administered, the duration of the phase, components
and services offered within the phase, and a description of service coordination
activities. Within the description of components, unique aspects of the program
are highlighted, including descriptions of reentry planning, case management,
and specialized services. The more typical reentry services (e.g., substance abuse
treatment, mental health services, education) are listed together. Each program
description concludes with an overview of system-level and individual-level changes
intended to result from SVORI funding as reported by the projects.9

Although every effort has been made to present
the information contained in this section
consistently, the following summaries are based
primarily on project director reports and therefore
vary widely. Much of the reported information
reflects each grantee’s planned activities and
components. Although this information was
verified by project directors and grant
coordinators in June and July 2004, the
implementation status of such activities and
components is not addressed in this report.
This report documents the presence of many
of the common themes noted across programs
(e.g., case management, project governance,
cross-agency interaction); an implementation
assessment being conducted as part of the
SVORI Multi-site Evaluation will present such
activities with more systematic detail.

7 Each State has a unique configuration of grantees and programs within its jurisdiction.
8 Adult admission and release trends were compiled from several sources and are referenced in each State summary.
9 System-level changes include organizational changes such as new collaboration among community agencies, and individual-level changes include
participant-specific changes such as increased availability of services.

National Portrait of SVORI

29

ALABAMA

SVORI Grantees in Alabama
• Alabama Department of Youth
Services (AL DYS)
• Alabama Department of Economic
and Community Affairs
(AL DECA)

Alabama has two SVORI grantees: one focused on juveniles returning to
Mobile County (depicted in the map below) and one focused on female
adults returning statewide. The juvenile program targets those returning to
Mobile County because that community has developed an array of local
alternative sentencing options and therefore sends only the most serious and
chronic offenders to DYS; these offenders later return to the community with no aftercare. Females are targeted in
the adult program because of a recent significant increase in the number of female serious and violent offenders and
because of the consequences for families of offenders with dependent children. The line chart below provides BJS
statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Alabama over a 24-year period.
Alabama SVORI Target Areas

Alabama Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

12000
Admissions
Releases

10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
78

Mobile

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Juvenile

Both

Adult

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Alabama Department of Youth Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Monthly reports and Alabama Administrative Office of Courts Information System

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Going Home to Mobile

AL DYS

Going Home to Mobile

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

101–150

Inclusion criteria

Repeat offenders

Exclusion criteria

Severely mentally ill

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

30

Male and female juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

Males exiting AL DYS Mt. Meigs facility and females exiting AL DYS
Chalkville facility
Mobile County
Mandatory
All participants are under community supervision

AL DYS

Going Home to Mobile

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

A reentry coalition or task force meets to set guidelines for supervision of offenders
returning to the community
Mobile County Juvenile Court
3

Phase 1: In-Facility: Prepare Youth
Offender for Reentry

Phase 2: Structured Transition

Phase 3: Community Reentry

Duration: 1–3 months

Duration: 7–9 months

Duration: 4–6 months

Assessments: Ongoing risk and needs
assessment

Assessments: Ongoing risk and needs
assessment

Assessments: Risk and needs assessments
Y-LSI, the POSIT, Career Scope, and
Magellan Vocational Assessment
Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management with a focus on
matching future youth offender needs
and current family needs with
community resources
• Treatment plan development
• Individualized Reentry Plan development
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical and
dental services, employment skills
training, education, housing assistance,
parenting skills training, domestic
violence counseling, life skills training,
faith-based services, individual
counseling, and trauma counseling
Coordination of services:

Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase:
• Reentry plan is completed
• Participant is given a pass/furlough
home to meet with formal and informal
support
• Networks identified in the Individualized
Reentry Plan
• In addition to services begun in Phase 1,
services that become available in this
phase include mentoring, employment
opportunities with identified church
members, tutoring, youth group
activities, counseling provided by church
Youth Development staff, and
mainstream participation in a variety
of church-sponsored youth activities
Coordination of services:
• Mobile-based Reentry Case Manager

• Case management with a focus on
reinforcing targeted areas designed to
increase chances for successful
integration
• Revision of treatment plan and reentry
plan
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical and
dental services, employment skills
training, education, housing assistance,
parenting skills training, domestic
violence counseling, life skills training,
anger management classes, faith-based
services, and after school programming
Coordination of services:
• Mobile-based Reentry Case Manager

• Institutional Case Manager
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes
• Providing a more comprehensive range of services to youth returning to Mobile County

National Portrait of SVORI

31

SVORI Grantee: Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Will be relying on the AL DOC to provide lists of offenders who meet participation criteria

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Adult Females

AL DECA

Adult Females

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Female adults
151–200

Inclusion criteria

Repeat offenders; those who have committed violent offenses other than Murder 1,
Part 1 violent offenses, or Class A felonies

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders

Pre-release facilities

Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women

Post-release locations

Statewide

Participation

Voluntary

Legal release status

Participants are under parole/probation

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Unknown
With judicial approval, some will be released through Community Corrections (ADOC)
and others will be released through an independent parole board
4

Phase 1: Assessment and Planning

Phase 2: Institutionally Based Program

Duration: Unknown

Duration: Unknown

Assessments: Risk and needs assessment

Assessments: Ongoing risk and needs assessment

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Development and periodic review and revision of the reentry
plan

• Ongoing review and revision of reentry plan

• Case management and formation of a transition team
Coordination of services:
• University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Treatment Alternatives
to Street Crime’s (UAB TASC) case manager with assistance
from the transition team

• Ongoing case management by transition team led by the case
manager
• Reunification of participants with their children through
monthly visitation and Story Book project (mother is taped
reading a story for her children—tape and story book are
mailed to the child)
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, education, employment skills/vocational training,
job fairs, parenting skills classes, life skills training, faith-based
services, mentoring, and domestic violence support groups
Coordination of services:
• UAB TASC’s case manger with assistance from transition team

32

National Portrait of SVORI

AL DECA

Adult Females

Phase 3: Community-Based Transition Program

Phase 4: Community-Based Long-Term Support

Duration: 1 year minimum

Duration: Unknown

Assessments: Ongoing risk and needs assessment

Assessments: Unknown

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Ongoing case management, including intensive supervision
and highly structured activities; supervision will include
random drug and alcohol testing, day reporting, employment
verification, sanctions, and incentives for compliance

• Aftercare treatment groups

• Restitution and community service program

• Continuation of assistance in accessing benefits and support
(e.g., SSI and TANF)

• Continuation of services provided in Phase 2
• New services available in Phase 3 include transitional housing,
transportation assistance, HIV/AIDS education and counseling,
access to medical care, assistance in obtaining benefits, and
support (e.g., SSI, SSDI, TANF, Medicaid, Medicare)

• Continuation of mentor relationships
• Continuation of faith-based services

Coordination of services:
• Aletheia House

Coordination of services:
• UAB TASC’s case manager with assistance from the transition
team
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Conducting a comprehensive needs assessment from which a
reentry plan is developed

• Inclusion of the offender and the victim in reentry planning

• Assignment of a dedicated staff person whose job is to open
channels of communication and collaboration between
agencies and facilitate services for offenders post-release
• Involvement of community resource providers in the
transition process with regular feedback about how things
are going

• Opportunity to meet with community resource providers
before leaving the institution
• Increased supervision and post-release incentives for
compliance
• Long-term post-release support and assistance after the
offender is no longer under supervision

• Formation of a transition team to supervise and guide the
transition process
• Development of a core curriculum required for participants

National Portrait of SVORI

33

ALASKA

SVORI Grantees in Alaska
• Alaska Department of Corrections
(AK DOC)
• Alaska Department of Health and
Social Services (AK DHSS)

Alaska has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults and one focused on
juveniles, each targeting specific areas of the state (depicted in the map
below). Serious and violent offenders may have to relocate to urban areas for
the majority of the time they are under post-sentence supervision, as these
are the areas where specialized treatment and supervision resources exist.
Juneau and Bethel, regional hubs for their areas of the state, already provide some services to reentering offenders from
these communities. SVORI funding enables Alaska to expand outreach and services to the many smaller rural
communities feeding into these hubs. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release
trends in Alaska over a 24-year period.
Alaska Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002
Number of Admissions/Releases

Alaska SVORI Target Areas

Juneau
Anchorage

Bethel

3000
2500

Admissions
Releases

2000
1500
1000
500
0

Juvenile

Adult

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Alaska Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

AK DOC’s MIS will be used to identify and track participants

Local evaluation planned

Yes

Program name

Alaska Adult “Going Home”

AK DOC

Alaska Adult “Going Home”

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Fewer than 50 in the first year

Inclusion criteria

All serious and violent offenders, including those who have committed sex offenses, burglary,
felony attempted burglary, or other crimes against a person; repeat offenders; and very serious
first-time offenders

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

34

Male adults and youthful offenders

National Portrait of SVORI

Lemon Creek and Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) State prisons
The Juneau and Bethel communities and people being released to smaller and isolated
villages/communities
Voluntary
Participants are under probation/parole

AK DOC

Alaska Adult “Going Home”

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Two Reentry Steering Committees (one in Southeast Alaska and the other in the YK delta)
AK DOC
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based Plan
Duration: 4–6 months
Assessments: LSI-R, Static-99 for sex
offenders, chemical dependency
assessment, behavioral health assessment,
TABE, and the Power Path Program

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based
Long-Term Support

Duration: 2 months

Duration: 13–24 months

Assessments: Risk assessment and
supervision needs assessment, and
continuation of other assessments used
Components/services offered within phase: in Phase 1 as milestones that require
reevaluation are reached
• Development of an individualized
Components/services offered within phase:
supervision and reentry plan
• Case management, led by an institutional • Refinement of the individualized supervision and reentry plan, with increased
case manager with involvement from
focus on the community aspects of the
institutional staff, community members,
program
and probation officers
• Continued case management with a shift
• Specific targeted services include, as
toward focusing on community resources
needed, chemical dependency treatment,
and supervision
mental health treatment, education (GED
attainment, functional literacy, English• Transition planning for identifying
language competency, computer skills
community resources/services/assistance,
training), employment, parenting classes,
including housing assistance, family
batterers’ intervention programs, victim
reunification, family counseling, and
impact classes, spiritual programming,
other services received while
cultural programming, and medical and
institutionalized
dental services
• Specific targeted services include, as
Coordination of services:
needed, chemical dependency treatment,
mental health treatment, education (GED
• Reentry Case Management Team, which
attainment, functional literacy, Englishin this phase will be mostly institutional
language competency, computer skills
staff, led by the institution case manager
training), employment, parenting classes,
batterers’ intervention programs, victim
impact classes, spiritual programming,
and cultural programming
Coordination of services:

Assessments: Risk assessment and
supervision needs assessment, and
continuation of other assessments used
in Phase 1 as milestones that require
reevaluation are reached
Components/services offered within phase:
• Refinement of the individualized
supervision and reentry plan, with
increased focus on the progress made
• A victim restitution program
• Community work service
• Specific services to individuals suffering
from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and other
organic disorders
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, chemical dependency treatment,
mental health treatment, education,
employment, parenting classes, batterers’
intervention programs, victim impact
classes, spiritual programming, cultural
programming, housing assistance, family
reunification, family counseling, and sex
offender treatment
Coordination of services:
• Reentry Case Management Team, which
in this phase will be mostly community
team members, led by the community
case manager

• Reentry Case Management Team, which
in this phase will include more
community team members led by the
community case manager

National Portrait of SVORI

35

AK DOC

Alaska Adult “Going Home”

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Use of a transition team including institution staff and
community members that is responsible for integrated case
management

• Continuation of services/resources after reentry in the
community

• Use of a community case manager

• Greater supervision, including sanctions for noncompliance
with program expectations after reentry in the community

• Assignment of dedicated staff to establish partnerships with
community service providers
• Use of assessments of needs/risk to develop the reentry plan
• Inclusion of family members and the victim in the reentry
plan process

SVORI Grantee: Alaska Department of Health and Social Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Other MIS that identifies SVORI participants

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Alaska Youth Reentry Initiative

AK DHSS

Alaska Youth Reentry Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
101–150

Inclusion criteria

Serious and violent juvenile offenders, offense or criminal history not used as an
identifying factor

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Anchorage and surrounding communities (Girdwood, Chugiak, Eagle River, Indian)
Mandatory
Most participants are under probation

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

36

National Portrait of SVORI

An informal steering committee at this time; may convert to a formal steering committee
in the future
Department of Health and Social Services, Department of Juvenile Justice
3

AK DHSS

Alaska Youth Reentry Initiative

Phase 1: Institution Phase

Phase 2: Transition Phase

Phase 3: Community Phase

Duration: Indefinite

Duration: 3 months

Duration: Minimum of 4 months

Assessments: POSIT and MAYSI

Assessments: YSL/CMI

Assessments: YSL/CMI

Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management and the development
of a transition team to participate in the
development, monitoring, and
enforcement of the youth’s re-entry plan
• Education through the Anchorage School
District
• Mentoring through Big Brothers Big
Sisters
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, sex offender treatment;
community projects; mental health
services; anger management; substance
abuse treatment; gender-specific
treatment for girls; positive peer culture
therapy; and intensive, highly structured
services for violent offenders
Coordination of services:
• Case manager

• Development of an individualized
aftercare plan

• Refinement of the Individualized
Aftercare Plan

• Supervision/case management by a
caseworker and ongoing participation of
the transition team

• Continued case management and
supervision by the case worker and
transition team

• Victim-offender mediation when the
victim is willing to participate

• Housing assistance

• Continuation of mentoring through Big
Brothers Big Sisters
• Job readiness and transitional skills
training
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, sex offender treatment;
community projects; mental health
services; anger management; substance
abuse treatment; gender-specific
treatment for girls; positive peer culture
therapy; and intensive, highly structured
services for violent offenders
Coordination of services:
• Caseworker of the Intensive Community
Supervision Program

• Routine, scheduled contacts to monitor
the youth and family
• Crisis intervention for the youth and
family, as necessary
• Continued mentoring through Big
Brothers Big Sisters
• Brokerage with community resources and
linkages to social networks to continue
access to services received in Phases 1 and
2, including education; job training and
placement services; medical services; life
skills training; sex offender treatment;
community projects; mental health
services; anger management; substance
abuse treatment; gender-specific
treatment for girls; positive peer culture
therapy; and intensive, highly structured
services for violent offenders
Coordination of services:
• Caseworker of the Intensive Community
Supervision Program

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes
• SVORI funding is primarily being used to enhance a well-developed reentry program for youthful offenders by increasing the
number of therapists on staff

National Portrait of SVORI

37

ARIZONA

SVORI Grantees in Arizona
• Arizona Department of Juvenile
Corrections (ADJC)

Arizona has one SVORI grantee that advocates for improvements in the
transition of youth statewide and specifically focuses on male and female
juveniles returning to four rural counties (Pinal, Mohave, Cochise, and Yuma), depicted in the map below. In 1990,
the ADJC was established as a separate entity from the Arizona Department of Corrections as one of a number of
reforms in the supervision and treatment of juveniles in the
State system. The ADJC operates and maintains four secure care
facilities for the custody, treatment, and education of committed
juveniles from 15 Arizona counties, each of which sends its most
difficult juvenile offenders. The counties targeted for post-release
have populations with special needs, such as youth who have
Mohave
severe mental health problems, substance abuse problems, and
sexual offending behaviors.

Pinal

Yuma
Yuma

Cochise

Juvenile

Adult

Both

SVORI Grantee: Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections
SVORI website

http://www.adjc.az.gov/

Data management system

MIS identifies SVORI participants

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections Re-entry Initiative

ADJC

Re-entry Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

None

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

38

Male and female juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

All State secure care facilities
Assigned to a parole office in one of four rural counties: Pinal, Mohave, Cochise, and Yuma
Mandatory
All youth released to the community from secure care are under parole supervision

ADJC

Re-entry Initiative

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

A reentry coalition or task force meets to give ADJC input on grant implementation
and collaboration
ADJC Community Corrections (Juvenile Parole)
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs
Duration: 7–9 months
Assessments: Within 40 days of
commitment to ADJC, the youth receives
a risk/needs assessment, medical/dental
screening, and mental health screening.
Currently, ADJC is implementing the
Criminogenic Assessment Protective
Factors Assessments to build on the
previous assessments using this multidomain tool (to be agency-wide by 12/04).
In addition, the Strategies for Juvenile
Supervision assessment is being completed
to assist in defining supervision status.
Components/services offered within phase:
• Following the completion of assessments,
the Initial Treatment Plan (ITP) is
developed. This will be the first step
toward a Continuous Case Plan for the
individual youth’s care in treatment and
in the community.
• Assignment of the youth to appropriate
housing based on his/her need/risk
classification
• Establishment of “Faith Community
Connections” through faith-based
mentors (available on a limited basis)
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, mental health counseling,
medical/dental services, education,
vocational planning, parenting skills
training, behavior management, and
faith-based services. Other services
provided for youth who need them are
substance abuse services, sex offender
counseling, services for violent offenders,
and therapeutic crisis intervention.
• Opportunities for high school credits,
GED, and college courses are offered in
secure care.

Coordination of services:
• As the youth’s release date approaches,
the Transition Team is convened to
review his/her progress and prepare for
his/her transition to the community.
A multidisciplinary team is convened to
develop a Parole Plan as a continuation
of the ITP. Once the services a youth will
need in the community are identified,
arrangements are made to have those in
place upon his/her release. Community
resources are utilized as a part of this
plan, whenever possible.

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based
Long-Term Support
Duration: Begins when Phase 2 ends;
duration varies
Assessments: Risk and needs assessments
are continued through this phase, with
a focus on successful transition from
conditional liberty (parole) to
independence from the juvenile justice
system
Components/services offered within phase:
• Development of an individualized plan
using a coordination of community
services to meet individual youth and
family needs

Duration: 7–9 months, continues into
Phase 3

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, mental health counseling,
education placement, vocational skills
Assessments: Risk and needs assessments
training, parenting skills training, life
are continued through this phase with a
skills training, anger management,
focus on successful transition from secure
faith-based mentors, substance abuse
care to conditional liberty (parole)
treatment, employment skills/vocational
Components/services offered within phase:
referrals, and placement services
• Continued development of the Parole
Coordination of services:
Plan
• The Reentry Specialist will put together a
• CAPFA assessments at 90-day intervals
team of community partners (resource
partners), whose involvement with the
• Specific targeted services include, as
youth and his/her family will continue
needed, mental health counseling,
beyond the time that the Reentry
medical services, medical/dental services,
Specialist’s participation is completed
education, vocational exploration,
parenting skills training, life skills
• Continued development of interagency
training, anger management, faith-based
agreements to improve accessibility to
services, and substance abuse treatment.
services for youth and families
Provision of new services to youth after
release, including employment skills/
vocational training, life skills, and
independent living.
Coordination of services:
• The Reentry Specialist will spearhead the
effort to bring the continuous case plan
and community resources together for
transition planning and plan
implementation

National Portrait of SVORI

39

ADJC

Re-entry Initiative

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased involvement of the community in providing
programs and services to youth reentering these rural
communities

• More intensive case management and continuum of services
during transitions from secure care to parole and from
parole to independence

• Ongoing feedback to the community partnerships about the
success of the collaboration

• Ongoing, comprehensive needs assessment that drives the
development of the reentry plan

• Increased involvement of faith-based institutions in
providing mentors for the youth and in enlightening church/
community members about the youth reentering their
community

40

National Portrait of SVORI

ARKANSAS

SVORI Grantees in Arkansas
• Arkansas Department of
Community Correction (AR DCC)

Arkansas has one SVORI grantee with two administratively distinct reentry
programs: one is focused on adults and one is focused on juveniles. Both
programs target individuals returning to Faulkner, Lonoke, Pulaski, and Saline counties (depicted in the map below).
In the adult program, the grantee has targeted serious and violent offenders in their maximum security or
administrative segregation units, who are not eligible for other pre-release programs due to their security status. The
line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Arkansas over a 24-year period.
Arkansas SVORI Target Areas

Arkansas Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002
Number of Admissions/Releases

9000

Faulkner
Pulaski Lonoke
Saline Little Rock

Admissions
Releases

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
78

Juvenile

Adult

Both

80

82

84

86

88

90
Year

92

94

96

98

00

02

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Arkansas Department of Community Correction
SVORI website

None

Data management system

SVORI-specific MIS

Local evaluation planned

For the juvenile program, an existing staff analyst will conduct an internal evaluation. The
adult program is collecting performance measures and has plans to hire an independent
evaluator.

Program names

Arkansas Adult
Arkansas Juvenile

AR DCC: PROGRAM 1

Arkansas Adult

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults and youthful offenders adjudicated as adults
101–150

Inclusion criteria

Persons who have recidivated, committed violent offenses, a history of criminality such as
substance abuse, and classified through assessment as serious and violent offenders

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Selected State prisons
Faulkner, Lonoke, Pulaski, and Saline counties
Voluntary
All offenders are under community supervision and parole
National Portrait of SVORI

41

AR DCC: PROGRAM 1

Arkansas Adult

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee

Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Both an Executive Committee (with membership from DCC, ADC, and DYS) and a Steering
Committee (with membership from police, institutional staff, educators, substance abuse
treatment, mental health treatment, and faith-based service providers) are in place
Independent Parole Board
2

Phase 1: Institutional Programs

Phase 2: Community-Based Transition

Duration: 2–6 months

Duration: 6–12 months

Assessments: Risk and needs assessment, psychological
evaluation, PII, Beta, WRAT-3, and LSI-R

Assessments: Ongoing risk and needs assessment, job aptitude
assessment

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Development of a written reentry plan with the involvement of
the offender

• Ongoing development of the written reentry plan with the
involvement of the SVORI participant

• Program to match the needs of the offender with community
resources, including the offender writing letters to providers
and resource managers and accepting the expectations and
consequences of his/her release

• Case management through a highly structured program that
utilizes supervision, sanctions, and services coordinated
through a central location in order to provide structured
transition for SVORI participants

• Group meetings to work on socialization and control

• Aid in addressing reentry needs including Social Security
Disability Insurance; clothing; food stamps; other social needs
addressed through TEA, TANF, Welfare to Work Programs;
medical and dental plans; and housing

• Classes to recognize thought distortion and errors in thinking
• Pre-release curriculum focusing on anger management and
social control, life skills training, substance abuse recovery,
relapse prevention, mental health services, housing assistance,
and job skills development
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, medical services,
dental services, education, parenting skills training, and
faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Case management transition team

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, anger
management and social control, life skills training, substance
abuse recovery, relapse prevention, mental health services, job
skills development/training, education, parenting skills
training, and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Case management transition team
• Private and nonprofit community-based provider has a
Professional Services Contract with DCC

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Provision of reentry services to serious and violent offenders
(no services available to this population before SVORI)

• Increased services available to participants, such as housing
assistance

• Use of a transition team to manage the reentry process

• More intensive supervision in the post-release phase so that
needs are identified and addressed more quickly

• Needs assessments conducted and updated as a tool for
developing and revising a written reentry plan

42

National Portrait of SVORI

• Inclusion of the family and the SVORI participant in the
development of the reentry plan

AR DCC: PROGRAM 2

Arkansas Juvenile

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
51–100

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–21, committed serious or violent crimes (A or Y class), multiple recidivists, and/or
those at high risk for re-offending

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State juvenile facilities
Faulkner, Lonoke, Pulaski, and Saline counties
Mandatory
Participants are in pre-release programs and under community supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee

Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Both an Executive Committee (with membership from AR DCC, ADC, and DYS) and a
Steering Committee (with membership from police, institutional staff, educators, substance
abuse treatment, mental health treatment, and faith-based service providers) are in place.
Department of Human Services, Division of Youth Services
2

Phase 1: Institutional Programs

Phase 2: Community-Based Transition

Duration: 4–6 months

Duration: 6–24 months (or longer if needed)

Assessments: Risk and needs assessment, WISC-III, WRAT-3,
Bender Gestalt Drawings, MMPI-A, The Jesness Inventory, CPS,
BDI-II, House-Tree-Person Drawings, Incomplete Sentences
Blank, The Hand Test, and the University of Arkansas-Little
Rock, Department of Criminology Security Risk Assessment Tool

Assessments: Ongoing risk and needs assessment, job aptitude
assessment

Components/services offered within phase:
• Ongoing development of a written reentry plan with the
involvement of the SVORI participant
• Case management through a highly structured program that
utilizes supervision, sanctions, and services coordinated
through a central location in order to provide structured
transition for SVORI participants
• Mentoring program
• Aid in addressing reentry needs including Social Security
Disability Insurance; clothing; food stamps; other social needs
addressed through TEA, TANF, Welfare to Work Programs;
medical and dental plans; and housing
• Continuation of post-release services through community
resources that focus on anger management and social control,
life skills training, substance abuse recovery, relapse prevention,
job skills development/training, education, parenting skills
training, and faith-based services

Components/services offered within phase:
• Ongoing development of a written reentry plan with the
involvement of the SVORI participant
• Case management through a highly structured program that
utilizes supervision, sanctions, and services coordinated
through a central location in order to provide structured
transition for SVORI participants
• Mentoring program
• Aid in addressing reentry needs including Social Security
Disability Insurance; clothing; food stamps; other social needs
addressed through FINS, TEA, TANF, Welfare to Work
Programs; medical and dental plans; and housing
• Continuation of post-release services through community
resources that focus on anger management and social control,
life skills training, substance abuse recovery, relapse prevention,
job skills development/training, education, parenting skills
training, and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Case management transition team

Coordination of services:
• Case management transition team
National Portrait of SVORI

43

AR DCC: PROGRAM 2

Arkansas Juvenile

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Provision of reentry services to serious and violent offenders
(no services available to this population before SVORI)

• Increased services available to participants, such as housing
assistance

• Use of a transition team to manage reentry process

• More intensive supervision in the post-release phase so that
needs are identified and addressed more quickly

• Needs assessments are conducted and updated as a tool for
developing and revising a written reentry plan

44

National Portrait of SVORI

• Inclusion of the family and the SVORI participant in the
development of the reentry plan

CALIFORNIA

SVORI Grantees in California
• City of Oakland
• California Department
of Corrections (CDC)

California has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults and juveniles
returning to the City of Oakland and one focused on adults returning to Los
Angeles County (depicted in the map below). The line chart below provides
BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in California over a 24-year period.

California Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

California SVORI Target Areas

City of
Oakland

160000
140000

Admissions
Releases

120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year

Los Angeles County

Juvenile

Both

Adult

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: City of Oakland
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Electronic web-based data collection and evaluation tool designed and maintained
by a grant subcontractor

Local evaluation planned

Yes

Program name

Project Choice

City of Oakland

Project Choice

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male juveniles and adults
Fewer than 50

Inclusion criteria

Juveniles ages 14–17 under California Youth Authority (CYA) jurisdiction with high-risk
parole board designations (1–4) and drug offenders; adults 18–30 under CDC supervision
and R4 drug offenders. All participants are at high risk of reoffending and at high-risk of
being violent

Exclusion criteria

Predatory or serial sex offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

CYA’s Northern California Youth Correctional Institution—3 facilities; CDC San Quentin
State Prison
City of Oakland
Mandatory for juveniles; voluntary for adults
Most juvenile participants are under parole supervision; all adult participants are under
parole supervision.
National Portrait of SVORI

45

City of Oakland

Project Choice

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee
CYA and CDC
3

Phase 1: Institutional Phase

Phase 2: Transition

Phase 3: Long-Term Support

Duration: 6–12 months

Duration: 6–12 months

Duration: 6–12 months

Assessments: Needs Assessment (adults
only), ASI, Intensive Intake Interview, Risk
Assessment, and vocational interest
surveys. Risk Assessment tool is a modified
version of Dr. Barry Krisberg’s offender
risk assessment tool. May use CAPS/COPS/
COPES assessments.

Assessments: May include Ahmends Quick
Test, GAMA, TABE, CSAS, AIS, Weinberger
Adjustment Inventory, Drug Experience
Questionnaire, and a mental health
assessment

Assessments: Same assessments that are
used during the Transition phase, along
with focused vocational interest and
placement interviews

Components/services offered within phase:
Components/services offered within phase: • Police and Corrections Team (PACT) —
• Specific targeted services include, as
participants required to attend one
Components/services offered within phase:
needed, intensive supervision and
2-hour meeting with service providers
support; educational services; vocational,
once paroled to provide contact
• Restorative Justice program to increase
college, and career counseling; vocational
information so that they can be
victim awareness (adults only)
training; job placement; on-the-job
monitored during this phase (adults
• Specific targeted services include, as
support; substance abuse treatment;
only)
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling; housing
• Specific targeted services include, as
mental health counseling, medical
support; and community service/
needed, educational and vocational
services, employment skills/vocational
restitution. Service provided through
training, job placement and employment
training, education, housing assistance,
intensive case management and weekly
support, substance abuse and mental
parenting skills training, domestic
life skills group.
health services, housing support,
violence prevention and intervention, life
restitution, parenting skills training,
skills training, anger management, faith- Coordination of services:
domestic violence prevention and
based services, self-esteem building, and
• Project manager of the CBO, the Reentry
intervention, life skill training, anger
mentoring through intensive case
Coach/case manager, and the City of
management, faith-based services,
management and support groups
Oakland staff
conflict resolution, mentoring, family
Coordination of services:
reunification, and family support
• Reentry coach, project manager of
Coordination of services:
community-based organization (CBO),
• Project manager of the CBO, the Reentry
and the City of Oakland staff
Coach/case manager, and the City of
Oakland staff
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING

46

System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• New collaboration of agencies, including city government,
correctional institution, parole, and CBOs; State agencies are
becoming involved and signing Memoranda of Understanding

• Reentry coach will have an on-the-street mentor and coach
role with his/her clients and will work in a nontraditional,
flexible manner, using a wraparound approach; coaches will
be on call 24/7 by cell phone and pager

• In an attempt to move in the same direction as Project
Choice, Parole is creating PACT teams in each parole district
and developing steering committees, and community
resource centers are being placed in each of the parole
districts

• Families will be involved with the reentry planning

National Portrait of SVORI

• Increased linkages will exist with CBOs
• A mentoring program will involve successful parolees for
peer support

SVORI Grantee: California Department of Corrections
SVORI website

http://www.corr.ca.gov/ParoleDiv/Grant.asp

Data management system

SVORI-specific MIS

Local evaluation planned

Yes

Program name

Going Home Los Angeles (GHLA)

CA DOC

Going Home LA

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Violent offenders with co-occurring disorders currently enrolled in the Walden House
substance abuse program

Exclusion criteria

Severely mentally ill offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison, Corocoran
Los Angeles County
Voluntary
All participants are under parole supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Decision Makers steering committee
Parole and Community Services Parole Unit in the Department of Corrections
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based Programs
Duration: 4–6 months
Assessments: C-RAS, SCL-90-R, MHCAS
Components/services offered within phase:
• Organizing continuing care resources fairs and communitybased service provider visits to the institution

nator, the Substance Abuse Services Coordination Agency
(SASCA) Community Services Coordinator, the Parole Agent,
Correctional Counselor, and the community based treatment
providers.

Phase 2: Community-Based Transition
Duration: 6 months

• Securing items to facilitate transition into the community (e.g.,
Department of Motor Vehicle printouts)

Assessments: C-RAS, SCL-90R, MHCAS, and outcome measures
geared at measuring substance abuse relapse and mental health issues

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence
prevention and intervention, life skills training, anger management, faith-based services, and reentry support groups

Components/services offered within phase:

Coordination of services:
• GHLA Case Manager and Transition Coordinating Team (TCT)
work to develop reentry plan and service plan. The TCT consists
of a Primary Substance Abuse counselor, a Transitional Coordi-

• Parolee can be placed in either residential or Sober Living plus
outpatient services for up to 6 months post-release
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, domestic violence prevention and
intervention, life skills training, anger management, faith-based
services, and classes in criminality, cognitive behavioral change,
and the prevention of recidivism

National Portrait of SVORI

47

CA DOC

Going Home LA

Coordination of services:

Components/services offered within phase:

• GHLA Case Manager will have at least monthly contact with
the parolee and will establish a Reentry Coordinating Team; the
GHLA Steering Committee will identify additional support
services and work with the Program Planning Committee to
develop protocols for coordination of services

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, domestic violence prevention and
intervention, life skills training, anger management, and
faith-based services

Phase 3: Long-Term Planning
Duration: 10–12 months
Assessments: At 12 months, C-RAS,
SCL-90, MHCAS, and outcome measures geared at measuring
substance abuse relapse and mental health issues

Coordination of services:
• Reentry Coordinating Team will review participants’ progress,
and the participant will continue to work with the GHLA Case
Manager

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING

48

System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• GHLA is intended to be a temporary program that will be
absorbed into existing funding by establishing protocols to
address the serious and violent offender population

• Increase the availability of services specifically targeting
serious and violent offenders with dual diagnoses

National Portrait of SVORI

COLORADO

SVORI Grantees in Colorado
• Colorado Department of
Corrections (CO DOC)

Colorado has one SVORI grantee operating four SVORI programs: three
programs target adults, youthful offenders, and juveniles returning to five
counties in the Denver area (depicted in the map below), and one program focuses on seriously mentally ill adults
returning to the City of Colorado Springs (also shown). The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison
admission and release trends in Colorado over a 24-year period.
Colorado SVORI Target Areas

Colorado Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Denver
Jefferson Adams
Arapahoe

Douglas

Colorado Springs

Number of Admissions/Releases

9000
8000

Admissions
Releases

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

Juvenile

Adult

Both

78

80

82

84

86

88

90
Year

92

94

96

98

00

02

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Colorado Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Stand-alone CO DOC database for the adult program; youthful offender program uses
CO DOC system called DCIS

Local evaluation planned

CO DOC will conduct a local evaluation for the adult program

Program names

Colorado Affirms Reentry Efforts (CARE)—Adults
Colorado Affirms Reentry Efforts (CARE)—Youthful Offender System
Colorado Affirms Reentry Efforts (CARE)—Juveniles
Colorado Reentry Court for the Seriously Mentally Ill

CO DOC: PROGRAM 1

CARE—Adults

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male adults
101–150

Inclusion criteria

Ages 19–35; targeting five distinct populations: (1) general population, (2) offenders with
serious mental illness, (3) sex offenders, (4) assault level 3, and (5) offenders in administrative
segregation, using the following inclusion criteria: LSI score at or above 28 and MHNLA score
of 3+, returning to the Denver metropolitan area, and having a mandatory release date or
sentence discharge date within 24–48 months

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Selected State prisons including Sterling Correctional Facility
Five-county Denver area: Denver, Adams, Arapahoe, Douglas, and Jefferson counties
Voluntary
All participants are under parole supervision
National Portrait of SVORI

49

CO DOC: PROGRAM 1

CARE—Adults

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Yes
CO DOC
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs
Duration: 18.5 weeks (12 weeks cognitive
therapy, 6.5 weeks pre-release services)
Assessments: LSI and MHNLA, along with
others that measure mental health,
substance abuse problems, employment,
and education

Coordination of services:
• A core facility team (a case manager and
the Reintegration Specialist) and a
Community Team (parole officer,
community reintegration specialist, and
others) meet throughout the program to
assess and plan the offender's next step
down.

Components/services offered within phase:

Phase 2: Community Reintegration

• Reentry planning will begin at least one
year prior to release, with a Reentry Plan
being developed by the transition team
and active involvement by the offender,
family members, and victim(s)

Duration: Depends on length of parole

Phase 3: Community Assumes
Responsibility
Duration: There is no time frame. This is a
process that begins with the connection of
the offender to community resources.
Offenders are required to complete the
Phase 3 transition plan, which outlines
their attachment to the community over a
long period of time. The effort is viewed as
lifelong.
Assessments: Because of longer prison
stays among CO DOC offenders, a
reassessment may occur one year prior to
parole eligibility to determine participation
in CARE. Periodic assessments will be
used to inform decisions regarding
classification and reclassification, reentry
plans, release, community supervision and
services, revocation, and discharge from
supervision or sentence.

• Each offender has a specific transition
team consisting of the members of the
core facility transition team (case
manager, parole officer, and reintegration
specialist) and unique members based
on identified needs or risk factors

Assessments: Because of longer prison
stays among CO DOC offenders, a
reassessment may occur 1 year prior to
parole eligibility to determine participation
in CARE. Periodic assessments will be
used to inform decisions regarding
classification and reclassification, reentry
plans, release, community supervision and
services, revocation, and discharge from
supervision or sentence.

• A formal transition report is written to
address issues related to supervision, risk
factors, and needs

Components/services offered within phase: • Offender, family members, and victim are
included in the Reentry Plan as part of
• Transition team works with offender,
transition services
institution, and community agencies

• A step-down model is used in which
participants step down to a minimum
security facility, Intensive Supervision
Parole (ISP), or community corrections
• There is a major emphasis on a
standardized enhanced cognitive
program
• Community service providers will come
into the institution to meet with
offenders, as will family members and
other significant others
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical/dental
services, employment skills/vocational
training, housing assistance, parenting
skills training, dating violence
prevention, life skills training, anger
management, faith-based services, sex
offender treatment, legal needs, and
mentoring services

50

National Portrait of SVORI

before and after release

Components/services offered within phase:

• The transition team works with offender,
institution, and community agencies
before and after release

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
• Specific targeted services include, as
skills/vocational training, education,
needed, substance abuse treatment,
housing assistance, parenting skills
mental health counseling, employment
training, domestic violence prevention,
skills/vocational training, education,
life skills training, anger management,
housing assistance, parenting skills
faith-based services, batterer intervention, training, domestic violence prevention,
counseling on avoidance of criminal
life skills training, anger management,
behavior, family
faith-based services, batterer intervention,
reintegration/reunification plans,
counseling on avoidance of criminal
restitution plan, aftercare programs, and
behavior, family reintegration/
IMPACTS program services
reunification plans, restitution plan,
aftercare programs, and IMPACTS
Coordination of services:
program services.
• Core facility team (Case Manager and
Reintegration Specialist) and Community Coordination of services:
Team (parole officer, community
• Core facility team (Case Manager and
reintegration specialist, others)
Reintegration Specialist) and Community
Team (parole officer, community
reintegration specialist, others)

CO DOC: PROGRAM 1

CARE—Adults

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased communication between community and
corrections

• Step-down approach

• Key CO DOC staff have been linked to the process to
provide feedback

• SVORI participants benefit from pairing programming with
step-down procedures

• Improved transition plan development process

• CARE participants receive more urine analyses and security
measures as well as more intensive treatment (process
therapy)

• Greater information sharing among partners
• Therapy focuses on aggression and attachment

• SVORI participants receive an enhanced cognitive program

CO DOC: PROGRAM 2

CARE—Youthful Offender System

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male youthful offenders
Fewer than 50

Inclusion criteria

CYO-LSI score of 31 or above and returning to Denver Metro or Colorado Springs

Exclusion criteria

Severely mentally ill offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Youthful Offender System in Pueblo
Denver and Colorado Springs
Voluntary
Youth offenders in the community have inmate status; all participants are under intensive
community supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Placement Committee
DOC
3

Phase 1: Institutional Phase
Duration: 3 months

• Collaboration with CO Forum on
Restorative Justice to develop Circles of
Support

Assessments: Full diagnostic and risk
assessment; CYO-LSI

• Arapahoe/Douglas Workforce Center

Components/services offered within phase:

• Step-down approach to supervision in
community

• Reentry plan is developed, with the
offender and family members as active
participants in its creation

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, academic education, Quick
Skills cognitive education, personal
development skills, life skills, anger
• Other services include medical and dental
management, mental health and
services and employment skills/
substance abuse treatment, job training,
vocational training
and mentoring

Coordination of services:
• Facility Program Team (Reintegration
Specialist; facility case manager or the
pre-release case manager; the offender;
the offender’s family members, optional;
the parole officer at the last two
pre-release transition team meetings;
SAVIO House; and additional key players,
as needed)

National Portrait of SVORI

51

CO DOC: PROGRAM 2

CARE—Youthful Offender System

Phase 2: Transition Phase

Phase 3: Reintegration Phase

Duration: 3 months

Duration: 1 year

Assessments: Full diagnostic and risk
assessment; CYO-LSI

Assessments: The CYO-LSI is used for
community supervision and service
Components/services offered within phase: modification, TABE test scores from the
facility are used in conjunction with the
• Emphasis on post-release phase
PLATO educational software to determine
academic levels and course study, and the
• Community-based transition programs
Ansell-Casey Life Skills Assessment is used
work with offenders prior to and
immediately following their release from as a pre- and post-incarceration life skills
assessment. The Araphoe/Douglas
incarceration
Workforce Center uses the Holland and
• Transition team works with offender
CHOICES career assessment instruments.
before he/she leaves the institution
Components/services offered within phase:
• Use of video-conferencing while in
• Each offender receives money in a
prison to meet with community service
personal spending account that can be
providers or family (both of whom come
used for rent, food, clothing, bus passes,
to the institution to meet with offenders)
medical services, home furnishings,
• Specific targeted services include, as
parenting services, and other
needed, case management, education,
miscellaneous needs
monitoring, mentoring, life skills
training, assessment, vocational training, • Participants receive extensive
employment services (training, job
job skills development, mental health and
matching, job placement) through
substance abuse treatment, medical and
Arapahoe/Douglas Workforce Center
dental services, anger management, and
personal growth and development
• Participants receive help with legal issues
(e.g., custody filings), individual and
Coordination of services:
family counseling, parenting classes, and
• Facility Program Team
substance abuse services, mostly through
SAVIO House

• Use of transition team, case management,
and coordination of partnerships among
offender and community service agencies
• Faith-based services, community Circles
of Support, and case management are
also part of the post-release services, as
well as intensive post-release supervision,
which includes a minimum of two
contacts with the participant per week
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
services, education, housing assistance,
domestic violence prevention and
intervention, and anger management
services
Coordination of services:
• Community Program Team (members
are the same as for the Facility Program
Team, except that an offender has a
different case manager for each phase);
case management for CARE participants
is linked by the Community Reintegration Specialist, who oversees case
management throughout all three phases

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased pre-release involvement of community providers

• Enhanced cognitive education courses are continued
following release

• Increased program visibility

• Involvement with the Arapahoe/Douglas Workforce Center
during incarceration
• Duration of pre-release programming extended from
3 months to 6
• Use of a Community Reintegration Specialist to link preand post-release case management
• Employment counseling through the A/D Workforce Center;
community-based support through Community Circles of
Support
• Individualized or specialized mental health services
• Improved access to community incentives; additional funds
available in individual spending accounts for living
incentives

52

National Portrait of SVORI

CO DOC: PROGRAM 3

CARE—Juveniles

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
201+

Inclusion criteria

Classified as serious and violent, score of 31+ on CLSI, and at least 6 months left on parole

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Right of Passage Ridgeview (boys), Girlview (girls), Lookout Mountain (boys),
and adding Everest in the future
Five-county Denver area: Denver, Adams, Arapahoe, Douglas, and Jefferson counties
Voluntary
All participants are under parole supervision for 6 months

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Yes
Independent parole board; Division of Youth Corrections (DYC) juvenile parole board
3

Phase 1: Facility Phase
Duration: 6 months
Assessments: CYOLSI will be the primary
tool for identifying DYC youth for the
CARE project. Additional assessment
instruments include the following: DYC
Risk Assessment Instrument, CCAR,
Psychological Services Summary, SUS-1A,
Woodcock Johnson, WISC and StanfordBenet IQ Tests, Apticom, TAP, and
Reading-Free Vocational Interest
Inventory.

• Transition Team members meet monthly
to review client needs and update the
plan
• Reassessment prior to release and
modifications as needed to Reentry Plan

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, mental health treatment,
substance abuse treatment, anger
management, sex offender treatment,
parenting skills training, educational
programs, legal needs, vocational
programs, work experience, medical
services, housing assistance, domestic
Components/services offered within phase:
violence prevention and intervention, life
training, mentoring, and faith-based
• Transition Team will be developed,
services
including the youth, Client Manager,
family member, mentor, provider, and
Coordination of services:
any other support person; members of
the youth’s Circle of Support will also be • Client Manager and Reintegration
Specialist (also the Project Director)
recruited

• Reentry Plan will be developed by the
team and identify each team member’s
role, as well as identify goals and time
frames in which to achieve those goals.
The victim will also be included in
reentry planning, and family members
and community service providers will
come into the institution to meet with
offenders.
• Facilities offer varying specific services
and curricula for their populations

Phase 2: Parole Phase
Duration: 6 months
Assessments: Periodic assessments will be
used to inform decisions regarding
classification and reclassification, reentry
plans, release, community supervision and
services, revocation, and discharge from
supervision or sentence
Components/services offered within phase:

“backed in” and linked with institutionally based services, which can include
mental health and substance abuse
treatment, mentoring, and educational
and work experience programs
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, housing assistance, parenting
skills training, domestic violence
prevention, life skills training, anger
management, faith-based services,
batterer intervention program,
counseling on avoidance of criminal
behavior, restitution plan, aftercare
programs, and IMPACTS program
services.
• Family reintegration services will begin
and/or intensify at this stage while other
services may decrease to reduce a youth’s
reliance on institutional-based services.
• Transition team continues working with
offender and community
• Client Manager’s role changes into the
role of a Parole Officer but stays the same
person to maintain continuity in the case
Coordination of services:
• Parole Officer (same person who was the
Client Manager), Reintegration Specialist
(also Project Director), and Parole
Advocate

• Community-based services will be

National Portrait of SVORI

53

CO DOC: PROGRAM 3

CARE—Juveniles

Phase 3: Community Phase
Duration: Occurs when the client has
completed parole and is no longer in “the
system”; the duration is hoped to be a
lifetime
Assessments: No assessments used during
this phase

• DYC will enter into long-term service
agreements with agencies that provide
the following services: day treatment,
drug/alcohol services, employment,
family reunification, vocational
rehabilitation services, housing, mental
health services, and other services
outlined in the Reentry Plan

Components/services offered within phase: • Leverage existing resources available in a
youth’s community to meet needs
• Community-based services will begin at
identified in the Reentry Plan
the time of community reintegration

• Circles of Support will play an important
role in helping youth reintegrate
successfully, connect to services and
support systems, and adhere to the
Reentry Plan
Coordination of services:
• Client Manager/Parole Officer and Parole
Advocate

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased communication between community and
corrections

• Cognitive program (Thinking for a Change) is available only
for SVORI participants at the boys’ facility, but the State is
moving toward adopting this curriculum for everyone

• Improved transition plan development process
• Key CO DOC staff linked to process to provide feedback
• Addition of a step-down approach

• Girls’ facility is running a leadership program targeted
toward SVORI participants
• SVORI participants meet with Client Manager once a month
and will receive intensive community tie-in (in the long
term)
• Other differences include Transition Team support, Circle of
Support, guidance from community liaison, and links to
community resources

CO DOC: PROGRAM 4

Colorado Reentry Court for the Seriously Mentally Ill

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
Fewer than 50

Inclusion criteria

Must be released on parole, seriously mentally ill, and returning to Colorado Springs

Exclusion criteria

Unknown

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Colorado Springs
Voluntary
Participants are under parole supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

54

National Portrait of SVORI

Placement Committee
DOC
1

CO DOC: PROGRAM 4

Phase 1: Community-Based Long-Term Support
Duration: 6 months
Assessments: Mental Health Needs Level Assaultiveness Code,
LSI
Components/services offered within phase:

Colorado Reentry Court for the Seriously Mentally Ill
parenting skills training, domestic violence prevention, life
skills training, anger management, faith-based services, batterer
intervention program, counseling on avoidance of criminal
behavior, family reintegration/reunification plans, restitution
plan, aftercare programs, and IMPACTS program services

• Transition Team is developed

• All seriously mentally ill offenders receive a mental health
assessment and plan developed during incarceration

• Circles of Support is implemented

Coordination of services:

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education, housing assistance,

• Parole Board

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Introduction of a Reentry Court model; at court hearings,
the team receives a progress update, and the judge uses
graduated sanctions and incentives

• SVORI participants appear once a month (or once every
2 weeks) in court; the administrative law judge, mental
health center representative, TASC representative, parole
officer, and client attend the court hearings

National Portrait of SVORI

55

CONNECTICUT

SVORI Grantees in Connecticut
• Connecticut Department of
Mental Health and Addiction
Services (CT DMHAS)

Connecticut has one SVORI grantee focusing on adults and youthful offenders
returning to the cities of Bridgeport, New Haven, and Hartford (depicted in the
map below). The Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction
Services has identified a group of serious offenders at extremely high risk of continued involvement with the adult
criminal system. This population, identified as serious and violent young mentally ill adults in the correctional system
with comorbid substance use disorders, is particularly vulnerable to arrest and recidivism. The line chart below
provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Connecticut over a 24-year period.
Connecticut SVORI Target Areas

Connecticut Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002
Number of Admissions/Releases

14000

Hartford

New Haven
Bridgeport
Juvenile

Adult

Admissions
Releases

12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

Both

78

80

82

84

86

88

90
Year

92

94

96

98

00

02

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

The Research Division at DMHAS will create a supplemental data system

Local evaluation planned

Dr. Robert Trestman, University of Connecticut Health Center

Program name

Connecticut Offender Reentry Program

CT DMHAS

Connecticut Offender Reentry Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Mental health and co-occurring substance abuse scores of 3–4

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

56

Male and female adults and youthful offenders

National Portrait of SVORI

Selected State prisons
Hartford, Bridgeport, and New Haven
Voluntary
Most offenders are under supervised release

CT DMHAS

Connecticut Offender Reentry Program

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee
Department of Corrections and Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction
Services
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programming

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based
Long-Term Support

Duration: 12 months

Duration: 6–12 months

Assessments: Current and historical life
information, physical health history,
substance abuse, mental health, and risk
assessments

Assessments: Identification and
prioritization of practical concerns;
specifying life concerns (e.g., housing,
employment, finances)

Duration: Services remain available to
participants until released from community supervision
Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase

Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase:
• Sex offender programs

• Domestic violence programming

• Continuum of supervision

• Victim services (victim-offender
dialogue, victim educational services)

• Family members involvement
implemented

• Domestic violence programming

• Religious services (gym, therapeutic
recreation class)

• Victims’ rights

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment
(AA/NA), mental health counseling,
medical and dental services, financial
assistance for housing needs, life skills
training, faith-based services, anger
management, and educational placement
(GED)

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills, education, housing assistance,
domestic violence prevention and
intervention, and life skills training
Coordination of services:

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, obtaining
employment, vocational/educational
training, safe and permanent housing,
domestic violence prevention and
intervention, and life skills training
Coordination of services:
• Case Manager

• Transition team

Coordination of services:
• Transition team, which includes
case managers, clinicians, vocational
specialists, DOC, Parole, Probation,
and DMHAS’s project manager

National Portrait of SVORI

57

CT DMHAS

Connecticut Offender Reentry Program

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Family members and other significant others come into the
institution to meet with offenders

• Reentry plan developed prior to release that is tailored to the
individual risk and/or needs of the offender

• Integrated case management where representatives from
multiple community service providers and/or corrections/
supervision agencies meet to discuss and work on particular
cases

• Needs assessment updated prior to release specifically for the
purpose of developing a reentry plan

• Staff person whose job it is to create partnerships with
community service providers, which will open channels
of communication and collaboration among agencies and
facilitate services for offenders once they are released

• Staff from within the institution and community agencies
working with the offender before he/she leaves the institution

• Reentry coalition or task force of agencies that meets to
set guidance for supervision of offenders returning to the
community
• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
the collaboration is working
• Agency protocols shared regarding how service provision is
approached

58

National Portrait of SVORI

• Offender as an active participant in the creation of the
reentry plan prior to release

• Required core curriculum that all offenders who are released
must receive prior to release

DELAWARE
Delaware has one SVORI grantee focused on adults returning to New Castle,
Kent, and Sussex counties (depicted in the map below). The line chart below
provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Delaware
over a 24-year period.
Delaware SVORI Target Areas

SVORI Grantees in Delaware
• Delaware Health and Social
Services/Division of Substance
Abuse and Mental Health
(DE SAMH)

Delaware Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

Wilmington

New Castle

Kent

Sussex

5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

Admissions
Releases

State
Year
Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Delaware Health and Social Services/Division of Substance Abuse
and Mental Health
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Criminal Justice Information System (CJIS)

Local evaluation planned

The Delaware Statistical Analysis Center will conduct a local evaluation

Program name

Delaware Offender Reentry Project

DE DSAMH

Delaware Offender Reentry Project

TARGET POPULATION
Population type

Male and female adults

Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

None

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
New Castle, Kent, and Sussex counties
Voluntary
All participants are under supervised probation

National Portrait of SVORI

59

DE DSAMH

Delaware Offender Reentry Project

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Formal Reentry Steering Committee
Superior Court Reentry Court and DOC
3

Phase I

Phase II

Phase III

Duration: 12 months

Duration: 12 months

Assessments: Substance abuse, mental
health, risk-to-the-community, and
employment/training

Assessments: Substance abuse, mental
health, and employment/training

Duration: Ongoing and can continue until
participant is stabilized

Assessments: Substance abuse, mental
Components/services offered within phase: health, and employment training
Components/services offered within phase: • Increased involvement between members Components/services offered within phase:
• Development of case management
• Drug testing through urinalysis
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment
(AA/NA), mental health counseling,
medical services, housing assistance,
and educational training
Coordination of services:
• Prisoner counselor and a public defender
who acts as case advocate

of participants’ families; returning
offender is included
• Victims’ rights recognition
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, education, job
skills and employment services,
transitional housing assistance, and
avoidance of criminal behavior triggers

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, education, job
skills and employment services,
transitional housing assistance, and
avoidance of criminal behavior triggers
Coordination of services:
• Case manager

Coordination of services:
• Case manager

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Integrated case management where representatives from
multiple community service providers and/or corrections
agencies meet to discuss and work on particular cases

• Development of reentry plan prior to release that is tailored
to the individual risk and/or needs of the offender

• Case manager from a community-based organization who
brokers services from appropriate agencies
• Partnerships created with community service providers,
which will open channels of communication and
collaboration among agencies and facilititate services for
offenders
• Joint mission statements with other agencies around reentry
• Reentry coalition or task force for agencies that meets to
set guidelines for supervision of offenders returning to the
community
• Regular feedback mechanisms among agencies to ensure that
the collaboration is working
• Agencies sharing protocols regarding how service provision is
approached

60

National Portrait of SVORI

• Offender as an active participant in the creation of a reentry
plan prior to release
• Use of a transition team that includes staff from within the
institution and community agencies that will work with
offender post-release
• Community service providers coming into the institution to
meet the offender
• Needs assessment updated prior to release specifically for
release planning

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
The District of Columbia (DC) has one SVORI grantee focused on adult and
youthful offenders returning to the DC metropolitan area (depicted in the map
below). The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission
and release trends in the District of Columbia over a 24-year period.

District of Columbia Adult Prison Admissions and Releases,
1978–2002
Number of Admissions/Releases

District of Columbia SVORI Target Areas

District of Columbia

Juvenile

Adult

SVORI Grantees in the District
of Columbia
• Executive Office of the Mayor
through the Deputy Mayor of
Public Safety and Justice
(ODMPSJ)

Both

10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

Admissions
Releases

78

80

82

84

86

88 90
Year

92

94

96

98

00

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Executive Office of the Mayor through the Deputy Mayor of Public Safety
and Justice
SVORI website

None

Data management system

JUSTIS data collection system

Local evaluation planned

Quarterly Performance Reports

Program name

District of Columbia Offender Reentry

ODMPSJ

District of Columbia Offender Reentry

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults and youthful offenders
Fewer than 50

Inclusion criteria

Youth who score above 16 on the risk assessment

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
DC Metropolitan Area
Voluntary for adult offenders. Youth offenders participate through commitments as a result
of court involvement through the District’s Youth Service Administration.
Most participants are under community supervision, Youth Services Administration,
court Social Services, or Diversion

National Portrait of SVORI

61

ODMPSJ

District of Columbia Offender Reentry

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee
Adult—Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency (CSOSA)
Juvenile—Department of Human Services’ Youth Services Administration (DHS/YSA)
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based
Long-Term Support

Duration: At least 1 year, depending on
terms of sentence (adults); 60–90 days
(juveniles)

Duration: Adult inmates up to 120 days;
juveniles 90–120 days

Duration: Average length of
parole/supervised release for adults is 54
months; for juveniles 12 months

Assessments: Adults: reassess risk level/
CSOSA screener designed to assess the
offender’s risk of re-offense and need for
support services

Assessments: Adults: employment,
marital/family relations, substance abuse
habits, emotional adjustment, and attitude
Components/services offered within phase: toward successful community
reintegration; Juveniles: risk/needs
• Adults: Transitional Intervention Parole
Components/services offered within phase:
Components/services offered within phase:
Services (TIPS) will complete the
• Adults: Under Inmate Financial Responsi- Screener and develop a reentry case plan • During Phase 3, Community Supervision
for each returning offender. The case
Officers will continue to implement the
bility Program (IFRP), participants are
plan
will
establish
goals
and
direct
the
reentry case plan developed for each
required to make payments from their
offender
toward
needed
services
to
offender during the transition phase, or
earnings to satisfy court-ordered fines,
address
levels
of
functioning
across
a
immediately upon release if the offender
victim restitution, child support, and
number
of
domains,
which
include
did not transition from prison to the
other monetary judgments
criminality, aggression and violence,
community through a community
• Adults: Have an opportunity to gain
addiction, education, employment, and
corrections center. The case plan
temporary release from custody after
community support/family/peer
establishes goals and directs the offender
meeting strict requirements
networks
toward needed services to address levels
• Juveniles: Individual Service Plan (ISP)
of functioning across a number of
• Adults: specific targeted services include,
is developed
domains, which include criminality,
as needed, substance abuse treatment,
aggression and violence, addiction,
• Juveniles: Aftercare case manager is
mental health counseling, medical and
education, employment, community
assigned
dental services, life skills training,
support/family/peer networks,
faith-based services, and educational
• Adult and juvenile offenders receive
psychosocial functioning, housing, and
placement (GED)
specific targeted reentry services,
leisure time.
including, as needed, substance abuse
• Juveniles: public defender services; other
• Establishment of Project Empowerment
treatment, mental health counseling,
specific targeted services include, as
Plus (PEP), whose goal is to move
medical and dental services, life skills
needed, computer training, financial
reentrants from incarceration to self
training, faith-based services, and
support for school, vocational, mental
sufficiency, self empowerment, and
educational placement (GED)
health, substance abuse treatment,
independence from the criminal justice
expressive art therapy, medical and
Coordination of services:
system through combining employment,
dental, faith-based services, mentoring
human and social services in a
• Adults: Reentry team consisting of a
services, and peer mediation
comprehensive and coordinated manner
halfway house case manager, one
Coordination of services:
delivered in a single service location.
Community Supervision Officer (CSO),
a mentor (if assigned) or family member • Adult: reentry team
• Juveniles: Specific targeted services
include, as needed, mentoring, family
• Juveniles: Transition team consisting of
• Juvenile: team/Steering Committee—
counseling, and community service
specialized service provider, intensive
transition services will be coordinated
projects
aftercare case manager, intensive service
with existing management activities to
provider, the youth, and his/her family
begin 90 days prior to planned release
Coordination of services:
from the correctional facility
• Adults: reentry team
Assessments: Adults: substance abuse,
employment and education needs,
housing; Juveniles: risk/need, mental
health, substance abuse, employment
services

• Juveniles: transition team
62

National Portrait of SVORI

ODMPSJ

District of Columbia Offender Reentry

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes
• Establishment of Project Empowerment Plus as a significant post-release component
• Increased collaboration across various District of Columbia human service agencies and the Court Services and Offender
Supervision Agency to connect offenders to community based services
• Establishment of the District government–led “Community Partnerships for the Future,” a network of community-based
service providers intended to expand the range of services accessible to program participants

National Portrait of SVORI

63

FLORIDA
Florida has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults returning to Palm Beach
County and one focused on juveniles returning to Duval, Miami-Dade, and
Hillsborough counties (depicted in the map below). The juvenile grantee is
using SVORI funds to enhance an existing reentry program. The line chart
below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in
Florida over a 24-year period.

Florida Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002
Duval
Jacksonville

Tampa

Hillsborough

Palm Beach
Haleah

Juvenile

Adult

West
Palm
Beach

Number of Admissions/Releases

Florida SVORI Target Areas

SVORI Grantees in Florida
• Florida Department of
Corrections (FL DOC)
• Florida Department of Juvenile
Justice (FL DJJ)

Miami

50000
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0

Admissions
Releases

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Florida Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Suncom, Correctional Data Center (CDC)

Local evaluation planned

Draft evaluation plans underway

Program name

Serious and Violent Reentry Initiative

FL DOC

Serious and Violent Reentry Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

51–100

Inclusion criteria

Sex offenses and other violent offenses

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

64

Male and female adults

National Portrait of SVORI

Selected State prisons
Palm Beach County
Voluntary
Most offenders are released under probation supervision

FL DOC

Serious and Violent Reentry Initiative

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Palm Beach County Criminal Justice Coalition
FDC/Probation and Parole Department, Circuit 15
3

Phase 1: Protect and Prepare

Phase 2: Control and Restore

Duration: Up to 1 year

Duration: Up to 1 year

Assessments: Comprehensive vocational
and substance abuse assessments

Assessments: No specific assessments used
in this phase

Phase 3: Responsibility and
Productivity
Duration: Remainder of supervision term

Assessments: No specific assessments used
Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase: in this phase
Components/services offered within phase:
• Victim’s Rights Organization involved in
• Transition planning team is formed and
recommendations
for
community
service
consists of mental health counselors,
• Ongoing involvement of family members
substance abuse counselors, victim
• Victim restitution counseling included
• Palm Beach County Workforce
advocate, mentors, probation officer,
Development Board one-stop center
• Palm Beach County Jobs Partnership
Transitional Assistance Specialist (TAS),
organizes community service
• Probationer’s Educational Growth
case managers, and a classification officer.
Program support program
The transition team works with offender • Transitional housing provided
throughout all phases.
• Specific targeted services include, as
• A faith-based organization brings
needed, substance abuse treatment
• Treatment and release plans are tailored
together local churches and other
(AA/NA), mental health counseling,
to the individual needs of the prisoner
religious organizations
medical and dental services, financial
• Prisoners, family members, and victims
• Mentoring program established
assistance for housing needs, life skills
are all involved in the development of the
training, faith-based services, anger
• Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking
reentry plan
management, and educational placement
system implemented
• The TAS is responsible for case
(GED)
Coordination of services:
management
Coordination of services:
• Transition team
• Video-conference tool is available to
• Transition team
bring in family members to document
what problems are going on within the
family
• Family unification counseling is provided
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical and
dental services, financial assistance for
housing needs, life skills training,
faith-based services, and anger
management
Coordination of services:
• Transition team

National Portrait of SVORI

65

FL DOC

Serious and Violent Reentry Initiative

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Use of video-conferencing while offender is incarcerated to
meet with community service providers or family

• Reentry planning prior to release tailored to the individual

• Community service providers come into the institution to
meet with offenders
• Integrated case management where representatives from
multiple community service providers and/or corrections/
supervision agencies meet to discuss and work on particular
cases

• Inclusion of victims and family members during reentry
planning
• Mentor assigned from prisoner’s home community
• Preparation of the community for the prisoner’s return
• Prisoner-specific teams
• Continuum of post-supervision activities

• Case manager from a community-based organization who
brokers services from appropriate agencies for offenders
post-release
• Staff person who creates partnerships with community
service providers in an effort to open channels of
communication and collaboration among agencies, and
facilitate services for offenders post-release
• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
the collaboration is working

SVORI Grantee: Florida Department of Juvenile Justice
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Automated information system

Local evaluation planned

No available funds

Program name

Going Home

FL DJJ

Going Home

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Seriously delinquent youth with at least one adjudication for a violent felony with other risk
factors for recidivism identified on the extensively validated YSL/CMI assessment instrument

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

66

Male and female youthful offenders

National Portrait of SVORI

Selected State Juvenile Corrections Community Programs
Duval, Miami-Dade, and Hillsborough counties
Mandatory
All participants are under Conditional Release (CR)

FL DJJ

Going Home

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Coalition
FL DJJ
3

Phase 1: Protect and Prepare

Coordination of services:

Duration: 60 days (180 days for sex
offenders)

• Transition team

Assessments: YSL/CMI
Components/services offered within phase:
• A transition team that includes Juvenile
Probation Officer (JPO), the CR
provider, and the juvenile and his/her
family is formed; the transition team
works with offender through all phases
• Victim impact curriculum is used and
victims are included during reentry
planning
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
medical and dental services, mental
health counseling, educational and
vocational training, behavior
management, housing assistance, and life
skills training

Phase 2: Control and Restore

Phase 3: Responsibility and
Productivity
Duration: 12 months

Duration: 60–90 days

Assessments: No specific assessments used
in this phase

Assessments: No specific assessments used
in this phase

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Offender continues to receive targeted
reentry services available in Phase 2

• Coordination of transportation services

Coordination of services:

• Home visitations

• Transition team

• Family crises intervention
Coordination of services:
• Transition team

FL DJJ

Going Home

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Use of YLS/CMI for assessment tool

• Enhancement of reentry programming and services available
to juvenile offenders

• Development of mission statements with other agencies
around reentry
• Use of a reentry coalition or task force of agencies who meet
to set guidance for supervision
• Use of regular feedback mechanisms among agencies to
ensure that the collaboration is working
• Sharing of agency protocols regarding how service provision
is approached

National Portrait of SVORI

67

GEORGIA

SVORI Grantees in Georgia
• Georgia Criminal Justice
Coordinating Council (GA
CJCC)

Georgia has one SVORI grantee focused on juveniles returning to the cities of
Albany and Atlanta as well as adults and youthful offenders returning to the
cities of Augusta, Macon, and Savannah (depicted in the map below). The line
chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends
in Georgia over a 24-year period.
Georgia SVORI Target Areas

Georgia Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

25000
Atlanta
Augusta
Macon
Savannah

Admissions
Releases

20000
15000
10000
5000
0

Albany

78

Juvenile

Adult

Both

80

82

84

86

88

90
Year

92

94

96

98

00

02

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Georgia Criminal Justice Coordinating Council
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Adults: Oracle-based information case management system
Juveniles: OTIS, a statewide database

Local evaluation planned

Strategic Planning Division will conduct an in-house unit evaluation

Program name

Georgia Reentry Initiative

GA CJCC

Georgia Reentry Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Adults: ages 25–35, criminal history, considered high risk of offending, and released through
transition centers
Juveniles: ages 12–17, 6–36-month secure confinement by commitment order, IQ in the
normal range, and considered high risk

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders and severely mentally ill offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

68

Male and female adults and juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

Selected State prisons
Augusta, Macon, and Savannah; Albany, Atlanta (for juveniles only)
Voluntary
Participants are under parole or probation

GA CJCC

Georgia Reentry Initiative

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee
State Board of Pardons and Parole and Department of Juvenile Justice
3

Phase 1: Prison

Phase 2: Transition Center

Duration: Unknown

Duration: 6–9 months

Assessments: Adults: Northpointe
COMPASS, ASI, and TABE; Juveniles: MST

Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase

Duration: Unknown

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical and
dental services, housing needs, life skills
training, faith-based services, anger
management, and employment skills/
vocational training

• Resources provided for families to be part
of the offender's rehabilitation process

Components/services offered within phase:
• Reentry planning begins
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical and
dental services, housing needs, life skills
training, faith-based services, anger
management, and employment skills/
vocational training
Coordination of services:
• Juvenile Probation/Parole Specialist

Phase 3: Probation/Parole
Community

Assessments: Community assessment to
Components/services offered within phase: identify case management services and
gaps
• Offenders transition from inmates to
Components/services offered within phase:
members of society

Coordination of services:
• Transition team made up of treatment
providers, Department of Corrections
security, counseling and employment
staff

• Victims and victim advocacy groups will
provide input and guidance to formulate
portions of reentry phase
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical and
dental services, housing needs, life skills
training, faith-based services, anger
management, and employment skills/
vocational training
Coordination of services:
• Transition team

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Community service providers allowed to come into the
institution to meet with offenders

• Reentry planning prior to release tailored to the individual

• Integrated case management where representatives from
multiple community service providers and/or corrections/
supervision agencies meet to discuss and work on particular
cases

• Inclusion of victim during reentry planning

• Inclusion of family members during reentry planning

National Portrait of SVORI

69

HAWAII
Hawaii has one SVORI grantee focusing on adults returning to Maui (depicted
in the map below). The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison
admission and release trends in Hawaii over a 24-year period.
Hawaii SVORI Target Areas

SVORI Grantees in Hawaii
• Hawaii Department of Public
Safety (HI DPS)

Hawaii Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Maui

Juvenile

Number of Admissions/Releases

4000

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

Both

Adult

Admissions
Releases

3500

78

80

82

84

86

88

90
Year

92

94

96

98

00

02

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Hawaii Department of Public Safety
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Integrated system in development

Local evaluation planned

Pending

Program name

Being Empowered and Safe Together (BEST) Reintegration

HI DPS

Being Empowered and Safe Together (BEST)

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–35 and serious and violent offenders

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders until they complete Sex Offender Treatment Program (SOTP)

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status:

Selected State prisons
Maui County
Voluntary
Most enrollees are released under parole supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases
70

National Portrait of SVORI

Planning and Advisory Council; “The Partners”
Hawaii Department of Public Safety, the Second Circuit Judiciary, and Maui Economic
Opportunity, Inc.
3

HI DPS

Being Empowered and Safe Together (BEST)

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Duration: 6 months

Duration: 12 months

Duration: 18+ months

Assessments: LSI reassessment and ISP
tools are used to measure recidivism, level
of risk to the community, mental health,
and substance abuse issues
Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase:
Components/services offered within phase:
• Individual Service Plan (ISP) is developed • Restorative Justice Programs in
development
• Mentoring continues
• Inmates participate in reentry planning
• Graduated system of intermediate
• Specific targeted services include, as
• Mentor training in community begins
sanctions administered
needed, substance abuse and mental
• Inmates matched with community-based
health treatment, housing assistance,
• Family Reunification implemented as a
mentor
employment services, cultural awareness
joint objective
and renewal, and cognitive skills training
• All participants sign a Reentry Agreement
• Mentor training in community continues
that states clearly that failure to
Coordination of services:
• Job training, employment referrals, and
participate will result in expulsion from
• BEST case managers, HPA, MISC, the
support services
the program
Judiciary, Second Circuit, Adult Client
• Support services implemented, including
• Specific targeted services include, as
Services Division, various community
job-related transportation, clothing,
needed, substance abuse treatment,
service providers
vocational training
mental health counseling, family
unification, educational and vocational
• Assistance with Mental Health and
training, life skills training, faith-based
Substance Abuse Treatment services
services, cognitive skills training, and
• Integrated case management services
culturally based programs
between BEST and supervising agencies
Coordination of services:
Coordination of services:
• BEST case managers, Maui Community
• BEST case managers, Hawaii Paroling
Correctional Center (MCCC)
Authority (HPA)—Maui District Office,
administrative staff, MCCC case
The Judiciary, Second Circuit, Adult
managers, Maui Drug Court
Client Services Division, Maui Intake
Services Center (MISC), Sex Offender
Treatment Program (SOTP), Drug
Treatment and Mental Health Services
Providers

Assessments: LSI, RAD, and ASUS used
to measure recidivism, level of risk to the
community, and mental health issues

Assessments: LSI, ISP, recidivism, level of
risk to the community, mental health, and
substance abuse

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Funding is now available for services that were volunteerbased

• Development of reentry plan prior to release is tailored to the
individual risk and/or needs of the offender

• Needs assessment conducted and updated prior to release
specifically for the purpose of developing a reentry plan

• Offenders are active participants in the creation of the
reentry plan

• Case management where representatives from multiple
community service providers and/or corrections agencies
meet to discuss and work on particular cases

• Family members are included during reentry planning

• Partnerships created with community service providers,
which will open channels of communication and
collaboration among agencies and facilities for offenders
post-release

• Transition team from within institution and community
agencies will work with offender before, during, and after
release throughout incarceration and parole term
• Case managers from a community-based organization broker
services from appropriate agency for offenders post-release
• Offenders are better prepared to reenter the community, are
motivated, and are invested stakeholders in the community

National Portrait of SVORI

71

IDAHO

SVORI Grantees in Idaho
• Idaho Department of
Corrections (ID DOC)

Idaho has one SVORI grantee with two administratively separate programs:
one focused on adults and one focused on juveniles, all returning to the cities of
Boise, Caldwell, and Nampa (depicted in the map below). ID DOC is using SVORI funds to improve its comprehensive
reentry program by filling gaps in the current system and by strengthening relationships and collaboration among
agencies and community partners. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release
trends in Idaho over a 24-year period.
Idaho SVORI Target Areas

Idaho Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

4000

Caldwell

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500

Boise City

Nampa

Admissions
Releases

3500

0
78

Juvenile

Adult

Both

80

82

84

86

88

90
Year

92

94

96

98

00

02

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Idaho Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Offender Management System

Local evaluation planned

Yes; evaluator not selected

Program names

Idaho SVORI
Juvenile Reentry Program

ID DOC: PROGRAM 1

Idaho SVORI

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

51–100

Inclusion criteria

Ages 25 years and younger, identified as violent, and within 3 years of parole eligibility

Exclusion criteria

Severely mentally ill offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

72

Male and female adults

National Portrait of SVORI

Selected State prisons
Cities of Boise, Caldwell, and Nampa
Voluntary
All participants are under supervised parole

ID DOC: PROGRAM 1

Idaho SVORI

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Advisory Committee on Reentry
Idaho Parole Commission
3

Phase 1: Institution

Phase 2: Transition

Phase 3: Sustaining

Duration: 6 months

Duration: 6 months

Duration: 1 year

Assessments: LSI-R, TABE, and
COMPU-13

Assessments: Responsivity assessments,
Jesness, Hare Psychopathy Checklist, and
COSSAS (for non-native speakers of
English)

Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase

Components/services offered within phase:
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical and
dental services, housing, life skills
programming, and education and
vocational training
Coordination of services:
• Transition Reentry Team (resource
broker, parole officer, education
counselor, representative of vocational
rehabilitation, parole commission,
institutional case manager, and
representative of victims services)

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:
• Development of community partnerships

• Victim advocacy and education
• Offender receives specific targeted reentry
Coordination of services:
services, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling,
• Transition Parole Officer
medical and dental services, housing, life
skills programming, and education and
vocational training
• Restitution
• Sanctions for failure to participate
Coordination of services:
• Transition Reentry Team

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes
• Filling existing service gaps
• Enhancing relationship-building and collaboration among agencies and community partners

ID DOC: PROGRAM 2

Juvenile Reentry Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
101–150

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–20, identified as serious or violent offenders, and on county probation for at least
6 months after release

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Cities of Boise, Caldwell, and Nampa
Voluntary
All participants are under juvenile probation

National Portrait of SVORI

73

ID DOC: PROGRAM 2

Juvenile Reentry Program

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Coordinating reentry team
Counties
3

Phase 1: Institution

Phase 2: Transition

Phase 3: Sustaining

Duration: 10–12 months

Duration: Up to 1 year

Duration: 12 months

Assessments: LSI-R, YLSI, SASSI

Assessments: IDJC, a comprehensive
Assessments: No specific assessments are
assessment
used in this phase
Components/services offered within phase:
Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase:
• Relapse prevention plan is developed
• Advocacy and education for victims,
offenders, and family members are
provided
Coordination of services:
• Community Treatment Team (juvenile
services coordinator, juvenile probation
officer [JPO], resource broker, and family
members)

• Relapse prevention plan is developed
• Advocacy and education for victims,
offenders, and family members are
provided
Coordination of services:
• Community Treatment Team

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, restitution,
family involvement, housing, educational
services, and job training
Coordination of services:
• Juvenile probation officer

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Specific case manager from a community-based organization
who brokers services from appropriate agencies for offenders
once they are released

• Increased availability of transportation, providing increased
access to services

• Reentry coalition or task force of agencies that meets to
set guidance for supervision of offenders returning to the
community
• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
the collaboration is working

74

National Portrait of SVORI

ILLINOIS

SVORI Grantees in Illinois
• Illinois Department of
Corrections (IL DOC)

Illinois has one SVORI grantee focused on adults and juveniles returning to
Chicago (Cook County) with a concentration in the North Lawndale and West
Garfield communities, depicted in the map below. The grantee targeted these communities because of the high
percentage of ex-offenders who return there. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and
release trends in Illinois over a 24-year period.
Illinois SVORI Target Areas

Illinois Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002
Chicago

40000
Number of Admissions/Releases

Cook
County

35000

Admissions
Releases

30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year

Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Illinois Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Criminal Justice Information Authority (CJIA)

Local evaluation planned

Irving B. Harris Graduate School of Public Policy—University of Chicago

Program name

Illinois Going Home

IL DOC

Illinois Going Home

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male adults and juveniles
151–200 adults and juveniles

Inclusion criteria

Violent tendencies and/or a high risk of recidivism

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons, especially West Side Adult Transition Center
City of Chicago (Cook County), including the communities of North Lawndale
and West Garfield
Voluntary
Over 90% are on mandatory supervised parole for 1–2 years

National Portrait of SVORI

75

IL DOC

Illinois Going Home

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee
Illinois Department of Corrections and Prisoner Review Board
3

Phase I

Phase II

Phase III

Duration: 6 months

Duration: 6 months

Duration: Up to 12 months

Assessments: Adults: Vocation assessment,
substance abuse screening (TCU drug
screen), MCMI (an adult personality test),
and GAMA (a nonverbal, self-administered
intelligence test). Juveniles: MMPI (assesses
psychopathology and identifies social and
behavioral problems); and “socrates”
(assesses both adult and juvenile client
motivation)

Assessments: Security and supervision
assessment, substance abuse and mental
health assessment, living skills and support
services assessment, pre-employment and
employment skills assessment

Assessments: Reassessment of reentry plan
Components/services offered within phase:
• Ongoing family involvement with reentry
plan

Components/services offered within phase: • Fidelity bond coverage is offered up to
$10,000 for up to 6 months for
• Continue assistance with family
participants who are not commercially
reunification, including re-establishing
bondable because they are ex-offenders
relations with adults and children
and have a firm job offer of full-time
Components/services offered within phase:
• Specific targeted services include, as
work lasting 6 months or longer
• Transition team formed; Includes IL
needed, substance abuse and mental
• Specific targeted services include, as
DOC parole officers, Treatment Alternahealth counseling, medical and dental
needed, substance abuse and mental
tives for Safe Communities (TASC), and
services, employment and living skills,
health counseling, medical and dental
North Lawndale Employment Network
housing assistance, and anger
services, employment and living skills,
staff.
management
housing assistance, and anger
• Begin assistance with family
Coordination of services:
management
reunification, including re-establishing
• Case manager and transition team
• Individual Development Account (IDA)
relations with adults and children
that matches participants’ savings 2 to 1
• Initial reentry plan developed by Field
up to $6,000 for post-secondary
Service Representative (an employee of a
education or home purchase
given correctional center/prison) and
Coordination of services:
refined by transition team
• Case manager
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse and mental
health counseling, employment needs,
and living skills
Coordination of services:
• Case manager and transition team

76

National Portrait of SVORI

IL DOC

Illinois Going Home

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• For the first time, IL DOC has the flexibility to temporarily
detain parolees without revoking their parole and returning
the parolees to prison. IL DOC will hold a parolee for 3–12
weeks in a “halfway back” facility for technical violations of
parole.

• Offender is active participant in the creation of the reentry
plan

• Case manager keeps the entire transition team briefed about
the progress of program participant and will meet with team
members when changes to a participant’s reentry plan are
needed

• Family members are involved in reentry planning
• Individualized case management for each participant through
all three program phases
• Transition team works with participant throughout all phases
• Graduates of Going Home program will become mentors to
other participants

• Faith-based community group provides continual assistance
• Use of minimum-security Adult Transition Center (ATC)
located in the N. Lawndale community as a Phase I base for
pre-release delivery of services (previously this center was
used only for work release)
• Use of video-conferencing while the offender is in prison
to meet with community service providers and family when
participants cannot be transferred to west side ATC for
security reasons
• Agencies have regular feedback mechanism to ensure that the
collaboration is working

National Portrait of SVORI

77

INDIANA

SVORI Grantees in Indiana
• Indiana Department of
Corrections (IN DOC)

Indiana has one SVORI grantee with four administratively separate programs:
one focused on adults returning to Allen County, one focused on juveniles
returning to Allen County, one focused on adults returning to Marion County, and one focused on juveniles returning
to Marion County (depicted in the map below). The adult program in Allen County was already very well established,
and therefore the SVORI money distributed to it was more limited and helped expand existing program efforts. The
Marion County programs concentrate efforts in several Weed and Seed communities. The line chart below provides
BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Indiana over a 24-year period.
Indiana SVORI Target Areas

Indiana Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Allen
Fort Wayne

Marion
Indianapolis

3 Weed and Seed
Communities in
Marion County

Number of Admissions/Releases

16000
Admissions
Releases

14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
78

Juvenile

Adult

Both

80

82

84

86

88

90
Year

92

94

96

98

00

02

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Indiana Department of Corrections
SVORI website
Data management system

The Allen County adult program has access to the SPILLMAN (local law enforcement
database), IDACS (arrest information), NCIC (National Crime Information Center), and the
local court system (tracks conviction and sentencing information). The local evaluation team
for the adult program has a database tracking Reentry Court participants. The juvenile
program in Allen County uses the Quest Case Management system and has the ability to flag
SVORI participants through this system. In Marion County, both the adult and juvenile
programs use The Clinical Manager (TCM), a clinical and fiscal management software
program that has been tailored to meet the unique needs of this program.

Local evaluation planned

The Indiana Criminal Justice Institute will include the adult program in Allen County in its
existing Reentry Court local evaluation; it may also include the juvenile program in Allen
County. The Hudson Institute is conducting the local evaluation for the Marion County
juvenile program. For the Marion County adult program, the Director of Outcomes and
Evaluation from Choices, Inc. is coordinating the evaluation and will be assisted by IN DOC’s
Director of Planning and IN DOC’s Director of Religious Services and Community
Involvement.

Program names

78

http://www.ChoicesTeam.org/—(Marion County)
http://www.allencountycorrections.com/—(Allen County Adult)

National Portrait of SVORI

Allen County Adult Program
Allen County Juvenile Program
Marion County Adult Program
Marion County Juvenile Program

IN DOC: PROGRAM 1

Allen County Adult Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Those convicted of a Class D felony or above, returning to Allen County, and eligible for early
release under transition statute (no change in credit time within 45 days of release, resident of
Indiana, agreement from sentencing courts, no murder offenses, and serving at least a 2-year
sentence)

Exclusion criteria

Those with serious mental health problems (either refusing to take medications or taking
injectable psychotropic medications), severe physical handicaps that preclude electronic
monitoring (e.g., deaf mutes), or two or more Reentry Court failures

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Allen County
Voluntary agreement to participate; mandatory once they are involved with the Reentry Court
All are released early to Allen County Community Corrections

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Advisory Board
Allen County Superior Court implemented by Allen County Community Corrections
2

Phase 1: Initial Release

Phase 2: Post-release

Duration: 5 weeks

Duration: 5–52 weeks

Assessments: The forensic assessment includes an educational
intelligence test (Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test), a personality
assessment (MMPI-II/PAI), a clinical interview with a mental
health therapist, and an assessment for psychopathy (Hare
PCL-R) and risk assessments.

Assessments: No specific assessments are used in this phase

Components/services offered within phase:
• Reentry Court operating; all participants receive electronic
monitoring
• Offender meets with the Reentry Court within the first week
of release
• Reintegration plan developed
• Participants oriented to the program
• Team-integrated case management provided
• Transition team formed
Coordination of services:
• Allen County Community Corrections and Reentry Court

Components/services offered within phase:
• Reintegration plan imposed by the Reentry Court Judge
• Offenders pay to participate in the post-release programming
through cash or community service
• Allen County Community Corrections provides team-integrated case management and the majority of post-release
services
• Reentry Court responsible for providing oversight, graduated
sanctions, and rewards
• Programming offered through Allen County Community
Corrections includes cooperative learning GED classes and
other educational programs through local post-secondary
institutions; life skills training; cognitive skill development;
sex offender treatment; crisis intervention; substance abuse
programs; mentoring and victim/offender conferencing; family
counseling; victim awareness; a 2 week intensive Offender
Employment Academy and a transitional job program
Coordination of services:
• Allen County Community Corrections and Reentry Court

National Portrait of SVORI

79

IN DOC: PROGRAM 1

Allen County Adult Program

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Allen County Community Corrections able to work more
closely with IN DOC

• Increased ability to provide job counseling services to specific
offenders as a result of the new Job Developer position

• Purchased more electronic monitoring systems

• Increased use of electronic monitoring

• Provided assistance to a local halfway house called Wings
of Hope, where many of the female participants are housed
after release
• Expanded the geographical parameters of the program from
the southeast quadrant of Fort Wayne to all of Allen County
• Hired a Job Developer to seek out jobs in the community for
participants and to sit in on team case management meetings
• Mentally ill offenders received expedited appointments with
psychiatrists, the establishment of a medication management
system, enrollment in counseling/treatment, and stabilized
housing. Offenders in need of services received specialized
case management services within one to two days of release
from prison and can rely on appointments with a psychiatrist
within one to two weeks of release.

IN DOC: PROGRAM 2

Allen County Juvenile Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
51–100

Inclusion criteria

Those who are assessed as high risk and repeat offenders

Exclusion criteria

Ages 18 and older, severely mentally ill, and sex offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Allen County
Mandatory
Court reassumes jurisdiction upon release for all SVORI participants, who are placed
on electronic monitoring

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

80

National Portrait of SVORI

All agencies that signed the Memorandum of Understanding are included
IN DOC and Court have joint jurisdiction
3

IN DOC: PROGRAM 2

Phase 1: Readiness

Allen County Juvenile Program

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based
Long-Term Support

Assessments: Risk and needs assessments
conducted

Duration: 90 days

Duration: Up to 1 year

• Case management provided

• Electronic monitoring provided

• Case management

• Mentoring provided

• Case management provided

• Mentoring

• Ongoing treatment plan development

• Mentoring provided

• Ongoing treatment plan development

• Reentry court hearing on the day of
release

• Ongoing treatment plan development

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, life skills training, anger
management, and sex-offender
counseling

Duration: 1–3 months

Assessments: Participants receive ongoing Assessments: Participants receive ongoing
risk and needs assessments.
Components/services offered within phase: risk and needs assessments.
Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase:
• Electronic monitoring provided

• Regular meetings with parole, probation,
or case manager for the first 30 days
post-release
• Reentry court meets with youth every
6 months to assess compliance

• Reentry court hearing on the day of
release
• Regular meetings with parole, probation,
or case manager for the first 30 days
post-release
• Reentry court meets with youth every 6
months to assess compliance

• Specific targeted services include, as
Coordination of services:
needed, substance abuse treatment,
• Specific targeted services include, as
mental health counseling, employment
needed, substance abuse treatment,
• Less stringent monitoring by a specialized
skills/vocational training, education,
mental health counseling, employment
juvenile transition team made up of case
housing assistance, parenting skills
skills/vocational training, education,
managers and transition coordinators
training, domestic violence prevention
housing assistance, parenting skills
and intervention, life skills training, anger
training, domestic violence prevention
management, and sex-offender
and intervention, life skills training, anger
counseling
management, and sex-offender
counseling
Coordination of services:
• Two Youth Services Transition Specialists
(YSTS) are dedicated to the program and
serve as case managers in the facility

Coordination of services:
• Allen County Superior Court

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Opened a new facility, Allen County Juvenile Center (ACJC),
to house court and administrative offices as well as process
all participants pre-release

• Increased availability of specialized and ongoing services

• Increased awareness of the long-term needs of the juveniles
• Implemented the Parent Participation Plan
• Improved communication with IN DOC

National Portrait of SVORI

81

IN DOC: PROGRAM 3

Marion County Adult Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
51–100

Inclusion criteria

Those convicted of a Class D felony or above and returning to one of the three targeted
Weed and Seed Communities

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Primarily Pendleton Correctional Facility, Correctional Industrial Facility,
and Indiana Women’s Prison
3 Weed and Seed communities in Marion County (Westside, SUMO,
and Martindale/Brightwood)
Voluntary unless stipulated by parole or probation
Most will be released to supervision through parole or probation

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Advisory Board
Marion Superior Court or Marion County Community Corrections
3

Phase 1: Pre-release
Duration: 3-6 months
Assessments: LSI-R (Level of Service
Inventory- Revised)
Components/services offered within phase:
• Application to participate
• Treatment plan development
• Ongoing relapse prevention plan
development
• Determination of facility programming
through assessments and development
of program requirements
• Identification and development of
community requirements for releasee
• Mentor match, mentor training
• Community match, community training
• Physical and mental health and welfare
check
• Identification requirements verified
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, employment
assessment/training/contacts, education
assessment/

82

National Portrait of SVORI

programs/contacts, housing assessment/
programs/contacts, family development/
parenting skills training, life skills
training, and religious
assessment/programs/contacts
Coordination of services:
• Community Reentry Chaplain

Phase 2: Immediate Post-release
Duration: 90 days

Phase 3: Ongoing Support and
Accountability
Duration: Approximately 40 weeks
Assessments: LSI-R
Components/services offered within phase:
• Continued development of neighborhood
associations
• Treatment plan monitoring

Assessments: None

• Emphasis on accountability and
responsibility

Components/services offered within phase:

• Job search recaps—employment stability

• Requirements set by courts or by
parole/probation

Coordination of services:

• Treatment plan assessed and reevaluation
• Life skills development
• Continuation of relapse prevention plan,
employment plan, family development,
and community development
Coordination of services:
• Community Reentry Chaplain

• Community Reentry Chaplain

IN DOC: PROGRAM 3

Marion County Adult Program

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased willingness in Weed and Seed communities to work • Increased availability of specialized and ongoing services
with and welcome offenders home
during incarceration, reentry and post-release
• Recognition of barriers to successful reintegration

• Development of community of support, including a
faith-based community

• System-wide community support

• Recognition of barriers to successful reintegration

• Community cooperative efforts with INDOC, Parole/
Probation, Community Corrections, and the criminal justice
system (courts and prosecuting attorneys)

• Development of a integrated reentry treatment plan and
relapse prevention plan

• Increased awareness in community of offender needs

• Neighborhood associations (Weed and Seed) and faith-based
training programs/mentoring programs

• Increase in available services, including life skills training,
an immediate and long term family needs assessment and
treatment program, and employment and housing services
with relocation as necessary

IN DOC: PROGRAM 4

Marion County Juvenile Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
101–150

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–17.5 and “High” or “Very High” risk on IN DOC assessment tool

Exclusion criteria

Over 18 at the time of release or severely mentally ill, sex offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Participants come from the Pendleton (Pendleton, IN), Plainfield (Plainfield, IN)
and Indianapolis Juvenile facilities
3 Weed and Seed Communities in Marion County (Westside, SUMO, and
Martindale/Brightwood)
Voluntary; once the court becomes involved upon release, it becomes mandatory
Participants are put on parole for the first 30 days after release. After 30 days, participants
are released form parole and put on probation.

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

All agencies that signed a Memorandum of Understanding are included
IN DOC and Court have joint jurisdiction
3

National Portrait of SVORI

83

IN DOC: PROGRAM 4

Phase 1: Readiness
Duration: 60 days
Assessments: Risk and needs assessments
and strength-based intake assessment

Marion County Juvenile Program

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based
Long-Term Support

Duration: 30+ days

Duration: 3–12 months

Assessments: Risk and needs assessments
Components/services offered within phase: completed by YSTS
Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management by Youth Services
Transition Specialist (YSTS) and Service
• Case management by the YSTS and
Coordinators
individualized REACT team
• Strength-based treatment plan
• Ongoing treatment plan development
development
and involvement of mentor
• Assignment to a mentor
• Youth are released 30 days early
(temporary leave) as an incentive to
• Release plan development
participate
• Specific targeted services include, as
• Participants receive electronic monitoring
needed, substance abuse treatment,
(at judge’s discretion)
mental health counseling, medical and
dental services, employment
• Participants meet the judge in court on
skills/vocational training, education,
the day of their release and weekly
housing assistance, parenting skills
thereafter
training, life skills training, anger
• Judge imposes sanctions and rewards
management, and faith-based services
during 30-day trial period and mandates
• Reentry and Court Team (REACT), the
participation of parents and family
transition team, meets with participant at
• Continuation of services provided in
least once before release
Phase 1, with the addition of domestic
Coordination of services:
violence prevention and intervention
• Service Coordinators (employed by
Coordination of services:
Choices) meet with youth weekly or
• Service Coordinators have daily contact
biweekly to provide case management,
with the youth and work with Weed and
plan development, and assessments.
Seed community representatives to
ensure that youth are linked to services.

Assessments: YSTS completes risk and
needs assessments 90 days post-release
Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management (Service Coordinator
and YSTS)
• Ongoing treatment plan development
and involvement of mentor
• Continuation of services offered in
Phase 2
Coordination of services:
• The REACT team advises the judge about
participants’ progress with their Reentry/
Treatment Plan. As long as youth have
made progress in accordance with the
plan, the judge puts them on a gradual
step-down where supervision becomes
decreasingly stringent.

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• REACT Team led by Choices individually formed for each
participant (includes Service Coordinator, YSTS, Weed and
Seed representative, mentors, family, community members
and school personnel)

• REACT Team rallied around youth to link them to services
and to provide case management

• Communication and information sharing increased among
partners
• Department of Education included for the first time in the
reentry process
• Changed community attitude to be more accepting of reentry
planning

84

National Portrait of SVORI

• Youth held accountable by the Reentry Court for good
behavior through electronic monitoring, sanctions, and
rewards

IOWA

SVORI Grantees in Iowa
• Iowa Department of
Corrections (IA DOC)

Iowa has one SVORI grantee focused on adults and youthful offenders returning
to Polk County (depicted in the map below). The site chose to target young
offenders because of (1) the high rate of recidivism among young offenders, which has been a major factor in the
growth of Iowa’s prison population, and (2) the high rate of probation and parole technical revocations. The line chart
below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Iowa over a 24-year period.
Iowa SVORI Target Areas

Iowa Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

7000

Des Moines

Polk

Admissions
Releases

6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

Juvenile

Adult

78

Both

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Iowa Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

The Iowa Correction Offender Network (ICON)

Local evaluation planned

The Iowa Division of Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning is conducting a local evaluation

Program names

Going Home KEYS—Keys Essential to Your Success
Going Home Reentry Grant

IA DOC: PROGRAM 1

Going Home KEYS–Keys Essential to Your Success

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–35, LSI-R assessment scores of 24 or higher, have specific employment needs,
and have been confined for 12 months

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Polk County
Voluntary
Most offenders are released under parole supervision or work release

National Portrait of SVORI

85

IA DOC: PROGRAM 1

Going Home KEYS–Keys Essential to Your Success

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee and Reentry Partners
The Iowa Parole Board has release authority, and the Fifth Judicial District Correctional
Program has community supervision authority
3

Phase 1: Preparation Phase

Phase 2: Release Planning Phase

Phase 3: Sustaining Phase

Duration: 12 weeks

Duration: 12 months to 2 years

Assessments: LSI-R, substance abuse,
employment-related service, and mental
health

Assessments: No specific assessments used
in this phase

Duration: Remainder of supervision term
(typically 12 months)

Assessments: No specific assessments are
Components/services offered within phase: used in this phase
Components/services offered within phase: • Increased communication with the work Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management development
• Community-based case manager and
parole officer visits with the participant
in the institution
• Reentry plan development
• 12-week KEYS program: curriculumbased, classroom program
• Involvement of participants in reentry
plan development
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, mental health counseling,
medical services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, life skills training, and
mentoring
Coordination of services:

release facility

• Case management continues

• Formation of a transitional team for each
offender

• Participants are introduced to community-based service providers

• Offender receives specific targeted reentry • Specific targeted services include, as
services, as needed, including basic life
needed, substance abuse treatment,
skills, computer skills, vocational
mental health services, and employment
counseling and training
training, employment, money
management, family issues training,
Coordination of services:
housing assistance, and parenting skills
• Case managers and community
training
supervision staff
• A Community Accountability Board
• Reentry Support Workers
consisting of community volunteers
recommends alternative sanctions, works
with each case manager, and meets with
offenders as needed (at least once)
Coordination of services:
• Case managers

• Case managers
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Using a team approach to reentry
• Using partnerships to use scarce resources more efficiently

• Beginning planning for reentry and transition to the
community at each offender’s entry to prison

• Fostering cross-agency participation and increased
communication across institutions

• Preparing the community pre-release for the prisoner’s
return
• Providing enhanced and targeted reentry services

86

National Portrait of SVORI

IA DOC: PROGRAM 2

Going Home Reentry Grant

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female young adults
Less than 50

Inclusion criteria

None; all juvenile offenders who age out (turn 18) while in placement at statewide training
schools are eligible

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Statewide training schools: Training School in Eldora for males, and Toledo Young Adult
Home for females
Polk County
Voluntary
Juvenile offenders who age out while in placement typically will no longer be under the
jurisdiction of the court

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Community Transition Team
Not under court jurisdiction after age 18 unless new crime is committed under adult system
3

Phase 1: Institution Phase

Phase 2: Transition Phase

Phase 3: Stabilization Phase

Duration: 60 days

Duration: 9–12 months

Duration: 12 months

Assessments: Substance abuse and mental
health

Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase

Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase

Components/services offered within
phase:

Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase:

• Case management is further developed
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, education,
housing assistance, life skills training,
and anger management

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, education,
housing assistance, life skills training, sex
offender treatment/supports, and anger
management

Coordination of services:

Coordination of services:

• Ongoing support and supervision

• Transition team

• Transition team

• Employment and training services

• Case management is further developed

• Development of individualized plans
using a wraparound process
• Establishment of individual funding
accounting for services not available
through existing funding streams
• Improved access to resources identified
in the wraparound plan

Coordination of services:
• Transition team
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Formation of a partnership between IA DOC and Polk
County Decategorization

• Increased services available to young adult participants aging
out of the juvenile system
• Case management services

National Portrait of SVORI

87

KANSAS

SVORI Grantees in Kansas
• Kansas Department of
Corrections (KDOC)
• Kansas Juvenile Justice
Authority (KS JJA)

Kansas has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults returning to Shawnee
County (depicted in the map below) and one focused on juveniles returning to
five judicial districts located in the south-central areas of Sedgwick, Cowley,
and Butler/Elk/Greenwood counties and in the northeast areas of Johnson and
Wyandotte counties (also shown). The adult grantee targeted Shawnee County
because it includes both urban and rural populations, contains or is near the main prison facilities in the state, hosts
a significant number of returning prisoners, and has a large number of community service agencies. The juvenile
grantee targeted the judicial districts containing Kansas City and Wichita because a majority of the juvenile offenders
return there. The rural areas surrounding these two urban areas were also targeted because the reentry efforts will need
to be replicated in other rural areas throughout the state. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison
admission and release trends in Kansas over a 24-year period.
Kansas SVORI Target Areas

Kansas Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Shawnee
Lawrence

Wyandotte
Kansas City

Johnson

Butler Greenwood
Sedgwick Wichita
Elk
Cowley

Juvenile

Adult

Number of Admissions/Releases

6000
Admissions
Releases

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000

Both

0
78

80

82

84

86

88

90
Year

92

94

96

98

00

02

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Kansas Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

KDOC has two databases in which SVORI participants can be identified. Local evaluator
has developed a SVORI-specific database that includes additional information.

Local evaluation planned

University of Kansas is conducting a local evaluation

Program name

Shawnee County Reentry Program (SCRP)

KDOC

Shawnee County Reentry Program (SCRP)

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–34, at high risk of recidivism or violence

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status
88

Male and female adults

National Portrait of SVORI

Statewide adult prisons; all males transferred to Lansing facility for SVORI programming
Shawnee County
Voluntary
Approximately 80% on post-release supervision; approximately 20% not under supervision

KDOC

Shawnee County Reentry Program (SCRP)

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Phase 1: Identification and
Assessment Phase

42 key partners form a steering committee and advisory board and participate
on community accountability panel and expert teams
Community Accountability Panel
3

Phase 2: Transition Phase

• Community Accountability Panel (SCRPspecific police officer, victims' services
Duration: 1 year (6 months pre-release;
representative, mental health represen6 months post-release)
Duration: 6–8 months is ideal; duration
tative, substance abuse representative,
varies depending on when offender is
Assessments: Needs assessment
one person from community, and exidentified for participation
offender) monitors offender’s progress
Components/services offered within phase:
Assessments: LSI-R
• SCRP-specific parole officer supervises all
• Offender meets with transition team
program participants who are on parole
Components/services offered within phase:
(Reentry Program Coordinator, Reentry
Case Manager Advocate, SCRP parole
• Specific targeted services include, as
• Development of reentry plan
officer, SCRP police officer, mental health
needed, substance abuse treatment,
• Case management by Reentry Case
agency representative) to further develop
mental health treatment, medical and
Manager Advocate
release plan
dental services, employment skills
training and employment services
• Specific targeted services include, as
• Offender required to complete core
(resume writing, job searches, job
needed, substance abuse treatment,
curriculum (one educational, one
placement assistance), vocational
mental health treatment, medical and
lifeskill, one reentry planning, and one
rehabilitation, education, housing
dental services, employment skills
job skill enhancement) prior to release
assistance, parenting skills training,
training, vocational rehabilitation,
• Engage offender’s family or other
domestic violence prevention and
education, housing assistance, parenting
supports
intervention, life skills, anger
skills training, domestic violence
management, faith-based services, family
prevention and intervention, life skills,
• Address anti-social attributes through
services, community service/restitution,
anger management, faith-based services,
mentor or by engaging other pro-social
and victim/offender mediation
budgeting, nutrition, health, family
community members
transition, family workshop, character
• Local provider completes assessments
• Reach-in by community service
building, and cognitive skills (Thinking
providers; community supports identified regarding mental health and substance
for a Change)
abuse needs upon release
• Case management by Reentry Case
Coordination of services:
Coordination of services:
Manager Advocate who transitions with
• Reentry Case Manager Advocate to
participant
• Reentry Case Manager Advocate to
coordinate services at the individual
coordinate services at the individual
• Victims may participate in reentry
offender level in all phases
offender level in all phases
planning process
• Boundary spanner to broker services at
• Boundary spanner to broker services at
• Participants meet with Offender Workthe aggregate level across all phases
the aggregate level across all phases
force Development Specialist (OWDS)
for job preparedness assessment to help
• 42 key partners form 6 expert teams to
transition from pre to post release
coordinate community resources and
brainstorm on individual cases
• Trained mentor from community
assigned to participant and makes transition with participant from pre- to postrelease

National Portrait of SVORI

89

KDOC

Shawnee County Reentry Program (SCRP)

Phase 3: Community Phase

• Alumni supports

Coordination of services:

Duration: Varies as a function of the
length of post-release supervision period

• Individual contacts for crises

• Reentry Case Manager Advocate to
coordinate services at the individual
offender level in all phases

Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase
Components/services offered within phase:
• Reentry program hands over case to
parole, which handles supervision and
case management from that point on

• Events/activities to keep offenders
connected and coming back to the
program (e.g., “tax returns for free”
party)
• Community Accountability Panel
• Community connections and supports

• Boundary spanner to broker services
across all phases
• 42 key partners with expertise in all key
service and community issues to
coordinate resources and brainstorm on
individual cases

• Support by Case Manager Advocate
(if needed)
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Use of Community Accountability Panel and community
expert panels in areas such as housing, employment,
education, community safety, and medical/mental health

• Forming offender-specific transition teams that include staff
from the institution and the community to work with
offender in pre- and post-release phases

• Increase in collaboration among community partners

• Earlier start for reentry planning

• Cooperation and collaboration between reentry program
and victim services

• Release plan tailored to offender’s needs and finalized by
transition team and offender

• Creation of a Community Reentry Steering Committee

• Enhanced case management by Reentry Case Manager
Advocate, institutional case manager, and parole officer

• Addition of SVORI-specific police officer and parole officer
• Use of a boundary spanner to deal with systemic barriers
among entities

• Reach-in by community service providers

• Existence of regular feedback mechanism among agencies to
ensure that the collaboration is working

• Trained mentor from community assigned to participant

• Sharing of agency protocols regarding approach to provision

• Intensive supervision and monitoring by parole and
Community Accountability Panel

• Additional classes and gender-specific health programming
• Greater assistance with financial matters

• One parole officer for all offenders
• Greater access to services

SVORI Grantee: Kansas Juvenile Justice Authority
SVORI website
Data management system

JJA has three data warehouses in which SVORI participants can be flagged

Local evaluation planned

Wichita State University is conducting a local evaluation

Program name

90

None

National Portrait of SVORI

Going Home Initiative (GHI)

KS JJA

Going Home Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
201+

Inclusion criteria

Returning to one of five judicial districts; conditional release >6 months; and identified high
risk for reoffending (moderate-high risk/moderate-high needs) including substance abuse or
mental health problems, history of family disorganization, involvement with delinquent peers,
extensive criminal history

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations

Participation
Legal release status

Statewide juvenile correctional facilities
One of five judicial districts: 13th, 18th, 19th (south-central areas of Sedgwick, Cowley,
and Butler/Elk/Greenwood counties); and 10th and 29th (northeast areas of Johnson
and Wyandotte counties)
Voluntary
All participants under Conditional Release

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

No formal steering committee; focus groups with key players
KS JJA
3

management, faith-based services,
psycho-education groups in sex
Duration: 10 months (average)
education and parenting, recreation,
Assessments: Battery of assessments:
character education, self-care, social skills
specific JCF’s risk and needs, mental
training, mentoring, adolescent
health, and substance abuse assessments
development and behavior modification,
family counseling, and sex offender
Components/services offered within phase:
treatment
• Extensive testing/assessment for first
Coordination of services:
3–4 weeks
• Institutional staff coordinate services
• Program plan developed by institutional
social worker, community case manager,
other institution staff, and offender
Phase 2: Community Reintegration/
within first 30 days
Transition Phase
• Video-conferencing utilized, as needed
Duration: Approximately 1 year (30 days
• Case management by institutional social
pre-release until end of supervision period,
worker
which averages 10–12 months)
• Monthly reports on offender’s progress
Assessments: Youth needs assessments
sent to field personnel
Components/services offered within phase:
• Community Reentry Facilitator begins
• 30 days prior to release, release plan
identifying services in community that
developed at Family Group Conference
would meet offender's needs, and serves
by offender, family, Community Reentry
as liaison between facility and commuFacilitator, institutional case manager,
nity
Intensive Supervision Officer/community
• Specific targeted services include, as
case manager, Long-Term Support
needed, substance abuse treatment,
Specialist, and community stakeholders/
mental health treatment, medical and
supporters
dental services, vocational training,
• Video-conferencing utilized, as needed,
education, community living skills, anger
for Family Group Conference

Phase 1: Institutional Phase

• Victim involved in reentry planning
process, as appropriate
• Offender meets with Intensive
Supervision Officer/community case
manager within 48 hours of release
• Case management by Intensive
Supervision Officer (lead case manager)
and Community Reentry Facilitator, who
also provide community support
• Supervision and monitoring by Intensive
Supervision Officer, Community Reentry
Facilitator, community police officers,
school resource officers, and other
stakeholders
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health treatment, medical and
dental services, vocational training,
education, housing assistance, parenting
skills training, domestic violence services,
life skills training, anger management,
faith-based services, mentoring, and
family counseling
Coordination of services:
• Community Reentry Facilitator to
coordinate transition from pre-release to
post-release and to coordinate resources
post-release

National Portrait of SVORI

91

KS JJA

Phase 3: Long-Term Support Phase
Duration: 1 year
Assessments: No specific post-release assessments are used
Components/services offered within phase:

Going Home Initiative
• Long-Term Support Specialist monitors offender for new
arrests 6 months and 12 months after Conditional Release
period ends
Coordination of services:
• Long-Term Support Specialist to coordinate resources

• Participant no longer under supervision
• Long-Term Support Specialist seeks to improve opportunities
for offender to connect with community resources
CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Broader involvement of agencies

• Family Group Conference prior to offender’s release

• Greater mobilization of resources

• Additional release planning and community connections

• Community Reentry Facilitator to open channels of
communication and collaboration among agencies
• Family and community involvement in offender reentry

• Community Reentry Facilitator and Long-Term Support
Specialist provide enhanced case management and resource
coordination

• Integrated effort continues after supervision period

• More intensive supervision
• More resources identified for post-release

92

National Portrait of SVORI

KENTUCKY

SVORI Grantees in Kentucky
• Kentucky Department of
Juvenile Justice (KY DJJ)

Kentucky SVORI Target Areas

Kenton
Boone
Campbell
Jefferson

Juvenile

Adult

Kentucky has one SVORI grantee focused on male juveniles
returning to Jefferson, Kenton, Campbell, and Boone counties
(depicted in the map at left). The SVORI grant in Kentucky
builds on an existing effort called the Intensive Aftercare Program
(IAP), which provides supervision and monitoring post-release.
The IAP did not, however, provide the continuity of services that
youth and their families needed. SVORI program administrators
chose to focus SVORI funding on the two areas of the state that
are most heavily populated and have two of the three highest
juvenile populations in the IAP.

Both

SVORI Grantee: Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Juvenile Offender Management System

Local evaluation planned

SVORI activities will be documented through an existing evaluation of the Intensive
Aftercare Program

Program name

Kentucky Juvenile

KY DJJ

Kentucky Juvenile

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male juveniles
51–100 (annually)

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–18, those assessed as high risk upon admission, and those enrolled in the
Intensive Aftercare Program

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders, youthful offenders, the physically disabled, and the severely mentally ill

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Audubon Youth Development Center (Louisville)
Jefferson County and Northern Kentucky (Kenton, Campbell, and Boone counties)
Mandatory
Intensive Aftercare Supervision as all youth remain committed to KY DJJ until release
through court. All youth will be under aftercare supervision by designated case workers.

National Portrait of SVORI

93

KY DJJ

Kentucky Juvenile

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Managers of partnering agencies included
Reentry Court
2

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs

Phase 2: Community-Based Transition/
Long-Term Support

Duration: 7–9 months (entire length of stay in the facility)
Assessments: DJJ risk/needs assessment tool (weighting factors
such as age at commitment, prior violations, prior out-of-home
placements, history of truancy, incarceration of parents, parental
substance abuse problems)
Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management provided
• Family counseling received
• Comprehensive treatment planning meeting held within
21 days of placement
• Treatment plan developed
• Final reentry plan completed 45–60 days pre-release (revised
on a monthly basis until this point)
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services,
employment skills/vocational training, education, and life skills
training
Coordination of services:
• Treatment/Transition Team will include representatives from
the KY DJJ and representatives of each local service provider.
The team will meet monthly from entry into the facility until
release.

Duration: 10–12 months
Assessments: Assessment continues while youth is in placement
and post-assessments are completed prior to discharge
Components/services offered within phase:
• Community Phase Supervision Standards imposed, including
a minimum of 30 hours per week in programming, a weekly
schedule prepared for the case manager by the youth
documenting these 30 hours in addition to the rest of his
schedule, satisfactory participation in any required treatment
and/or competency development programming, and a required
curfew (relaxing as youth displays progress)
• Reentry Court meets once a week with youth and families as
required
• Step-down approach to community reentry (i.e., some youth
go to a group home or a day treatment/reporting center)
• Mandatory family participation
• Reentry Plan becomes Reentry Court “contract” and is
presented at Court upon release
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, employment skills/
vocational training, education, and life skills training
Coordination of services:
• Case manager compiles information on staffing sheets to
prepare for the Court session
• The Treatment/Transition Team will meet with the youth
weekly upon release (each team member is responsible for
specific information related to his or her area of responsibility),
and the frequency of meetings will relax gradually as
participants progress
• Reentry Court judge imposes graduated sanctions and rewards
on the participating youth

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Developed a Reentry Court

• Increased time spent under supervision of a treatment/
transition team

• Increased continuity of services

• Increased participation on the part of agencies, family,
and the community in each individual’s reentry process

94

National Portrait of SVORI

LOUISIANA

SVORI Grantees in Louisiana
• Louisiana Department of Public
Safety and Corrections Services
(LA DPSCS)

Louisiana has one SVORI grantee with two administratively separate programs
focusing on adults returning to four parishes (Orleans, Jefferson, St. Bernard,
and Plaquemines) and juveniles returning to four parishes (Lafayette, Orleans,
Caddo, and Calcasieu), depicted in the map below. The line chart below
provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Louisiana over a 24-year period.
Louisiana SVORI Target Areas

Louisiana Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Caddo

18000

Calcasieu

Orleans
St. Bernard

Lafayette
Jefferson

Juvenile

Plaquemines

Both

Adult

Number of Admissions/Releases

Shreveport

Admissions
Releases

16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
78

80

82

84

86

88

90
Year

92

94

96

98

00

02

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections Services
SVORI website

http://www.corrections.state.la.us/corrections%20organized%20for%20re-entry.htm

Data management system

Statewide probation and parole data management system will track participants’ status
and progress, Corrections and Justice Unified Network (CAJUN)

Local evaluation planned

No

Program names

Corrections Organized for Re-Entry (CORe)
Corrections Organized for Re-Entry Juvenile Program (CORe)

LA DPSCS: PROGRAM 1

Corrections Organized for Re-Entry (CORe)

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults and youthful offenders
101–150

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–34 who have been assessed as high risk for re-offense at admission

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders and the severely mentally ill

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Dixon (Jackson), Elayn Hunt (St. Gabriel), and Louisiana Correctional Institute for Women
(St. Gabriel)
Four parishes in Louisiana (Orleans, Jefferson, St. Bernard, and Plaquemines)
Voluntary
All SVORI participants are released under parole supervision

National Portrait of SVORI

95

LA DPSCS: PROGRAM 1

Corrections Organized for Re-Entry (CORe)

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Steering committee composed of prison staff, post-release staff, and the Project Director
State Statute/Louisiana Board of Parole
3

Phase 1: Getting Ready

Phase 2: Going Home

Phase 3: Staying Home

Duration: 6–9 months

Duration: 3 months

Duration: Up to 15 months

Assessments: Needs assessment, risk
assessment (LSI-R)

Assessments: Ongoing risk and needs
assessments

Assessments: Ongoing risk and needs
assessments

Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management provided

• ORP updated and revised

• Revision of Reentry Plan completed

• Job Skills Education Program provided

• Accountability plan developed

• Case management provided

• Project Metamorphosis (job placement
counseling in facility and community)
administered

• Case management provided

• Computer-based software training
provided

• Restorative Justice Project administered
• Youthful Offender Program (includes
anger management, parenting, substance
abuse treatment, and education)
provided
• Offender Reentry Plan (ORP) developed
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence counseling,
life skills training, anger management,
and faith-based services

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence counseling,
life skills training, anger management,
and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Transition Team

• Violent aggressor treatment administered
• Meeting conducted with parole officer
upon release
• Electronic monitoring provided
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence counseling,
life skills training, anger management,
and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Transition Team

Coordination of services:
• Transition Team includes case
management personnel, probation and
parole officers, job development
specialists, and the community resources
coordinator
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Hiring of a Community Resources Coordinator to assess
resources and solicit assistance from Federal, State, and local
agencies to enlist support for services to participants in the
community; they maintain a database of available resources,
and it will be readily available to all staff.

• Increased use of electronic monitoring

• Hiring of a Job Development Specialist, who serves as the
liaison between participants and the local Workforce
Investment Board and one-stop centers
• Increased communication across agencies and institutions
(where, in some cases, none previously existed)

96

National Portrait of SVORI

• Increased availability of long-term and specialized services
and case management

LA DPSCS: PROGRAM 2

CORe Juvenile Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
151–200

Inclusion criteria

Those who have been assessed as high risk for re-offense at admission

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders and the severely mentally ill

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Jetson (Baton Rouge), Bridge City (Bridge City), Swanson I and Swanson II (Monroe)
Four Parishes (Lafayette, Orleans, Caddo, and Calcasieu)
Voluntary
All participants are on parole

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee

Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Institutional social services staff, case workers, health care professional within the institution,
juvenile probation and parole staff, district-specific transition specialists and communitybased service providers in the specific district
Juvenile Court System
3

Phase 1: Getting Ready

Phase 2: Going Home

Phase 3: Staying Home

Duration: Variable
Assessments: Risk assessment conducted
Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management provided
• Transition specialists meet with family
and community members
• Transition specialists provide individual
and group counseling, links to services,
and life skills training
• Restorative Justice services provided
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
parenting skills training, domestic
violence counseling, life skills training,
anger management, and faith-based
services
Coordination of services:
• Transition Specialists (four hired) provide
intensive transitional oversight

Duration: Variable
Assessments: No specific instrument is
used; however, all juveniles incarcerated in
Louisiana institutions are considered very
high risk. Therefore, all that leave are still
considered high risk. Decisions to provide
additional services through the SVORI
transition specialists are made by careful
examination of the case records,
recommendation by institutional social
workers, willingness of participant and
participant’s family to receive extra
assistance, availability of appropriate
services in the home community, and
other individual factors. No particular
formula is used.
Components/services offered within phase:
• Transition Plan developed
• Restorative Justice services provided
• Case management provided
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence counseling,
life skills training, anger management,
and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Transition Specialists (four hired) will
provide intensive transitional oversight

Duration: Variable
Assessments: No particular instrument is
used to determine additional risk factors.
All juveniles served under Phase 2 are
served under Phase 3 unless they are
re-incarcerated, move away, or voluntarily
withdraw their participation.
Components/services offered within phase:
• Electronic monitoring provided in some
cases
• Transition plan implemented by
Transition Specialist in concert with
probation officer
• Computer-based software training
available
• Case management provided
• Violent aggressor treatment provided
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence counseling,
life skills training, anger management,
and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Transition Specialists (four hired) will
provide intensive transitional oversight
and will work with the probation officer

National Portrait of SVORI

97

LA DPSCS: PROGRAM 2

CORe Juvenile Program

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Hiring of four Transition Specialists (each will work with
about 55 participants per year)

• Increased availability of ongoing services; Transition
Specialist will continue to provide services after probation is
complete

• Increased communication across agencies and institutions
(where, in some cases, none previously existed)

98

National Portrait of SVORI

• Increased continuity of service provision; the Transition
Specialist will follow youth throughout pre- and post-release

MAINE

SVORI Grantees in Maine
• Maine Department of
Corrections (ME DOC)

Maine has one SVORI grantee focused on offenders returning to Androscoggin,
Knox, Penobscot, and Washington counties (depicted in the map below), with
administratively separate programs for adults and juveniles. The four counties to which participants return were
chosen for the following reasons: Penobscot—more urban county in a rural state; Washington—high poverty, very
rural and remote; Androscoggin—areas of high poverty, both urban and rural areas, had concerns about sex offenders
residing there after release from incarceration; Knox—wanted to participate and contains two work release centers and
a State prison. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Maine over a
24-year period.
Maine SVORI Target Areas

Maine Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Penobscot

Washington

Bangor

Androscoggin
Lewiston

Knox

Number of Admissions/Releases

1200
Admissions
Releases

1000
800
600
400
200
0
78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year

Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Maine Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

CORIS Management Information System

Local evaluation planned

Possibly some assistance from Muskie

Program names

Maine Reentry Network–Adult
Maine Reentry Network–Juvenile

ME DOC: PROGRAM 1

Maine Reentry Network–Adult

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults and youthful offenders
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 16–25, categorized as “High Risk” based on LSI/Y-LSI assessment

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Androscoggin, Knox, Penobscot, and Washington counties
Voluntary
Some are under post-release supervision
National Portrait of SVORI

99

ME DOC: PROGRAM 1

Maine Reentry Network–Adult

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Maine Reentry Network Steering Committee
ME DOC
2

Phase 1: Pre-release

Phase 2: Post-release

Duration: 6 months

Duration: 6 months

Assessments: LSI-R/Y-LSI assessments, strength-based 12 life
domain assessments

Assessments: LSI-R/Y-LSI assessments

Components/services offered within phase:
• Reentry team with institutional, other governmental (including
victim advocate), community supervision, family, and
community-based organization representatives with an
identified lead case manager
• Reentry specialist to assist with networking and brokering
services
• Video-conferencing so offenders can meet with communitybased organization staff before release, and community
mentors are matched with offenders as well
• Strong collaborative of all partners (governmental and
community-based organization) for planning and implementation of project
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, mental health
and substance abuse treatment, job training, family services
and family involvement (e.g., mentoring for children of adult
offenders), assistance with MaineCare (Medicaid) application
45 days prior to release, faith-based services, work release
programs, and educational assistance
Coordination of services:

Components/services offered within phase:
• Housing support (Rural Assistance Center vouchers)
• Intensive post-release case supervision, through the integrated
case management/reentry team
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence
treatment, life skills training, anger management, mentoring,
family reintegration, job placement, and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Reentry Team

• Reentry Team
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased collaboration among service agencies (both
governmental and community-based organizations)

• Intensive case management

• Community reach-in through the reentry team

• Meeting the probation officer (as part of the team) and
community providers before release to work on the reentry
plan
• Mentoring
• Housing support with voucher program
• Assistance in qualifying for Medicare/Medicaid

100

National Portrait of SVORI

ME DOC: PROGRAM 2

Maine Reentry Network–Juvenile

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
51–100

Inclusion criteria

Categorized as “High Risk” based on LSI-R/YO-LSI assessment

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Androscoggin, Knox, Penobscot, and Washington counties
Voluntary
About 40% of offenders are on probation

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

ME DOC/Reentry Network
ME DOC
2

Phase 1: Pre-release

Phase 2: Post-release

Duration: 6 months

Duration: 6 months

Assessments: LSI-R/Y-LSI assessments

Assessments: LSI-R/Y-LSI assessments

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Housing support (RAC vouchers)
• Intensive post-release case supervision, through the integrated
case management/reentry team
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence
treatment, life skills training, anger management, and faithbased services
Coordination of services:

• Housing support (RAC vouchers)
• Intensive post-release case supervision, through the integrated
case management/reentry team
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence
treatment, life skills training, anger management, job
placement, mentoring, family reunification, and faith-based
services
Coordination of services:

• Reentry Team

• Reentry Team
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased collaboration among service agencies (both
governmental and community-based organizations)

• Intensive case management

• Community reach-in through the reentry team

• Meeting the probation officer (as part of the team) and
community providers before release to work on the reentry
plan
• Mentoring
• Housing support with voucher program
• Assistance in qualifying for Medicare/Medicaid

National Portrait of SVORI

101

MARYLAND

SVORI Grantees in Maryland
• Maryland Department of Public
Safety and Correctional Services
(MD DPSCS)

Maryland has one SVORI grantee with two administratively separate programs:
one focused on adults returning to five zip codes in Baltimore (depicted in the
map below) and the other focused on juveniles returning either to a Baltimore
city residence or to the Baltimore City Public School system (also shown). The
adult program is using SVORI funding to expand an existing reentry program to include one additional zip code.
The juvenile program involves a new partnership between the Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) and Baltimore City
Public Schools intended to increase the number of released juveniles returning to school. The line chart below provides
BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Maryland over a 24-year period.
Maryland SVORI Target Areas

Maryland Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

12000

BALTIMORE

Baltimore
zip codes
21215
21216
21217
21218
21213

Juvenile

Adult

Admissions
Releases

10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

Both

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

The adult program has a mainframe database at Baltimore, the Metropolitan Transition
Center (MTC), and the SVORI flagging is done by hand. DJJ uses ASSIST, which is a data
management system capable of flagging SVORI participants.

Local evaluation planned

Researchers at the University of Maryland are conducting the adult program evaluation;
the juvenile program does not have a local evaluation planned

Program names

Reentry Partnership (REP)
Juvenile Reentry Program

MD DPSCS: PROGRAM 1

Reentry Partnership (REP)

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 24–35 and have been assessed as serious and violent at least 1 year prior to release

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders, those with detainers, and the severely mentally ill

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status
102

Male adults

National Portrait of SVORI

Men: MTC—Baltimore
Five zip codes in Baltimore: 21213, 21215, 21216, 21217, 21218
Voluntary
About 60% of participants will be on parole supervision

MD DPSCS: PROGRAM 1

Reentry Partnership (REP)

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

A reentry coalition or task force of agencies meets to set up guidelines for supervision
of offenders returning to the community
None
2

Phase 1: Pre-release

Phase 2: Post-release

Duration: 90 days

Duration: Variable

Assessments: Risk and needs assessments provided

Assessments: The case plan is created from the needs assessment

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Recruitment meetings or “exit interviews” occur each month at
MTC (involving the parole officer, the Community Case
Manager [CCM]), the Advocate, a police officer, MD DPSCS
staff, and service providers)

• Retrieval of men from MTC by caseworker is provided

• CCM, and Advocates assist prisoners in obtaining necessary
forms of identification
• Male REP participants receive three courses pre-release:
(1) Outreach (life skills training), (2) Strive (job readiness
training), and (3) a weekly relapse prevention meeting through
Patrick Allen House
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education, housing assistance, and
life skills training
Coordination of services:
• Enterprise Foundation sends caseworkers into MTC; Alternative Directions provides services to the 20 women in the
program

• Group and individual counseling is provided
• Intensive substance abuse treatment for women at Alternative
Directions is provided
• Case management and assistance in obtaining necessary forms
of ID provided
• Release plan is implemented
• Male participants are assigned a CCM and an Advocate
(usually an ex-offender) who has regular contact with them
and links them to services
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education, housing assistance, anger
management, parenting skills training, mentoring, support
group network, and life skills training
Coordination of services:
• Enterprise Foundation (men), Alternative Directions (women)

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Zip code added to the post-release geographic parameters
• Twenty women are being served post-release by Alternative
Directions

• Prisoner establishes a relationship with a caseworker
pre-release and receives ongoing services and linkages
to services from the caseworker post-release

• Increasing staff by adding a CCM and Advocate to East
Baltimore, adding an Advocate in Harlem Park, and adding a
CCM and Advocate in Garrison-Park Heights

• Participants are provided with financial assistance for
transportation assistance and to obtain necessary forms
of identification

National Portrait of SVORI

103

MD DPSCS: PROGRAM 2

Juvenile Reentry Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
201+

Inclusion criteria

All youth falling within the geographical parameters

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities

Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Participants come from Charles H. Hickey Junior School (Baltimore), Thomas J.S. Waxter
Children’s Center (girls; Laurel), Thomas O’Farrell (Marriottsville), Youth Centers (Western
Maryland), Baltimore City Juvenile Justice Center (Baltimore)
Those with a Baltimore City residence, and those returning to the Baltimore City Public
Schools
Mandatory
All are released on Intensive Aftercare Supervision through DJJ

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

No; workgroup
The Department of Juvenile Justice
2

Phase 1: Readiness

Phase 2: Post-release

Duration: Entire duration of incarceration (average 6 months),
5 hours/day

Duration: 2 years

Assessments: Participants receive a WRAT educational
assessment and a risk assessment

Components/services offered within phase:

Assessments: Unknown

Components/services offered within phase:

• Educational Specialist continues to work with youth for two
years post-release

• Educational Specialist continues to work with youth for 2 years
post-release

• Case management provided by an aftercare case manager

• Case management provided by an aftercare case manager

• Mentoring provided

• Mentoring provided

• Local Management Boards work with the aftercare transition
team to ensure that youth are linked to proper services

• Local Management Boards work with the aftercare transition
team to ensure that youth are linked to proper services

• Ongoing treatment plan developed

• Ongoing treatment plan developed
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence
counseling, life skills training, anger management, and faithbased services
Coordination of services:
• Transition teams consisting of a CCM, parents, student, a
parent liaison, and an educational transition specialist
• Those in Intensive Aftercare Supervision will also have an
Intensive Aftercare supervisor

104

National Portrait of SVORI

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence
counseling, life skills training, anger management, and faithbased services
Coordination of services:
• Educational Specialist, DJJ case manager, and the rest of the
aftercare transition team provide supervision and link youth to
services

MD DPSCS: PROGRAM 2

Juvenile Reentry Program

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Educational Specialists hired to work with youth throughout
incarceration and 2 years post-release

• More education-focused services received for a longer period
of time

• Credit-recovery program implemented in which 139
computers and 30 printers purchased for incarcerated youth

• Educational experience enhanced through stronger supports
in the school system

• Collaboration and partnership between DJJ and the
Baltimore City Public Schools

National Portrait of SVORI

105

MASSACHUSETTS

SVORI Grantees in Massachusetts
• Massachusetts Department of
Correction (MA DOC)
• Massachusetts Department of
Youth Services (MA DYS)

Massachusetts has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults returning to the
cities of Boston, Fall River, Lowell, Springfield, and Worcester; and the other
focused on juveniles returning to the Boston metropolitan area (depicted in the
map below). The adult grantee targeted these five communities because nearly
half their prisoners return to those communities. The juvenile grantee used its
SVORI funding to augment existing reentry programming by addressing problems with communication, preparation,
service delivery, and ineffective outcome measurement. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison
admission and release trends in Massachusetts over a 24-year period.
Massachusetts SVORI Target Areas

Massachusetts Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Lowell
Boston
Worcester
Springfield
Fall River

Number of Admissions/Releases

6000
Admissions
Releases

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

Juvenile

Adult

78

Both

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Massachusetts Department of Correction
SVORI website

None

Data management system

The Inmate Management System flags SVORI participants

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Massachusetts Adult

MA DOC

Massachusetts Adult

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Those serving at least a 1-year sentence, who have a driver’s license, and who have been
assessed as high/moderate risk upon admission

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

106

Male and female adults

National Portrait of SVORI

All State prisons
Boston, Fall River, Lowell, Springfield, and Worcester
Mandatory
Parole supervision for some; others are not on any formal supervision

MA DOC

Massachusetts Adult

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee
MA DOC for those released on parole
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based
Long-Term Support

Duration: 1–3 months

Duration: 3 months

Duration: 10–12 months

Assessments: Risk and needs assessment
(LSI-R) upon incarceration

Assessments: Career Center Counselors
do assessments in the One-Stop Career
Components/services offered within phase: Centers just after release. Job aptitude and
employment-related skills are assessed.
• Case management provided
Components/services offered within phase:
• Risk-reduction plan developed
• Regular meeting with parole officer
• Compliance with risk-reduction plan
scheduled with adherence to reentry plan
monitored by case manager
monitored (for those on parole)
• Transition plan developed through a
• Graduated sanctions imposed on those
Transition Workshop
who are noncompliant (for those on
parole)
• Monthly meetings held to monitor the
transition plans of returning offenders
• Those not released on formal supervision
are made aware of community expecta• HIV/AIDS education programs offered
tions and are linked to community-based
• Sex offender treatment offered
organizations—CCCs and CRCs—to
• Transition team formed
access needed services
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
parenting skills training, domestic
violence prevention and intervention,
and anger management

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, anger management, and life
skills training

Coordination of services:

Coordination of services:

• Reentry case manager

• Reentry case manager, and parole officer
(if applicable)

Assessments: No other formal assessments
are completed at this time.
Components/services offered within phase:
• Participants are linked to communitybased organizations—CCCs and CRCs—
to access needed services
• Those on intensive supervision are
moved to (less strict) regular caseload
supervision
• Transition team composition is changed
to reflect the community-based networks
that the participant has formed
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, anger management, and life
skills training
Coordination of services:
• Community case manager

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Working relationships have been formalized among MA
DOC, the Department of Labor, and the Workforce
Investment Boards

• Relationship with reentry case manager pre-release
established and continued through ongoing services and
linkages to services post-release

• Post-release needs of participants have been better identified

• Intensive case management and individualized plan
development increased

National Portrait of SVORI

107

SVORI Grantee: Massachusetts Department of Youth Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

MAJJIC system electronically tracks clients

Local evaluation planned

Yes

Program name

Going Home—Massachusetts Juvenile Program

MA DYS

Going Home—Massachusetts Juvenile Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles and youthful offenders
151–200

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–21 who have been assessed as high risk upon incarceration and those convicted
of an offense in Grid Level 4 or higher in addition to firearm and violent offenses in
Grid Level 3

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All facilities in the Metro-Boston area; however, most will come from the Metropolitan
Treatment Center
Metro-Boston area—Dorchester, Roxbury, Mattapan, and the South End
Mandatory until 18th or 21st birthday, depending on the offense
Participants are under DYS supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Steering committee
MA DYS
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs

• Family counseling

Duration: 1–3 months

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical and
dental services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
anger management, sex offender
counseling, and life skills training

Assessments: YLSI (risk assessment tool),
Clinical assessment battery, MAYSI-2,
SASSI, a Neuropsychological Screening
Inventory, and the Mississippi PostTraumatic Stress Disorder assessment tool
Components/services offered within phase:

• Relapse prevention plan developed

Coordination of services:
• Case management provided by residential
• Transition team
caseworkers
• Treatment plan developed
• Monthly treatment meetings held
• Reentry plan developed and reviewed
30 to 60 days pre-release at a discharge
meeting

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition
Duration: Variable
Assessments: Unknown

case management and the coordination
of services
• Family members receive referrals to
needed services
• Mandatory family participation and
family counseling provided
• Electronic monitoring provided
• Reentry Plan becomes Reentry Court
“contract” and is presented at court upon
release
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, anger management, faith-based
services, and life skills training

Components/services offered within phase: Coordination of services:
• Transition team formed including
residential caseworker, community
• Community caseworker ensures that
• Reentry case manager through MA DYS
caseworker, residential clinical staff, reentry
reentry plan is implemented upon release
case manager, and the client’s family
• Reentry case manager provides intensive
108

National Portrait of SVORI

MA DYS

Going Home—Massachusetts Juvenile Program

Phase 3: Community-Based
Long-Term Support

• Family members receive referrals to
needed services

Duration: 10–12 months

• Mandatory family participation and
family counseling provided

Assessments: Unknown
Components/services offered within phase:
• Community caseworker continually
revises reentry plan
• Reentry case manager provides intensive
case management and coordinated
services

• Electronic monitoring provided
• Compliance is monitored by DYS, and
graduated sanctions are administered for
violations
• A Grant of Conditional Liberty
Agreement is completed by the
community caseworker and signed by the
youth

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, anger management, faith-based
services, and life skills training
Coordination of services:
• Reentry case manager through MA DYS

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• New staff hired—community caseworker, reentry case
manager

• Increased use of electronic monitoring

• Concentrated effort on serious offenders so that it is much
harder for those kids to “slip through the cracks”

• Increased use of intensive case management and
individualized plan development

National Portrait of SVORI

109

MICHIGAN
Michigan has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults returning to Wayne
County and one focused on juveniles returning to Berrien, Jackson, Muskegon,
and Wayne counties (depicted in the map below), each of which operates an
administratively distinct reentry program. The line chart below provides BJS
statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Michigan over a 24-year
period.
Michigan SVORI Target Areas

SVORI Grantees in Michigan
• Michigan Department of
Corrections (MDOC)
• Michigan Family Independence
Agency (MI FIA)

Michigan Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002
Number of Admissions/Releases

16000

Muskegon

14000
12000

Admissions
Releases

10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

Berrien

Jackson

Detroit

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02

Wayne

Year
Juvenile

Both

Adult

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Michigan Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

MDOC has an MIS that identifies SVORI participants

Local evaluation planned

None

Program name

Michigan Reentry Initiative—Walk With Me (MRI–WWM)

MDOC

Michigan Reentry Initiative–Walk With Me

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Violent offenders, including drug offenders and high risk offenders

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Selected State prisons
Wayne County
Voluntary
All offenders released to Phase 2 are on parole status

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases
110

National Portrait of SVORI

Yes
MDOC
3

MDOC

Michigan Reentry Initiative–Walk With Me

Phase 1: Going Home (Protect and
Prepare–Institutionally
Based Programs)

Phase 2: Welcome Home (Control
and Restore–CommunityBased Transition)

Duration: 1–3 months

Duration: 12–24 months

Assessments: COMPAS

Assessments: Reassessment using risk and
needs assessment

Components/services offered within phase:

Phase 3: Staying Home
(Responsibility and
Productivity–CommunityBased Long-Term Support)
Duration: 24–36 months
Assessments: None

Components/services offered within phase: Components/services offered within phase:
• Reentry Initiative participant will be
• Transitional housing service continues
referred to appropriate services available
• The Department of Veterans Affairs refers
through Wings of Faith, whose staff
• Assistance with family reunification
veterans to the local Michigan Career
begin working with offenders 4 months
and acquisition of valid identification
Development Center, where participants
prior to release and provide post-release
documents (e.g., State ID, social security
receive services related to employment,
services at a one-stop center (the
card)
housing, and training, and can get
Samaritan Center)
referrals for substance abuse and mental
• Specific targeted services include, as
• Partnering with Community Treatment
health counseling
needed, substance abuse treatment,
Centers, Inc., to provide a transitional
mental health counseling, medical
• Specific targeted services include, as
housing service for offenders needing
services, dental services, employment
needed, relapse prevention, mentoring,
combined housing and substance abuse
skills/vocational skills, education, housing
counseling, medical services, dental
services
assistance (including supervised housing
services, employment skills/vocational
• Designating a site for participants to
options), parenting skills training,
training, education, housing assistance,
receive needed services such as Technical
domestic violence prevention and
parenting skills training, domestic
Assistance for Needy Families, food
intervention, life skills training, anger
violence prevention and intervention, life
stamps, Medicaid insurance, transportamanagement, faith-based services,
skills training, anger management, and
tion services, family preservation and
cognitive restructuring curriculum,
faith-based services
reunification services, medical care for
and mentoring
Coordination of services:
low-income and special populations, and
Coordination of services:
• Wings of Faith
parenting skills training
• MDOC Management Team
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment, food
and clothing, legal aid, crisis intervention,
counseling, job skills/employment,
education, restorative justice, supervised
housing, and mentoring

• BRIDGES Program—a curriculum for
participants who have multiple barriers
to acquiring and sustaining employment

Coordination of services:
• Wings of Faith
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Use of transition teams in the facility and community to
work with specific offenders prior to release

• Inclusion of offender and family members in reentry
planning prior to release

• Inclusion of pre-release curriculum and cognitive restructuring • Use of a boundary spanner—staff person who creates
partnerships with community service providers, which
• Inclusion of one-stop center for participants to acquire
facilitate services for offenders and open communications
services in post-release phase
among agencies
• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
the collaboration is working
• Shared agency protocols regarding approach to service provision
• Joint mission statements with other agencies around reentry

National Portrait of SVORI

111

SVORI Grantee: Michigan Family Independence Agency
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Various youth MIS across the four juvenile programs

Local evaluation planned

Various evaluations planned across the four juvenile programs

Program names

Jackson County Going Home Grant
Wayne County Going Home Grant
Berrien County Going Home Grant
Muskegon County Going Home Grant

MI FIA: PROGRAM 1

Jackson County Going Home

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
Fewer than 50

Inclusion criteria

Sex offenders and other violent offenders; Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 offenses; scoring at a
certain level on the risk assessment

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Selected State facilities: Jackson County Treatment Program, also in Family Independence
Agency's medium security residential settings
Jackson County
Voluntary
All participants are under aftercare

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Advisory Council
Judicial Branch
3

Phase 1: Pre-release
Duration: 4–6 months

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support

Assessments: Risk/needs assessment

Duration: 6–18 months

Duration: Up to 6 months

Components/services offered within phase:

Assessments: Risk/needs assessment

Assessments: Risk/needs assessment

• Case management and family support

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• “Circle of Support” model

• Transition Team including family member

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, and mentoring

Coordination of services:

Coordination of services:

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills, vocational training, education,
housing assistance, faith-based services,
and mentoring

• Transition Team

• Aftercare Caseworker

• Anger management, life skills, and lasting
family connections

• Gradual release of institutional services,
while increasing community services
• Sex offender training, as needed
Coordination of services:
• Aftercare Caseworker

112

National Portrait of SVORI

MI FIA: PROGRAM 1

Jackson County Going Home

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Emphasis on reintegration planning

• Inclusion of offender, family members, and victim in the
reentry planning

• Use of Transition Teams in the facility and community to
work with specific offenders prior to release
• Allowing community service providers to come to the
institution to meet with offenders

• More efficient coordination of services
• Use of a community accountability panel (consisting of
members of the community) that meets with offenders once
they are released as part of the supervision process

• Use of integrated case management where representatives
from multiple community service providers and/or
• Use of a boundary spanner—staff person who creates
corrections/supervision agencies meet to discuss and work on partnerships with community service providers, which
particular cases
facilitate services for offenders and open communications
among agencies
• Joint mission statements with other agencies around reentry
• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
the collaboration is working
• Shared agency protocols regarding approach to service
provision

MI FIA: PROGRAM 2

Wayne County Going Home

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
51–100

Inclusion criteria

Sex offenders and other violent offenders; under court jurisdiction for at least 12 months;
reside with family; court order must mandate participation, allow for electronic monitoring;
progressive sanctions

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Selected State facilities: specific residential placement
Wayne County
Mandatory
All participants are under supervision of temporary court wards

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Central Care Management Organization Advisory Board and Board of Directors
Judicial branch
3

National Portrait of SVORI

113

MI FIA: PROGRAM 2

Wayne County Going Home

Phase 1: Going Home

Phase 2: Welcome Home

Phase 3: Staying Home

Duration: 4–6 months

Duration: 12 months

Duration: Until the offender turns 21

Assessments: Juvenile
Classification/Assessment, risk/needs
assessment

Assessments: Risk/needs assessment

Assessments: Risk/needs assessment

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Meet with I-Team weekly for the first
2 months, then once a month

• Goal development and infrastructure
creation

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
services, dental services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, peer counseling, and
faith-based mentoring

• Independence established through having
a safe haven in a religious institution

Components/services offered within phase:
• Meet with I-Team weekly for the first
2 months, then once a month
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
services, dental services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, peer counseling, and
faith-based mentoring
Coordination of services:

Coordination of services:
• Community Care Management
Organization

• Transition Team

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
services, dental services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, peer counseling, and
faith-based mentoring
Coordination of services:
• Member of the reentry team

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Involvement of people from the community and faith-based
organizations 6 months prior to release

• Inclusion of mentoring services, with large faith-based team
approach

• Use of a community accountability panel (consisting of
• Use of integrated case management where representatives
members of the community) that meets with offenders once
from multiple community service providers and/or
corrections/supervision agencies meet to discuss and work on they are released as part of the supervision process
particular cases
• Use of a boundary spanner—staff person who creates
• Use of a required core curriculum that all offenders who are
partnerships with community service providers, which
facilitate services for offenders and open communications
released receive prior to release
among agencies
• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
the collaboration is working
• Shared agency protocols regarding approach to service
provision

114

National Portrait of SVORI

MI FIA: PROGRAM 3

Berrien County Going Home

TARGET POPULATION
Population type

Male juveniles

Number of targeted prisoners

Fewer than 50

Inclusion criteria

Sex offenders and other violent offenders; assault with intent to murder, attempted murder,
murder, criminal sex contact, armed robbery, arson of dwelling, breaking and entering to
commit felony, or under supervision of family court and placed on probation

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Selected State prisons: delinquent youth in residential placement in Berrien County
Berrien County
Mandatory
All participants are under probation

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Berrien County Commissioners and Berrien County Trial Court
Judicial branch
3

Phase 1: Pre-release
Duration: 7–9 months

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition Phase

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support

Assessments: YASI

Duration: 3 months

Duration: 3–6 months

Components/services offered within phase:

Assessments: YASI

Assessments: YASI

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education, and
faith-based component

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education, and
faith-based component

• Place in aftercare, work with family,
closely monitor and supervise, and
establish contact with services

• Enhancement of family treatment during
incarceration
• Family Services Coordinator and
Treatment Group Leaders enhance level
of reintegration services from admission
to release
Coordination of services:
• Family Services Coordinator

Coordination of services:
• Reintegration Probation Officer

• Family Services Coordinator and
Treatment Group Leaders enhance level
of reintegration services from admission
to release
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education, and
faith-based component
Coordination of services:
• Family Services Coordinator

National Portrait of SVORI

115

MI FIA: PROGRAM 3

Berrien County Going Home

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Move toward cognitive behavioral treatment including peer
group, process, and cognitive components

• Including offender and family members in reentry planning
prior to release

• Reintegration Family Service Coordinator begins working on
integration as soon as youth are committed

• Using a community accountability panel consisting of
members of the community that meets with the offenders
once they are released as part of the supervision process

• Using transition teams in the facility and community

• Using a boundary spanner—staff person who creates
partnerships with community service providers, which
facilitates services for offender and opens communications
between agencies

MI FIA: PROGRAM 4

Muskegon County Going Home

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
Fewer than 50

Inclusion criteria

Score on risk/needs assessment instrument and ordered by court at time of
sentence/placement

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Selected State prisons in residential placement in Muskegon County
Muskegon County
Mandatory
All participants are under aftercare

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

116

National Portrait of SVORI

Program-level steering committee
Judicial branch
3

MI FIA: PROGRAM 4

Phase I: Pre-release

Muskegon County Going Home

Duration: 1–6 months

Phase II: Community-Based
Transition

Phase III: Community-Based
Long-Term Support

Assessments: Court-based assessment

Duration: 3 months

Duration: 6 months

Components/services offered within phase:

Assessments: Court-based assessment

Assessments: Court-based assessment

• Family court counseling: review
requirements of program, provide
counseling to parents in order to raise
awareness

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Intensive Aftercare Probation

• Intensive Aftercare Probation

• 90 days pre-release, community
restoration board (community members)
present reentry plan to committee

Coordination of services:

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, faith-based mentoring and
outdoor focus through team outdoor
adventures; job training and placement
from Goodwill; success skills,
development, and life skills via the
Health Department; substance abuse and
parent mentors provided by Catholic
Social Services; and family support from
Child and Family Services

• Supervising Officer

Coordination of services:
• Specialized Case Manager and
Transitional Team

Coordination of services:
• Court Family Counselor
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Using transition teams in the facility and community to work
with specific offenders prior to release

• Using a community accountability panel (consisting of
members of the community) that meets with the offenders
once they are released as part of the supervision process

• Using Community Restoration Boards to approve/disapprove
of the reentry plan 90 days prior to release

• Using a boundary spanner—staff person who creates
partnerships with community service providers, which
facilitate services for offenders and open communications
among agencies
• Identifying specific case managers from a community-based
organization who broker services from appropriate agencies
for offenders once they are released

National Portrait of SVORI

117

MINNESOTA

SVORI Grantees in Minnesota
• Minnesota Department of
Corrections (MN DOC)

Minnesota has one SVORI grantee focused on adults and juveniles returning to
Hennepin County (depicted in the map below). The grantee chose to target
Hennepin County because the majority of offenders return there. The line chart
below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Minnesota over a 24-year period.
Minnesota SVORI Target Areas

Minnesota Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Minneapolis

Hennepin

Number of Admissions/Releases

6000
Admissions
Releases

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year
Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Minnesota Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Using a SVORI-specific MIS called TEAMS

Local evaluation planned

The Research and Evaluation Unit of the Minnesota Department of Corrections is conducting
a local evaluation

Program name

Minnesota Serious and Violent Youthful Offender Reentry Project

MN DOC

Minnesota Serious and Violent Youthful Offender Reentry Project

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 16–34, release date prior to June 2004; multiple challenges (chemical dependency,
serious mental illness, developmental and learning disabilities); and high risk of re-offending
(high scores on LSI-R and YLSI)

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

118

Male and female adults and juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

All State prisons except one low-level juvenile facility and one boot camp
Hennepin County
Voluntary
Minnesota does not have discretionary parole. Fourteen percent of offenders are discharged
from prison at expiration with no community supervision.

MN DOC

Minnesota Serious and Violent Youthful Offender Reentry Project

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority

Number of phases

3 committees
MN DOC and Community (Hennepin County Community Corrections [i.e., the parole
officer] requests that sanctions be given, but the MN DOC Hearings and Release Division is
the agency that imposes them)
3

Phase 1: Reentry Preparation
Duration: 45 days
Assessments: LSI-R and YLSI
Components/services offered within phase:
• 90-day plan over course of Phases 1
and 2, includes reentry curriculum,
community visit/screen, and release plan
• Institutional treatment priority
• Release plan that includes input from the
participant, family members, and victim,
as well as a transition team that includes
staff from within the institution and
community agencies
• Nontraditional case management
through Community Reentry
Coordinators (CRCs) rather than
probation officers
• Team approach with use of community
support groups/community reintegration
teams, and coordination with law
enforcement

Phase 2: Community-Based
Services and Case
Management
Duration: 45 days
Assessments: CRCs perform an assessment
of offenders’ interest in receiving faithbased services while still incarcerated; if
offenders want faith-based services, then
staff from Faith-Based Call go into the
prisons and a full assessment is completed
Components/services offered within phase:
• 72-hour intensive service
• Case management continues with
reentry-specific goals, such as provision
of local services
• Other services initiated in Phase 1 are
continued as part of the 90-day plan
Coordination of services:
• Institutional case managers

Phase 3: Informal Social Control
Duration: Up to 1 year
Assessments: Informal self-assessment to
determine needed services
Components/services offered within phase:
• Transition team that includes staff from
within the institution and community
agencies
• Ongoing case management through
CRCs who monitor service use and meet
with offenders once or twice a week,
varying over time
• Supervision of participants (only 3% are
not under supervision)
• Continuation of previous phases’
services, as needed
Coordination of services:
• Institutional reentry coordinator, the
CRC, and staff from Faith-Based Call

• Transfer to pre-release facility (most
participants) 90 days prior to release,
orientation, and treatment plan
development
• Specific reentry services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
services, dental services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, life skills training,
faith-based services, restorative justice,
use of flex fund/service linkages,
electronic alert system, preferred
provider service network, and circles of
support
Coordination of services:
• Institutional case managers

National Portrait of SVORI

119

MN DOC

Minnesota Serious and Violent Youthful Offender Reentry Project

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Realization of the importance of the faith community

• More community involvement and priority for services
during pre-release phase

• Allowing community organizations into prisons
• State agency focus on sustainability
• Joint mission statements with other agencies around reentry
• Mechanism for regular feedback among agencies
• Shared agency protocols regarding how service provision is
approached

120

National Portrait of SVORI

• Intensive case management from the CRCs during
post-release phase
• Through their CRCs, offenders have access to flex funds
(for immediate needs) and ongoing services during the
post-release phase consistent with each offender’s reentry
plan

MISSISSIPPI

SVORI Grantees in Mississippi
• Mississippi Department of
Corrections (MS DOC)

Mississippi has one grantee with two administratively separate programs; one
targets male adults returning to Hinds County and the other targets male
juveniles returning to Hinds, Rankin, Madison, and Warren counties (depicted
in the map below). The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in
Mississippi over a 24-year period.
Mississippi SVORI Target Areas

Mississippi Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

8000

Madison
Warren

Hinds

Rankin

Admissions
Releases

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Mississippi Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Using the MS DOC’s Offendertrak Program to track the progress of Reentry Program
participants.

Local evaluation planned

No

Program names

Mississippi Reentry—Mississippi “Going Home” Reentry Program
Mississippi Reentry Juvenile

MS DOC: PROGRAM 1

Mississippi “Going Home” Reentry Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Drug offenders, sex offenders, and other violent offenders; eligible for parole within
12 months; convicted of a “serious” and/or “violent” offense (homicide, robbery, sex offenses,
offenses involving a deadly weapon, gang affiliation, sentenced as a habitual offender,
convicted for sale of a controlled substance); minimum of 1 year post-release supervision

Exclusion criteria

No detainers and no serious Rule Violation Report (RVR) within 6 months prior to request
for participation

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

One prison facility: MS State Penitentiary (Parchman, MS)
Hinds County
Voluntary and mandatory
All participants are under a type of supervised release—parole, probation, or earned release
National Portrait of SVORI

121

MS DOC: PROGRAM 1

Mississippi “Going Home” Reentry Program

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Mississippi Collaboration Interagency Reentry Team
Department of Corrections and Parole Board, Circuit Courts, and Youth Court Judges
2

Phase 1: Institutionally Based Program

Phase 2: Community-Based Transition

Duration: 4–6 months

Duration: 13–24 months

Assessments: LSI-R; joint intake and assessment procedure
comprising interagency staffing groups

Assessments: LSI-R; joint intake and assessment procedure
comprising interagency staffing groups

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Restorative Justice Approach—offers offenders a means to give
back to the community

• Will assist the participants in finding establishments that
provide housing at a reduced fee

• Involve offenders in the Second Chance Pet Project—rescues
and trains homeless and neglected animals to become
companions and service animals for disabled and handicapped
children and adults

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
parenting skills training, domestic violence prevention and
intervention, life skills training, anger management, and
faith-based services

• Involve offenders in Habitat for Humanity—a nonprofit,
ecumenical housing ministry that seeks to eliminate poverty
housing and homelessness worldwide. Offenders will have the
opportunity to acquire skills that will be beneficial to securing
employment, in addition to giving back to the community.

Coordination of services:
• Case manager and integrated case management teams

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence,
life skills training, anger management, and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Case manager and integrated case management teams
CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Integrated case management including representatives from
multiple community service providers and/or corrections/
supervision agencies who meet to discuss and work on
particular cases

• Using transition teams in the facility and community to work
with specific offenders

• Joint mission statements with other agencies around reentry
• Reentry coalition or task force of agencies meets to set
guidelines for supervision of offenders returning to the
community
• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
the collaboration is working
• Shared agency protocols regarding approach to service
provision
• Boundary spanner—staff person who creates partnerships
with community service providers facilitating services for
offenders and opening communication among agencies

122

National Portrait of SVORI

• Community accountability panel (consisting of members of
the community) that meets with the offenders post-release as
part of the supervision process

MS DOC: PROGRAM 2

Mississippi Reentry Juvenile

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male juveniles
51–100

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–17; committing crimes against persons, assaults, sex crimes, drive-by shootings,
auto theft, drug offenses, repeat offenders, and placement problems; performing academically
at a minimum of a sixth-grade level; physically fit/able to work; and diagnosis of conduct
disorder such as oppositional defiant disorder, substance abuse/dependence, and alcohol
abuse/dependence

Exclusion criteria

Physically handicapped and having an IQ below 70

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Mississippi Youth Correctional Complex (MYCC): Oakley Training School,
Units 1 and 2 and Ironwood
Hinds, Rankin, Madison, and Warren counties
Mandatory
All participants will be under parole supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority

Number of phases

The transition team at the MYCC
The Mississippi Department of Human Services/Division of Youth Services/Youth Re-entry
Program has primary responsibility for imposing sanctions or rewards for post-release
behavior
3

Phase 1: Institutional Phase
Duration: 7–9 months
Assessments: Mississippi Delinquency Risk
Assessment Scale, TABE, Aptitude Test,
Drug Test; TRACC Model will assess,
monitor, and evaluate Phase 1
Components/services offered within phase:
• The Youth Reentry Specialist who works
with youth for 3 years (all three phases)
continues as case manager

housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, life skills training,
anger management, faith-based services,
tutoring, and cognitive skills
development
Coordination of services:
• Utilizing a Transition Team—Youth
Reentry Specialist, Graduate Assistant
from Jackson State University, and
Multisystematic Training (contractual
service)

• Youth reside either in a residential facility
or at home. Residential facilities will offer • MYCC team, which consists of a
24/7 security and will provide meals.
psychologist, a nurse, a counselor, an
educational coordinator, a vocational
• Supervision includes random drug
coordinator, a recreational coordinator,
testing and electronic monitoring
the Branch Director, the Project Officer,
• The MYCC will develop an Individualthe Judge, the parent/legal guardian, and
ized Treatment Plan (ITP) for each of the
the TLC Director
reentry program participants and ensure
that goals and objectives of the ITP are
Phase 2: Community Phase
met
Duration: 10–12 months
• Specific targeted services include, as
Assessments: Mississippi Delinquency Risk
needed, substance abuse treatment,
Assessment Scale; TABE; Aptitude Test;
mental health counseling, medical
Drug Test; Treatment, Research, and
services, dental services, employment
Result-Based Accountability for Compeskills/vocational training, education,
tency-Based Community Corrections

(TRACC) Model. The TRACC Model will
assess electronic monitoring and evaluate
Phase 1 results.
Components/services offered within phase:
• The Youth Reentry Specialist continues as
case manager
• Youth reside either in a residential facility
or at home
• Supervision includes random drug
testing and electronic monitoring
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
services, dental services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, life skills training,
anger management, faith-based services,
tutoring, and cognitive skills
development
Coordination of services:
• One-stop center that will provide all the
community services
• Youth Reentry Specialist brokers services
National Portrait of SVORI

123

MS DOC: PROGRAM 2

Phase 3: Long-Term Phase
Duration: Unlimited
Assessments: No specific assessments used
in this phase
Components/services offered within phase:
• Multisystematic Training which will
provide a 15- chapter self-improvement
and life skills training program.
Eight critical areas will be addressed:
(1) motivation, (2) goal setting,
(3) problem solving and decision
making, (4) emotional control,
(5) family relationships, (6) financial
stability, (7) effective communication,
and (8) employment search and
retention.
• Youth will discontinue using electronic
monitoring device, and home-based
services will begin

Mississippi Reentry Juvenile
• Intensive work with the family and
parents to accomplish reunification;
provide mentoring, training, and
support; and encourage active
involvement
• Community involvement—vendors from
the community and persons involved
with faith-based organizations should
participate on the advisory board
• Youth serve in the community as
volunteers
• Aftercare services—Multisystematic
Training will provide aftercare services
• The community and faith-based
organization, along with mentoring, will
play a vital part in the monitoring and
aftercare with long-term goals of the
program

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
services, dental services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, life skills training,
anger management, faith-based services,
mentoring, military recruitment, and
in-home economics
Coordination of services:
• Multisystematic Training and Youth
Reentry Specialist will provide aftercare
services and encourage parental
involvement

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Transition team that includes staff from within the
institution and community agencies (e.g., community
service providers, corrections officers, supervision agencies),
who will be working with offenders post-release

• Needs assessment conducted or updated prior to release for
developing a reentry plan

• Integrated case management where representatives from
multiple community service providers and/or corrections/
supervision agencies meet to discuss and work on particular
cases

• Inclusion of victim during reentry planning prior to release

• Inclusion of family members in reentry planning prior to
release
• Use of video-conferencing while offenders are in prison so
that they can meet with community service providers and
family members

• Community service providers come to the institution to meet
• Identification of a specific case manager from a communitywith offenders
based organization who brokers services from appropriate
• Required core curriculum that all offenders receive prior to
agencies for offenders once they are released
release
• Use of a community accountability panel (consisting of
members of the community) that meets with the offenders
once they are released as part of the supervision process
• Creation of a boundary spanner—staff person who creates
partnerships with community service providers, facilitating
services for offender and open the communications among
agencies

124

National Portrait of SVORI

MISSOURI

SVORI Grantees in Missouri
• Missouri Department of
Corrections (MO DOC)
• Missouri Department of Social
Services (MO DSS)

Missouri has two SVORI grantees: one focused on juveniles returning
statewide and one focused on adults returning to the City of St. Louis,
Kansas City, and St. Louis County (depicted in the map below). The line
chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release
trends in Missouri over a 24-year period.
Missouri SVORI Target Areas

Missouri Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Kansas City

St. Louis

St. Louis
County

Number of Admissions/Releases

18000
16000

Admissions
Releases

14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year
Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Missouri Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Using OPI II—a Management Information System

Local evaluation planned

MO DOC is conducting a local evaluation

Program name

Project Connect

MO DOC

Project Connect

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 17–35, drug and property offenses, criminal history, low vocational skills,
and low educational skills

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders and severely mentally ill offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
City of St. Louis, Kansas City, St. Louis County
Mandatory
All participants are under parole supervision

National Portrait of SVORI

125

MO DOC

Project Connect

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee
MO DOC
2

Phase 1: Institutional Phase

Phase 2: Community Phase

Duration: 10–12 months

Duration: 10–12 months

Assessments: Client Analysis Scale-Risk and Need, Initial
Classification and Testing Process, Salient Factor Scale,
Prehearing Report or Community Placement Assessment
Report, WRAT, Career Occupational Preference Survey, Career
Oriented Placement and Evaluation, CAPS, Wechsler Adult
Intelligence Scale, TCUDS, and Missouri DOC SACA

Assessments: Need Score, Risk, Department of Corrections
SACA, and TCUD

Components/services offered within phase:
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, dental
services, employment skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence
prevention and intervention, life skills training, and anger
management
Coordination of services:
• Reentry Specialist

Components/services offered within phase:
• In Kansas City, an Executive Board coordinates panels for
offenders. In St. Louis, the Coordinating Council creates community support networks for the female offenders coming out.
Both the Executive Board and the Coordinating Council are
composed of community resources and members.
• Assign a mentor to participants
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, employment skills/vocational training, education, housing assistance,
parenting skills training, domestic violence prevention and
intervention, life skills training, anger management, and faithbased services
Coordination of services:
• Parole officer and Reentry Transition Team

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Offenders in the reentry program placed at the top of the
waiting list for services when they are released

• Assigning mentors to each offender returning to the community

• Deliberately focusing efforts on females (half of reentry
group)

• Assigning partners from the Coordinating Council to
female offenders based on their specific needs

• Transfer reentry participants to pre-release facilities
15 months prior to release and conduct meetings at 12, 9,
and 6 months pre-release

• Involving offenders, family members, and community service providers in reentry planning

• Community resource council (made up of staff from community organizations, Federal agencies, and
ex-offenders) that meets monthly and selects the individuals from Project Cope that are matched with
female offenders

126

National Portrait of SVORI

• Using a transition team that includes institutional staff and
community agencies, which works with offenders after
release
• Community accountability panel that meets post-release
with the offenders as part of the supervision process

SVORI Grantee: Missouri Department of Social Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Missouri Juvenile Justice Information System

Local evaluation planned

Yes

Program name

Going Home

MO DSS

Going Home

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
201+

Inclusion criteria

Sex offenses, other violent offenses, drug offenses, repeat offenders, and serious initial offenses

Exclusion criteria

Substance abusers and mentally ill

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons—Five regions, 45 sites
Statewide
Mandatory
Nearly all youth receive aftercare services post-residential treatment

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Five teams at each region; some site- and community-liaison teams
Department of Youth Service (DYS; branch of DSS)
3

Phase 1:Institutionally Based
Programs

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based
Long-Term Support

Duration: 7–9 months

Duration: 4–6 months

Assessments: Missouri Juvenile Risk
Assessment Scale and the Division Needs
Assessment Scale

Assessments: Division Needs Assessment
Scale

Duration: Until at least one aspect of
training is complete
Assessments: None

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Intensive case monitoring involves the
• Specific targeted services include, as
use of Trackers, who assist case managers
needed, substance abuse counseling,
by monitoring behavior throughout the
career education, family therapy, abuse
day, ensuring that they meet with alcohol
survivor counseling, sexual offender
counselors, keep appointments with
counseling, individual and group counphysicians monitoring physical and/or
seling, jobs programs, on-site healthcare,
mental health needs, and meet with
dental services, psychological care, special
employers to discuss job performance
education services, foster care placements
issues. These staff also assist youth with
and housing assistance, life skills training,
social service agencies to address public
anger management, and other personal
assistance services.
development activities
Coordination of services:

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed (identified by the community),
vocational training, education, substance
abuse treatment, mental health counseling, medical services, dental services,
employment skills training, housing
assistance, life skills training, anger management, and faith-based services

Components/services offered within phase:

Coordination of services:

Coordination of services:
• Community Liaison Councils and service
coordinator

• Service coordinator

• Service coordinator that remains with
offender through aftercare

National Portrait of SVORI

127

MO DSS

Going Home

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Emphasis on vocational training

• Vocational activities more hands-on and targeted at specific
skills needed in local areas

• Programming conducted in small groups; all DYS facilities
are small group homes
• Involvement of Community Liaison Councils to help service coordinators broker services

128

National Portrait of SVORI

• Keep same service coordinator from pre-release through
aftercare
• Assigning Trackers to youth during the community phases

MONTANA

SVORI Grantees in Montana
• Montana Department of
Corrections (MT DOC)

Montana SVORI Target Areas
Montana has one grantee that targets juveniles across all
areas of the State (depicted in the map at left). Montana’s
size and population distribution make it necessary to provide programs and services for corrections aftercare to
remote as well as urban areas of the State.

Great Falls
Missoula
Billings

Juvenile

Adult

Both

SVORI Grantee: Juvenile Division of the Montana Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Unknown

Local evaluation planned

Not yet formalized

Program name

Offender Reentry

MT DOC

Offender Reentry

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
151–200 annually

Inclusion criteria

Ages 12–17, sex offenses, drug offenses, and other violent offenses

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities

Participants are returning from one of two Montana Youth Correctional
Facilities—Pine Hills YCF (males) and Riverside YCF (females)

Post-release locations

Statewide

Participation

Voluntary

Legal release status

Most participants are under juvenile parole supervision

National Portrait of SVORI

129

MT DOC

Offender Reentry

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Transition team
Juvenile Division of the MT DOC
2

Phase 1: Pre-release Programming

Phase 2: Post-release Programming

Duration: 7–9 months

Duration: Varies based on commitment level

Assessments: YLS/CMI assessment

Assessments: YSL/CMI assessment

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Family members and community service providers meet with
the juvenile to assist in transition planning, including determining the juvenile’s supervising officer

• Supervision decreases gradually as responsibilities shift to the
juveniles and their families, and linkages to the home community become stronger

• Aftercare coordinators consider the resources in the juvenile’s
return community in the construction of a reentry plan. (The
aftercare coordinator works in conjunction with the community, families, and regional parole officers to create an individualized aftercare case plan for the offender.)

• Services depend on the county of release, in that some rural
counties may not have full access to services. (Transition team
members will provide access to programs and services for juveniles whenever possible, including transportation to service
locations.)

• Reentry plans are developed within 30 days of arrival at the
correctional facility

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental services, employment skills/vocational training, education, housing
assistance, and faith-based services

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental services, employment skills/vocational training, education, housing
assistance, life skills training, faith-based services, parenting
skills training, domestic violence prevention and intervention
services, and anger management
Coordination of services:

• Mentoring programs are also offered, which will provide access
to needed services in rural counties
Coordination of services:
• Transition team

• Aftercare coordinator (service broker) and the transition team,
which typically includes a juvenile parole officer, therapist,
family/foster family individuals, education staff, law enforcement officers, religious community representatives,
juvenile/young adult offender organization representatives,
mentors, victim advocates, and other local community representatives (as needed)
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Youth correctional facilities previously had no aftercare
planning or support for juvenile reentry

• Aftercare coordinators identify key support areas in the
community to fill juveniles’ needs, and also schedule preplacement visits with community service liaisons
• Quarterly reporting between the community and the correctional system ensures successful completion of the reentry process, with repeated YSL/CMI assessments to address
possible changes in needs and services
• Family members and community service providers meet
with the juveniles to assist in transition planning

130

National Portrait of SVORI

NEBRASKA
SVORI Grantees in Nebraska
Nebraska has one SVORI grantee serving adults returning to four zip codes • Nebraska Department of
Correctional Services (NE DCS)
in metropolitan Omaha (depicted in the map below). The SVORI target
population is individuals who are in need of intensive services upon release.
The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Nebraska over a 24-year
period.
Nebraska SVORI Target Areas

Nebraska Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Omaha
zip codes
68104
68110
68111
68131

Juvenile

Adult

Both

Number of Admissions/Releases

2500
2000

Admissions
Releases

1500
1000
500
0
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Nebraska Department of Correctional Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

NE DCS has a correctional database that can be queried to identify offenders who
participate in the Reentry Program

Local evaluation planned

Omaha’s College of Public Affairs and Community Services at the University of Nebraska is
conducting the local evaluation

Program name

Nebraska Adult

NE DCS

Nebraska Adult

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–35, identified as “violent” by the Nebraska Board of Parole, identified as “high risk”
on assessment, with tentative release dates equal to or less than 5 years

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders, the severely mentally ill, and offenders serving life sentences

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Four Omaha zip codes: 68104, 68110, 68111, and 68131
Voluntary
Most participants will be under parole supervision, though offenders who are released at
expiration of their sentences will not be automatically excluded

National Portrait of SVORI

131

NE DCS

Nebraska Adult

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Steering Committee
Nebraska Board of Parole
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support

Duration: At least 1 year

Duration: Variable

Duration: Up to 2 years

Assessments: Risk assessment designed by
the Nebraska Board of Parole

Assessments: Ongoing risk assessment

Assessments: Ongoing risk assessment

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• PREPP revised

• Personalized Reentry Program Plan
(PREPP), which is designed for each
offender at the time of admission

• Transition plan created

• Revision of Reentry Plan to include services available after release from parole

• Supervision program developed

• Assistance in finding employment

• Participants are moved to a pre-release
facility (Community Correctional
Center—Omaha) before release
• Case management

• Specific targeted services include, as
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment, menneeded, substance abuse treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental
tal health counseling, medical and dental
services, life skills training, parenting
services, life skills training, parenting
skills training, domestic violence counselskills training, domestic violence counseling, employment programs, education,
ing, employment programs, education,
housing assistance, anger management,
housing assistance, anger management,
and faith-based services
and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
Coordination of services:

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental
services, life skills training, parenting
skills training, domestic violence counsel• Reentry team
ing, employment programs, education,
housing assistance, anger management,
and faith-based services

• Reentry team will change to consist of
those community programs that have
longevity and can provide services to
offenders after release from parole

Coordination of services:
• One year prior to a offender’s parole, the
reentry team begins exploring community treatment and programming options.
The team is made up of the prisoner, a
case manager, law enforcement, the
Parole Board, a parole officer, transition
manager, treatment providers, community service providers, family and community members, and a representative from
victim advocacy groups.
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased enthusiasm

• Participants are moved to a pre-release facility (Community
Correctional Center—Omaha) before release, where they
receive specialized reentry services

• Future expansion of the program throughout the State

132

National Portrait of SVORI

NEVADA
Nevada has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults and one focused on
juveniles, all returning to Southern Nevada (Clark, Lincoln, Nye, and
Esmeralda counties), depicted in the map below. Well over half of Nevada’s
prisoners return to these counties. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Nevada over a 24-year
period.
Nevada SVORI Target Areas

SVORI Grantees in Nevada
• Nevada Department of Corrections
(NDOC)
• Nevada Youth Correctional Services
(NV YCS)

Nevada Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

6000

Nye
Lincoln
Esmeralda

Admissions
Releases

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000

Clark

0
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02

Las Vegas

Year
Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Nevada Department of Corrections
SVORI website

http://www.doc.nv.gov/programs/ghp.php

Data management system

The site is in the process of creating a SVORI database/tracking system.
Data from NDOC’s Offender Management system and Parole and Probation’s (P&P)
OTIS system will be included to create a comprehensive database to be used throughout
the program.

Local evaluation planned

A researcher from the University of Nevada Las Vegas is conducting the local evaluation

Program name

Going Home Prepared

NV DOC

Going Home Prepared

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults and juveniles
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–35 at the time of release; convicted of category A or B felony OR repeat offender
with a history of violence, weapon-related crime, and/or gang activity (drug offenders
included if offender also has criminal history, sex offenders included if victim is adult of
opposite sex); eligible for parole between November 2003 and June 2006; eligible for parole
on last and final sentence; and no INS detainers or felony holds from other States

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders

National Portrait of SVORI

133

NV DOC

Going Home Prepared

TARGET POPULATION
Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons (any of the State’s prisons, 10 conservation camps, or the State
restitution center)
Southern Nevada (Clark, Lincoln, Nye, and Esmeralda counties)
Mandatory once enrolled
All participants are under parole supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Advisory Board
NV DOC
3

Phase 1: Institutional Services
Duration: 6–12 months
Assessments: LSI-R
Components/services offered within phase:
• Selection Committee meets monthly to
decide which prisoners who meet the eligibility criteria to include in the program
through file reviews
• Enrolled male participants transfer to
Southern Desert Correctional Facility to
receive SVORI programming
• Female participants receive SVORI services at two of three participating female
facilities
• Individual treatment plans for institutional programming developed
• SVORI-specific curricula provided

needed, education, mental health, individual and group counseling, medical
and dental services, job training, substance abuse treatment, registration for
Selective Service, development of child
support payment plans, assistance with
obtaining identification documents,
anger management, health education,
money management, parenting skills
training, and interactive journaling
Coordination of services:

134

National Portrait of SVORI

• Intensive supervision by P&P Officer and
Reentry Coordinator (for at least 6
months; longer if necessary)
• Intermediate sanctions
• Random drug testing
• Case management provided by P&P
Reentry Social Worker
• Victim Impact Panel (mandatory)

• Community Accountability and Support
• Reentry Case Managers coordinate servCommittee (composed of members of
ice provision for individual participants;
the Advisory Board) reviews participants’
Reentry Planning Committee includes
progress and conducts a reassessment
institutional and community service
9–12 months post-release
providers; and Reentry Coordinator oversees and promotes coordination of serv• Monitoring and tracking provided by
ices throughout the duration of the proReentry Coordinator for a total of 12
gram (pre- and post-release)
months post-release

Phase 2: Community-Based
• Reentry plan developed with assistance
from Reentry Planning Committee (comTransitional Services
posed of the Reentry Coordinator,
Reentry Case Managers, NDOC psychol- Duration: 12 months
ogists, representatives of partner agencies, Assessments: LSI-R reassessment at
and P&P officer)
approximately 9 months post-release;
• Participant and family members included Division of Parole and Probation’s instrument may be administered to determine
in reentry planning
risk to the community and necessary
• Mandatory classes include Victim
supervision level
Empathy, Criminal Thinking Errors,
Components/services offered within phase:
Project Metamorphosis, Life Skills,
Personal Growth, Change Plan, and
• Release to the community and utilization
Relapse Prevention
of services identified in reentry plan
• Specific targeted services include, as

month for first 6 months

• Reentry Court appearance at least once a

• Continued case management and service
coordination by P&P Reentry Social
Worker for up to 12 months post-release
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, education; job training and
employment services; substance abuse
and mental health treatment; mentoring;
violence intervention; anger management; life skills training; short-term transitional housing; medical and dental services; basic needs (e.g., transportation,
clothing, food); parenting skills training;
child care; child support; faith-based
services; and family counseling

NV DOC

Going Home Prepared

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
• P&P Reentry Social Worker and P&P
Components/services offered within phase:
Officer
continue
to
work
together
while
• Case management and service coordina• Transition to normal parole
participant is in program (up to 12
tion provided by P&P Reentry Social
• Specific targeted services include, as
months post-release) and with service
Worker, who works closely with the parneeded, education; job training and
providers;
the
Reentry
Coordinator
conticipant's P&P Officer; 16 state-level and
employment services; substance abuse
tinues
to
monitor
the
participant
through
31 local community partners offer particand mental health treatment; mentoring;
the
end
of
official
program
participation
ipants a comprehensive, wraparound sysviolence intervention; anger managetem of services, support, and criminal
ment; life skills training; housing assisjustice supervision. Five protocols (edu- Phase 3: Community-Based Longtance; medical and dental services; basic
Term Support
cation, mental health, law enforcement
needs (e.g., transportation, clothing,
and victims, substance abuse, and workDuration: Indefinitely (official program
food); parenting skills training; child
force development) guide service proviparticipation ends 12 months post-release;
care; child support; faith-based services;
sion and coordination. Reentry
however, community partners continue to
and family counseling
Coordinator oversees and promotes coor- provide follow-up and services for as long
Coordination of services:
dination of services throughout duration as the client requires services)
of program.
• None
Assessments: No specific assessments used
in this phase
Coordination of services:

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased cooperation and connections between the prisons
and the community

• Introduction of SVORI-specific classes increases participants’ chances of success

• P&P Reentry Social Workers on staff

• Reentry plan tailored to participant’s individual needs

• Special prison unit to provide SVORI programming

• Institutional program staff to provide case management
and connections to community services prior to release

• Establishment of a Reentry Court
• The Reentry Coordinator promotes partnerships and service linkage among community service providers
• “One-stop shop” model that brings services to the participant prior to release and provides assistance navigating a
complicated service system

• Intensive supervision that utilizes intermediate sanctions
• P&P Reentry Social Worker to provide case management
during parole in collaboration with P&P Officer and service
providers
• Financial support to pay for services, so that participants
receive the services they need
• Obtainment of identification for participants to facilitate
release

National Portrait of SVORI

135

SVORI Grantee: Nevada Youth Correctional Services, Nevada Youth Parole Bureau
(Department of Human Resources, Division of Child and Family Services) DOC)
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Nevada Youth Parole Bureau uses UNITY data management system. The Reentry Program
maintains a supplemental data collection system designed specifically for collecting reentry
data.

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Going Home Reentry Program

NV YCS

Going Home Reentry Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
151–200

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–17; three main criteria will be used to identify eligible participants through the
use of an assessment instrument: (1) age at first referral, (2) number of adjudicated
offenses at the time of commitment, and (3) number of adjudicated violent and serious
offenses. In some cases where an offender does not meet all three criteria, an override will
qualify the offender as eligible.

Exclusion criteria

Offenders 18 years of age or older, juveniles under interstate compact (committed crime in
anther state but serving parole sentence in Nevada), or with serious mental health issues
will be excluded from participation. Other exclusions are youth who have been convicted
of sexual crimes and youth who are seriously mentally ill.

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Any of the State's three youth correctional centers
Clark County/Las Vegas
Mandatory
All participants are on active parole supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Community Provider Reentry Network
Nevada Youth Parole Bureau
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs
Duration: 7–9 months (total pre-release,
including Phases 2 and 3)
Assessments: Risk/needs assessment, LSIR, self-report substance abuse assessment,
criminal history, mental health, family history, etc.
Components/services offered within phase:
• Reentry orientation; participant handbook

136

National Portrait of SVORI

• SVORI-specific institutional programming provided in addition to the established institutional services
• 16-week gender-specific curriculum for
females between the ages of 15 and 17.
This program design focuses on sexual
victimization, prostitution relapse prevention, and mild mental health and substance abuse issues.
• Using a reentry court model that is
mandatory and convenes monthly

• Case management provided by Reentry
Social Worker
• Designated facility staff person serves as
liaison between participant and Reentry
Social Worker
• Monthly in-person meetings between
participant and Reentry Social Worker at
institution
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse and mental
health assessment and treatment, educa-

NV YCS
tion, employment/vocational training,
anger management, life skills training,
medical/dental services, domestic violence prevention and intervention, family
dynamics, anger management, values
clarification, social awareness, parenting
skills training, programming for parents,
gender-specific programming, mentoring, and athletic programs
Coordination of services:
• Reentry Social Worker and facility
liaisons hold telephone conferences each
month to discuss participants’ needs and
progress; Reentry Social Worker meets
with participant in institution once
monthly and begins to establish the link
between institution and community.

Going Home Reentry Program
pants prior to release and establish the
link between institution and community
• Referrals made to appropriate community-based services
• Reintegration Aftercare Program used by
one facility for reentry planning
• Reentry-specific curricula provided (e.g.,
alternatives to violence, victim awareness,
and life skills training) at each institution
and in the community at a Community
Reentry Center
• Existing parole recommendation process
used by each of the correctional facilities
Coordination of services:

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

• Reentry Social Worker matches participants to services depending on the availability of the service and the result of
each participant’s assessment and treatment plan

Duration: 7–9 months (total pre-release,
including Phase 1)

Phase 3: Community-Based Parole

Assessments: Risk/needs assessment and
LSI-R
Components/services offered within phase:
• Transition team works with each participant to develop release, treatment, and
educational plans
• Group sessions conducted by Reentry
Social Worker, who prepares for the participant to reenter the community
• Mentoring provided by faith-based
organizations
• Family and Reentry Social Worker meetings
• The Reentry Social Worker and Reentry
Parole Officers (POs) meet with partici-

Duration: 6–11 months total; Three subphases: 1—Structured transition (30–60
days), 2—Community-based parole phase
I (60–90 days), and 3—Community-based
parole phase II (90–180 days)
Assessments: Risk/needs assessment, LSIR, self-report substance abuse assessment
Components/services offered within phase:
• Within 72 hours of release, the participant and his/her parents meet with
members of the Reentry Authority, the
Transition Team, and the Educational
Liaison at the Community Resource and
Reentry Center to review the treatment
and educational plans and initiate programming and services

• Community Resource and Reentry
Center established to provide SVORIspecific programming by community
service providers (“family nights,” GED
tutoring, Day Treatment Program to provide classes in anger management,
drug/alcohol use/education, job skills,
social skills, victim awareness, self-sufficiency planning, and individual counseling, as needed)
• Three dedicated Reentry Parole Officers
with small caseloads
• Reentry Social Worker provides case
management in collaboration with three
Reentry Parole Officers
• Intensive supervision
• Graduated sanctions
• Graduation ceremony upon successful
program completion
• Use of a component on Gang
Intervention and alternatives to gangs.
Parole counselors assigned to the Reentry
Program have also become certified as
instructors in developing an anti-gang
curriculum. These parole officers work
closely with correctional center staff in
training and conducting workshops for
the staff and institutionalized youth.
Coordination of services:
• The Reentry Social Worker provides case
management and oversees referrals and
provision of services. The Social Worker
and the three Reentry Parole Officers collaborate closely. Monthly staff meetings
facilitate good communication and the
sharing of information within the 4-person team.

National Portrait of SVORI

137

NV YCS

Going Home Reentry Program

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Addition of a social worker to parole for the first time (case
management and link from community to institution are
new facets)

• Intensive supervision with graduated sanctions

• Reentry curricula developed by parole officers to use in Day
Treatment program

• Active family involvement in reentry planning processes

• New office space serves as Reentry office space and a classroom for the Day Treatment program
• Critical link between the institution and the community
established through Reentry Social Worker and Reentry
Parole Officers that work with participant throughout preand post-release phases
• Increased communication among Reentry Parole Officers,
institutions, offenders’ families, and community agencies
• Shared agency protocols
• Feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that collaboration is working
• Informational materials for youth and their families

138

National Portrait of SVORI

• Connection to community while in institution through
Reentry Social Worker and Reentry Parole Officers
• Assistance from Transition Team to develop release, treatment, and education plans
• Integrated case management
• Specific SVORI programming both pre- and post-release
• Gang intervention component

NEW HAMPSHIRE
SVORI Grantees in New Hampshire
New Hampshire has one SVORI grantee focused on adults returning to the • New Hampshire Department of
Corrections (NH DOC)
City of Manchester (depicted in the map below). Manchester was chosen as
the State’s reentry site because it receives the majority of releasees and poses
barriers to successful reentry such as rapid population growth, a high proportion of ethnic populations (including
refugee and “linguistically isolated” families), high poverty rates, and a high unemployment rate. The line chart below
provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in New Hampshire over a 24-year period.
New Hampshire SVORI Target Areas

New Hampshire Adult Prison Admissions and Releases,
1978–2002
1400
Admissions
Releases

1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
78

Manchester

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: New Hampshire Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

SVORI-specific automated MIS is in development

Local evaluation planned

The research and planning arm of the NH DOC is conducting an internal local evaluation

Program name

NH DOC Reentry Initiative

NH DOC

Reentry Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 17–35; residing in Manchester at time of incarceration; at least 12-month incarceration;
highest risk of recidivism; greatest number of barriers/are most in need of reentry services
(because of issues such as criminal history, resistance to reentry services, unemployment, lack
of education, substance abuse, poor mental and physical health, disabilities, inadequate
housing, lack of transportation, family troubles, and poverty) as determined by risk assessment

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
City of Manchester
Voluntary
Most participants are under probation/parole supervision
National Portrait of SVORI

139

NH DOC

Reentry Initiative

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

State Reentry Steering Committee; Local Reentry Advisory Council;
Institution-Based Reentry Committee
NH State Parole Board
3

Phase 1: Institution-Based Services
Duration: Approximately 4–6 months
(begins at least 6 months prior to release)
Assessments: LSI-R; NH DOC’s Objective
Classification System evaluation; STATIC
99 for sex offenders
Components/services offered within phase:
• Development of an individual
Institution-Based Reentry Plan
• Monitoring of participant’s progress and
preparedness by case managers/case
counselors

Phase 2: Residential Transition and Phase 3: Long-Term Self-Directed
Community-Based Services
Support
Duration: Approximately 3 months (prior
to release, once the participant has been
reclassified to minimum security status)
Assessments: Reassessment to determine
program eligibility
Components/services offered within phase:

Manager and staff from Probation and
Parole to ensure open, consistent communication between Reentry Advocates
and the PPOs
• Reentry Advocates serve as Institutional
PPOs, lead the case management/transition teams, and maintain primary
responsibility of coordinating services
• An integrated systems protocol is used
National Portrait of SVORI

Assessments: Reassessment to determine
what services are needed to sustain successful integration into the community
will occur 3 months before the end of the
phase (approximately 9 months after
release) using LSI-R (STATIC 99 for sex
offenders)

• Community reentry plan (later used as
the parole plan) is updated, identifying
how community services will be procured Components/services offered within phase:
• Supervision by PPO
• Provision of institution-based services

will continue, including specialized reen• Specific targeted services include, as
try-focused services and required particineeded, substance abuse treatment, menpation in victim empathy workshops,
tal health counseling, medical and dental
community service, and restitution activservices, employment/vocational training,
ities while still incarcerated and once in
education, parenting skills training,
the residential transitional facility
domestic violence services, life skills
training, anger management, faith-based • Participant and family members are
services, victim empathy, family support
active participants in reentry planning
services, a victim witness assistance proprocess
gram, and a variety of specialized reen• Community service providers enter institry-focused services
tution to meet with offenders
Coordination of services:
• Participant moves to a community-based,
• Transition team (case management team)
residential, supervised transition program
management, led by Reentry Advocate,
prior to being granted parole and reentry
will begin at this time and continue
• Once granted parole, the Reentry
throughout the program. Members will
Advocate introduces the offender and the
vary depending on the program phase
PPO to improve and expedite the release
(although core members will remain conprocess after reentry conditions are met
stant) and may include the offender,
and approved by the appropriate parole
Reentry Advocate, Probation and Parole
authority
Officer (PPO), institution-based staff, law
Coordination of services:
enforcement staff, and community service providers.
• Weekly meetings between Project

140

Duration: 12 months

• Reentry Support/Progress meetings held
to provide peer encouragement and reinforcement
• Development of a plan for self-directed
maintenance and continued support
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, education, housing assistance
provided by faith-based organizations,
job training and placement, vocational
rehabilitation for offenders with significant disabilities, substance abuse, mental
health, medical and dental services
(including assistance with enrollment
in SSI, Medicaid, etc.), family support
(including domestic violence prevention
and intervention, parenting education,
and family counseling), sex offender
assessment and treatment, life skills
training, anger management, and
transportation
Coordination of services:
• Reentry Advocate provides case management leadership; works with case management/transition team; serves as liaison
to PPO; ensures that all of the indicated
reentry services are coordinated, in place,
and readily accessible; and monitors
offender progress

NH DOC

Reentry Initiative

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Enhanced ability of NH DOC to improve existing reentry
procedures and services

• Improved case management and service coordination from
dedicated Reentry Advocates

• Involvement of community service providers prior to
prisoner’s release

• Use of a case management/transition team that includes
representatives and clinicians from appropriate agencies
is put in place for each participant

• Use of a dedicated staff person to create partnerships, open
channels of communication and collaboration among
agencies, and facilitate services
• Sharing of agency protocols
• Development of Integrated Systems protocol

• Inclusion of family members in reentry planning prior
to release
• Allowing community service providers to enter the
institution to meet with prisoners to participate in
reentry planning

• Use of a victims’ rights approach central to project’s
approach to reentry with addition of Victim Advocate
position
• Reduction of caseloads for Reentry Advocates as compared
to regular PPOs

National Portrait of SVORI

141

NEW JERSEY
SVORI Grantees in New Jersey
• New Jersey State Parole Board
New Jersey has one SVORI grantee with two administratively separate pro(NJ SPB)
grams: one focused on adults returning to Camden and Essex counties and
one focused on juveniles returning to Camden and Essex counties (depicted
in the map below). The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in New
Jersey over a 24-year period.
New Jersey SVORI Target Areas

New Jersey Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Essex

Camden

Number of Admissions/Releases

18000
16000

Admissions
Releases

14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: New Jersey State Parole Board
SVORI website

None

Data management system

SVORI-specific database is being developed by the local evaluator

Local evaluation planned

Researchers from Rutgers University are conducting the local evaluation

Program names

NJ State Parole Board—Adults
NJ State Parole Board—Young Adults

NJ SPB: PROGRAM 1

Adults

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

51–100

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–35, a sentence of 5–20 years, released on parole between October 2003 and
July 2004, and a criminal record that includes at least one crime against a person or
multiple offenses and probation/parole violations

Exclusion criteria

Offenders in special treatment centers, those who have committed only one crime against
property, or those who have committed only drug crimes

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

142

Male and female adults

National Portrait of SVORI

All State prisons
Camden and Essex counties
Mandatory; special condition of parole
All NJ Adult SVORI participants are under parole supervision

NJ SPB: PROGRAM 1

Adults

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Greater Newark Safer Cities Initiative (Essex County) and Camden County Advisory Board
NJ State Parole Board
2

Phase 1: Institutionally Based Programs
Duration: 9 months

Phase 2: Community Transition and Long-Term
Support

Assessments: LSI-R

Duration: 21 months (October 2003–June 2005)

Components/services offered within phase:

Assessments: No specific assessments used in this phase

• Assessment of risk

Components/services offered within phase:

• Transfer to facility that provides needed services, if necessary

• Parole supervision

• Development of individualized reentry plan

• Multi-disciplinary transition team in each county works with
offenders to identify needs and refer them to services

• Case management provided by individual on multi-disciplinary transition team
• Faith-based community mentors to enter institutions to help
prepare offenders for release
• Comprehensive wraparound services, including mental health
counseling, medical/dental services, employment skills/
vocational training, education, housing assistance, parenting
skills training, domestic violence services, life skills training,
anger management, faith-based services, a Mutual Assistance
Program (inpatient drug program), and SVORI-specific
curricula

• Mandatory accountability sessions held at local churches
for offenders, service providers, family members, and parole
officers to discuss offenders’ progress and address concerns
• Community wellness meetings held to address community
concerns about parole
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, employment skills/
vocational training, education, housing assistance, parenting
skills training, domestic violence services, life skills training,
anger management, and faith-based services

Coordination of services:

Coordination of services:

• Institutional parole counselors and representatives from parole
and community agencies (for substance abuse, mental health,
etc.) work together on multi-disciplinary teams. Case manager
is designated on a rotating case-by-case basis to give each
agency representative a chance to take the lead on case
management.

• Multi-disciplinary transition teams meet to discuss cases
in which they identify needed services and make referrals.
Accountability sessions are chaired by members of the Parole
Board and include offenders, their families, service providers,
and parole officers.

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Partnerships at state and local level forged to fill gaps and
enhance services available to offenders

• Contact with community-based service providers while still
in prison

• Improved discharge planning with goal of providing
seamless method of offender discharge from commitment
to release

• Multi-disciplinary transition team to work with offender to
identify needs and connect to services

• Expansion of existing service systems to meet offenders’
housing, mental health (co-occurring disorders),
faith/mentoring, and employment needs
• Provision of needed institutional programs and services

• Development of an individualized reentry plan
• Direct participation of offender in the reentry planning
process
• Inclusion of family members in the planning process
• Accountability sessions

National Portrait of SVORI

143

NJ SPB: PROGRAM 2

Young Adults

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
151–200

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–23; either on parole, post-incarceration supervision, or have judicial
restriction dates during the grant period; and have an ICCD score of 9 or greater
(Institutional Classification)

Exclusion criteria

Juveniles who are on parole only for a month or less during the program recruitment period

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State juvenile correctional facilities
Camden and Essex counties
A special condition of parole
All SVORI Candidates are supervised by their Regional Office of Juvenile Parole and
Transitional Services

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee

Post-release reentry authority

Number of phases

The Steering Committee comprises, to date, delegates from the Department of Labor,
Department of Health and Senior Services, Department of Health Services, Department of
Human Services—Division of Mental Health, the Division of Addiction Services, the NJ
State Parole Board, the NJ Department of Corrections, the NJ Juvenile Justice Commission,
and the NJ Supported Housing and Special Needs—NJ Housing Mortgage and Finance
Agency. Agencies will be added to meet the needs of the SVORI population.
New Jersey State Parole Board, Community Programs Unit, the NJ Juvenile Justice
Commission’s Office of Juvenile Parole and Transitional Services, Community MDT(s)
from Camden and Essex Counties
2

Phase 1: Institutionally Based Programs
Duration: 10–12 months
Assessments: ICCD score and SVORI criteria are used to identify participants
Components/services offered within phase:
• Parole supervision
• Multi-disciplinary reentry and transition team consisting of
the institutional reentry team, family members, community
agency representatives, case managers from the Office of
Juvenile Parole and Transitional Services, and Juvenile Unit
Hearing Officers from the State Parole Board
• Juvenile Parole case manager works with the institutional social
workers to oversee provision of services and track participants
progress
• Transitional school programs in both Camden and Essex counties prepare for returning SVORI candidates and act as port of
entry for all youth returning to these counties

144

National Portrait of SVORI

• Monthly reviews are held at the secure facilities and provide a
forum for participants, institutional staff, family members, case
managers and parole officers to assess progress, address concerns, and hold both participants and programs accountable
• Specific targeted services inside the secure facilities include, as
needed, substance abuse and mental health treatment, and/or
counseling, employment skills/vocational training, education,
parenting skills training, life skills training, domestic violence
services, anger management, and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Monthly meetings are held to coordinate and monitor youth.
The reentry and transitional multi-disciplinary teams made up
of the institutional social workers, child study teams, mental
health, substance abuse, education, family when available, and
the regional parole case manager from the Office of Juvenile
Parole and Transitional Services.

NJ SPB: PROGRAM 2

Young Adults

Phase 2: Community Transition and Long-Term
Support

• Non-transitional school programs act as a point of entry for all
youth returning home

Duration: 1–18 months

• Mandatory accountability sessions (held at the regional parole
office and chaired by Parole Board Juvenile Unit Hearing
Officer) provide a forum for participants, service providers,
family members, and parole officers to assess progress, address
concerns, and hold participants, parole, and service providers
accountable

Assessments: Currently, the Commission administers its own
risks/needs assessment, known as the Comprehensive Intake
Assessment (CIA), and the YLSI is administered pre-release. It is
expected that within the next 12 months the second half of the
CIA (known as the CAP) will be used to identify risk and need
and serve as a tool to help develop each individual’s service plan.
Components/services offered within phase:
• Parole supervision
• Reentry and transitional multi-disciplinary team consisting of
various community agency representatives, parole officers and
case managers from the Office of Juvenile Parole and
Transitional Services, members of the State Parole Board, and
family when available meet weekly for case reviews
• Case manager oversees provision of services, parole officer
supervises and monitors youth

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
and mental health outpatient and residential treatment, individual and family counseling, employment skills/vocational
training, education, housing assistance, parenting skills training, life skills training, domestic violence services, anger management, and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Case managers, parole officers, and members of the reentry
and transitional multi-disciplinary teams monitor progress and
track each SVORI youth returning home

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Renewed partnership of Juvenile Conference Committees
(JCC), State Parole Board, and many State and local organizations and stakeholders

• Multi-disciplinary reentry and transition team includes
institutional staff, juvenile parole staff, and community
agencies

• Movement from fragmented pre-release system to highly
structured, all-inclusive team approach

• Connection to service providers prior to release

• Streamlined, centralized internal JCC data collection and
dissemination processes

• Priority given to offenders not participating in institutional
services

• Improved risk and needs assessment protocol

• Implementation of an overarching case management system bridging institution, transition and community services, and programs through cross-training and seminars

• Shared agency protocols
• Growing interest in reentry with potential of statewide
movement to address the needs and risks of youthful
offenders

• Family participation in planning process prior to release

• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure collaboration is working
• Neutral facilitator (the Police Institute of Rutgers
University) to assist JCC in improving reentry process

National Portrait of SVORI

145

NEW MEXICO
SVORI Grantees in New Mexico
New Mexico has one SVORI grantee focused on adults and juveniles return- • New Mexico Corrections
Department (NMCD)
ing to statewide locations (depicted in the map below). Problems that this
grant intends to address include lack of identification of offender needs,
insufficient or duplicative workable linkages across State agencies, lack of best practices in services provided through
other community resources, fragmented services, and unequal statewide service. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in New Mexico over a 24-year period.
New Mexico Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

New Mexico SVORI Target Areas

4500
Number of Admissions/Releases

4000

Santa Fe
Albuquerque

Admissions
Releases

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail Inmates at
Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: New Mexico Corrections Department
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Corrections and Parole both have their own automated databases; SVORI-specific database
is in development

Local evaluation planned

The Institute for Social Research at the University of New Mexico is conducting the local
evaluation

Program name

Safe Community Reentry

NMCD

Safe Community Reentry

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Adults—ages 17–35; Juveniles—ages 14–21, minimum of 6 months of parole time remaining
on sentence, medium to high risk to reoffend as determined by risk assessment, and multiple
barriers to reentry

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status
146

Male and female adults and juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

All State prisons (eight adult and four juvenile facilities)
Statewide
Mandatory
In 2001, approximately 63% of offenders were discharged from prison to parole supervision
in the community

NMCD

Safe Community Reentry

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee
Both adult and juvenile parole boards
3

Phase 1: Institution-Based Services
Duration: 6–12 months
Assessments: Risk Assessment Instrument
(includes needs assessment) developed by
the University of New Mexico Institute of
Social Research; Juvenile Justice Division
Risk Assessment instrument and companion Needs Assessment tool; assessment
completed 12 months and immediately
prior to release

Phase 2: Community-Based
Programs

food, transportation, child care, medication, and treatment services)

Duration: 6–12 months

Coordination of services:

Assessments: Risk/needs assessment
completed by Probation & Parole (P&P)
Officer 90 days after release and then every
6 months

• Community Transition Team (consisting
of Regional Transition Coordinator, or
NMCYFD Coordinator, and State departmental coordinators) will collaborate to
monitor the implementation of the IRP

Components/services offered within phase:
• IRP provided to P&P Officer from
institution

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support

• Supervision by P&P Officer
• Graduated sanctions

Duration: Up to 2 years (6–12 months for
juveniles)

• Family member participation

Assessments: Every 6 months

• Family participation encouraged

• Community service (required)

Components/services offered within phase:

• Multidisciplinary Institution Reentry
Committee reviews IRP

• P&P Regional Transitional Coordinators
and NMCYFD Coordinators established
to support P&P officers in their area,
assist in cross-training efforts, coordinate
linkages between P&P and community
agencies, and coordinate financial
assistance to participants and family
involvement

• Program participation based on continued high risk and multiple needs

Components/services offered within phase:
• Individual Reentry/Discharge Plan (IRP)
developed with participation of offender
and submitted to Parole Board

• Pre-release programming strongly
encouraged including an introduction to
community supervision
expectations/requirements and assistance
with completing identification and benefit applications
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse and mental
health treatment, medical and dental
services, employability/cognitive education, education, parenting skills training,
life skills training, anger management,
faith-based services, sex offender treatment, and family reunification

• Statewide coordinators established to
assist in coordinating and filling in gaps
in services (employment, health, and
education)

Coordination of services:

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed. substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
and dental services (on referral basis),
employment/vocational training, education, housing assistance, parenting skills
training, life skills training, anger management, faith-based services, mentoring,
and financial assistance (for clothing,

• Institutional Reentry Coordinators
(parole-based) / New Mexico Children,
Youth, and Families Department
(NMCYFD) Coordinators assigned to
each of the State institutions to coordinate and lead discharge planning, including development of reentry plan and
review by reentry committee

• Transitional Reporting Centers, which
continue to provide enhanced supervision, treatment services, case management, and service referral

• Supervision provided on continuum;
level determined by risk assessment
results
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed: employment services, substance
abuse and mental health treatment,
and support services (housing, public
health, faith-based, NA/AA, and family
reunification)
Coordination of services:
• Coordination of supervision services
must be established and continue beyond
program participation

National Portrait of SVORI

147

NMCD

Safe Community Reentry

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• First-time communication between the correctional
facilities and P and P

• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
collaboration is working

• Institutional Reentry Coordinator, who provides link
between corrections and parole

• Institutional Reentry Coordinators to assist offenders in
developing reentry plans

• Development of shared agency protocols

• Active participation by offender to develop plans for release

• Regional Transitional Coordinators, who support P and P
officers in identifying and filling gaps in services
• Cross-training among major State partners (labor, health,
education, mental health and corrections, and juvenile
justice)

148

National Portrait of SVORI

NEW YORK
New York has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults returning to
North and Central Manhattan, and one focused on juveniles returning to
the Bronx and Harlem (depicted in the map below). The line chart below
provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in New
York over a 24-year period.

SVORI Grantees in New York
• New York Department of
Correctional Services (NY DCS)
• New York State Office of Children
and Family Services (NY CFS)

New York Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

New York SVORI Target Areas

Number of Admissions/Releases

40000

30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000

Adult North and Central Manhattan
Juvenile Bronx/Harlem
New York City
Juvenile

Admissions
Releases

35000

0
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year

Both

Adult

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: New York Department of Correctional Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Using a SVORI-specific MIS

Local evaluation planned

Yes

Program name

Targeted Assessment and Reentry Program (TARP)

NY DCS

Targeted Assessment and Reentry Program (TARP)

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male adults
51–100 annually

Inclusion criteria

Ages 17–35 and in maximum security prisons

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Participants come from all maximum security prisons in the State, but all are transferred
to Sing Sing before release
North and Central Manhattan
Voluntary
Most are under conditional release/parole supervision

National Portrait of SVORI

149

NY DCS

Targeted Assessment and Reentry Program (TARP)

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Policy Advisory Group and Neighborhood Coordinating Council
Division of Parole
3

Phase 1: Institutional Phase
Duration: 60–90 days
Assessments: Risk and Needs Assessment
Instrument
Components/services offered within phase:
• Construction of a reentry plan based on
the offender’s Risk and Needs Assessment
results
• Employment services, including employment-needs review and job-readiness
training
• Assistance with Medicaid applications
• Contract for employment services and
aggression replacement therapy
• Contact with faith-based organizations
from the community prior to release
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental
services, employment skills/vocational
training, education, housing assistance,

parenting skills training, domestic violence services, life skills training, anger
management, and family services
Coordination of services:
• TARP Policy Advisory Group

training, education, housing assistance,
parenting skills training, domestic violence services, life skills training, anger
management, and family services
Coordination of services:
• TARP Policy Advisory Group

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition Phase
Duration: Lasts until sentence expiration
or discharge from parole
Assessments: Risk and Needs Assessment
only for conditional release participants
Components/services offered within phase:

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support
Duration: Varies; services will be provided
based on the needs of the offender
Assessments: Failure analysis meeting and
treatment team meeting/notes

• Access to job training or employment,
substance abuse treatment, housing,
mental and other health services, and
benefits assistance

Components/services offered within phase:

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental
services, employment skills/vocational

Coordination of services:

• Continued support of communitybased organizations and faith-based
organizations
• Neighborhood Coordinating Council

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• TARP Policy Advisory Group and Neighborhood
Coordinating Council assist in collaboration of programs
and services

• The Risk and Needs Assessment Instrument targets greater
supervision in the case management strategy
• Employment Specialist assists offenders with employment
needs during post-release
• SVORI participants get preferential treatment in regard to
program enrollment and more intensive services
• Increasing level of cooperation among agencies
• Integrated case management, including the offender and
community service providers
• New staff hired to broker pre-release services for offenders

150

National Portrait of SVORI

SVORI Grantee: New York State Office of Children and Family Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

There are four databases managed by the NY Office of Children and
Family Services that include program participants

Local evaluation planned

Yes

Program name

Back to Your Future

NY CFS

Back to Your Future

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male juveniles
51–100 annually

Inclusion criteria

Must have a “viable” home to return to for eligibility

Exclusion criteria

Severe mental illness

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

One of two detention centers in the Bronx
Bronx/Harlem area
Voluntary
All participants are under court-ordered intensive supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Unknown
NYS Office of Children and Family Services
2

Phase 1: Residential Component

Phase 2: Reintegration Plan Implementation

Duration: 1–3 months

Duration: : 4–6 months

Assessments: Risk and needs assessment

Assessments: Treatment team meeting/notes

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Reintegration plan development begins immediately upon
admission—implemented 4 weeks prior to release

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental services, employment skills/vocational training, education, housing
assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence counseling, life skills training, anger management, Moral Reconation
Therapy, functional family therapy

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental services, employment skills/vocational training, education, housing
assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence counseling, life skills training, anger management, Moral Reconation
Therapy, and functional family therapy

Coordination of services:
• Intensive Aftercare Worker

Coordination of services:
• NYS Office of Children and Family Services

National Portrait of SVORI

151

NY CFS

Back to Your Future

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Introduction of moral reconation therapy and Functional
Family Therapy, which have both expanded into other areas
of NY State programs

• Program focuses only on evidence-based components
• Geographic specificity encourages family and community
involvement
• Families are active participants in the creation of the
case plan

152

National Portrait of SVORI

NORTH CAROLINA
SVORI Grantees in North Carolina
• North Carolina Department of
North Carolina has two SVORI grantees: one targets adults and youthful
Correction (NC DOC)
offenders returning to 13 counties (depicted in the map below), and the
other targets juveniles returning to 4 counties (also shown). NC DOC
• North Carolina Department of
selected these counties (organized into 8 clusters) based on the following
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
determinants: existing relationships between core partners, existing proPrevention (NC DJJDP)
grams, the objective of achieving a mix of urban and rural communities,
the objective of achieving representation of the entire state, numbers of returning offenders, existence of Treatment
Accountability for Safer Communities (TASC) programs, existence of JobLink centers, and other existing partnerships.
The NC DJJDP program targets juveniles returning to the Triad community (Greensboro, Winston-Salem, and High
Point). The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in North Carolina
over a 24-year period.

North Carolina SVORI Target Areas

North Carolina Adult Prison Admissions and Releases,
1978–2002

Caldwell Forsyth Greensboro
Buncome Burke Davie Guilford Durham
Davidson Wake Raleigh Pitt
McDowell
Greene
Catawba
Wayne
Lenoir
Henderson
Duplin

Juvenile

Number of Admissions/Releases

30000
Admissions
Releases

25000
20000
15000
10000
5000

Both

Adult

0
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: North Carolina Department of Corrections
SVORI website

http://www.doc.state.nc.us/rap/goinghome.htm

Data management system

NC DOC’s OPUS system is being enhanced to provide information to SVORI partners
and to integrate current information on offender progress

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Going Home Initiative (GHI)

NC DOC

Going Home Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults and youthful offenders
201+

Inclusion criteria

Age 18–35 at the time of release; offenders who exhibit chronic criminal behavior and are
likely to return to criminal activity; county of release; felony class B1-E; at least
90-day term of parole or post-release supervision

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities

All State prisons; participants transfer to 20 designated facilities to work with
Transition Teams

Post-release locations

13 counties: Duplin, Greene, Lenoir, Pitt, Wayne, Durham, Wake, Buncombe,
Burke, Caldwell, Catawba, Henderson, and McDowell
National Portrait of SVORI

153

NC DOC

Going Home Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Participation
Legal release status

Voluntary during incarceration; once released, GHI participation becomes a
condition of release
Most are under post-release supervision; varies by sentence

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

State Planning Team, consisting of 14 representatives from NC DOC, HHS,
Commerce, Community College System, and Governor’s Office
NC DOC and Parole Commission
3

Phase 1: Institution
Duration: 9–12 months prior to release
Assessments: OTI and CA, used for referrals to the Treatment Accountability for
Safer Communities (TASC) program.
Needs assessments are administered prior
to release specifically for reentry planning.
Components/services offered within phase:
• A transition team, led by the institutional
case manager and including the inmate
and other prison staff such as the mental
health social worker, the probation officer, and other community members (e.g.,
JobLink, TASC, housing, faith-based,
community college, vocational rehabilitation, and veterans affairs), handles case
management and reentry planning. The
transition team stays with the participant
through all phases of the Initiative; different members take the lead in assisting the
participants in each phase.
• Participants actively help create reentry
plans tailored to their individual needs
• Family members are included in prerelease reentry planning
• Community service providers come into
the institution to meet with offenders and
assist in reentry planning
• Community work projects can begin in
Phase 1 if inmate is eligible for work
release

lence counseling, life skills training, anger
management training, faith-based interventions, and cognitive behavioral interventions
Coordination of services:

National Portrait of SVORI

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support

• Transition team

Duration: Begins when period of supervision ends; duration varies

Phase 2: Community-based
Transition

Assessments: Substance abuse and mental
health screenings through the TASC program

Duration: 90 days–9 months, depending on
supervision level; continues into Phase 3

Components/services offered within phase:

Assessments: OTI and CA
Components/services offered within phase:
• Probation/Parole officers from the
Division of Community Corrections act
as the post-release authority and have
case management responsibilities for the
program participants with support from
transition team
• Community work projects begin in this
phase and continue into Phase 3

• Community partners involved in previous
phases take the lead role in this phase,
helping the offender maintain employment, housing, and treatment programs
(where applicable)
• Community work projects from Phase 2
continue
• The Transition Aftercare Network and
other faith-based initiatives provide mentoring services and coordinate ex-offender groups, and treatment providers offer
relapse prevention services

• The transition team stays with the partici• JobLink centers have six designated
pant through all phases of the initiative;
offender specialists dedicated to working
different members take the lead in assistwith SVORI participants
ing the participants in each phase
• Specific targeted services include, as need- • Emergency funds are available to SVORI
participants and are processed by probaed, substance abuse treatment, mental
health counseling, medical services, dental tion officers (75% of grant funds are to
be used for direct services)
services, employment skills and vocational training, education, housing assistance,
parenting skills training, domestic violence counseling, life skills training, anger
management, and faith-based assistance

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse treatment, mental
health counseling, medical services, dental
Coordination of services:
services, employment skills and vocational training, education, housing assistance, • The transition team is responsible for
coordinating services along with the
parenting skills training, domestic vio154

probation officer and other community
members

• Specific targeted services include,
as needed, housing, job training and
placement, and substance abuse and
mental health treatment programs
Coordination of services:
• Community partners from the transition
team

NC DOC

Going Home Initiative

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased involvement from both community and State
government in providing programs, services, and financial
assistance to the Initiative

• More intensive case management and interaction with the
local communities (more reaching in from outside community members) in the pre-release phase

• Increased involvement of the Department of Commerce
(funding six designated offender employment specialists at
local JobLink centers)

• Needs assessment conducted prior to release, resulting in
improved continuity of services and quicker implementation of the reentry plan

• Dedicated SVORI probation officer in each cluster

• Pre-release contact with probation officers, resulting in a
smooth hand-off from the institution to the community

• New and sustained partnerships between SVORI staff and
community service providers, ensuring accountability,
guidance, and cooperation

SVORI Grantee: North Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
SVORI website

None

Data management system

A SVORI-specific database is still in the development phase

Local evaluation planned

Under development

Program name

CORE Project

NC DJJDP

CORE Project

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
Fewer than 50

Inclusion criteria

Violent offenders of Class A–E Felonies under NC statutes are eligible

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State youth development centers
Davie, Davidson, Forsyth, and Guilford counties
Voluntary
All participants are under court-ordered supervision for 3–12 months following release

National Portrait of SVORI

155

NC DJJDP

CORE Project

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Treatment Team
NC DJJDP
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs
Duration: Varies by sentence, but lasts a
minimum of 6 months
Assessments: NC DJJDP Risk Assessment
and Needs Assessment as well as comprehensive assessments of cognitive abilities,
physical/mental health, substance
use/abuse, family relationships/resources
and educational/vocational achievement,
special needs and interests
Components/services offered within phase:
• A treatment team is assigned to each
juvenile to begin transition planning
and to monitor progress during
Youth Development Center (YDC)
programming
• Court counselors are assigned to participants at YDC intake to help prepare their
transition back to the community and
help network community services and
programs

• Youth participate in the development of
their post-release plans with their treatment team members
• A major emphasis is on enhancing the
educational and vocational training
available at the facilities
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental
services, employment skills/vocational
training, education, life skills training,
anger management, and faith-based
services
• Sex offender treatment and other specialized services are also provided
Coordination of services:
• Treatment team

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition
Duration: 3–12 months

Assessments: NC DJJDP Risk Assessment
• Transition development specialists will be and Needs Assessment
hired at the youth development centers to
Components/services offered within phase:
develop infrastructure and services in
pre-release phase
• Specific targeted services include, as

needed, substance abuse treatment, mental health counseling, medical and dental
services, employment skills/vocational
training, education, faith-based services,
housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic violence resources, life skills
training, and anger management
Coordination of services:
• Court counselors

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support
Duration: : From end of post-release
supervision period to as much as 3 years
Assessments: None
Components/services offered within phase:
• Programs and services from the previous
phase will be maintained as necessary for
the participant
Coordination of services:
• Transition Coordinators and Community
Accountability Boards

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Success of this initiative would be used as a basis for future
reentry program

• SVORI participants will have pre-release contact (starting at
the time of commitment) with the transition coordinators
who provide long-term case management, once their postrelease supervision period ends
• The program is hiring transition development specialists to
help identify community resources and build reentry support infrastructure
• Enhanced educational and vocational training are available
at YDC
• Working groups oversee accountability in the community
through the Center of Community Safety, local universities,
and local community services and programs

156

National Portrait of SVORI

NORTH DAKOTA
North Dakota has two SVORI grantees: one grantee focuses on adults
returning to Cass County (depicted in the map below), and the other
grantee focuses on juveniles returning to the cities of Bismarck and Grand
Forks (also shown). The adult grantee chose to target Cass County after
data analysis showed that a large number of prisoners returning there met
the eligibility criteria. The juvenile grantee targeted Bismack because the
majority of juveniles return to that community. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in North
Dakota over a 24-year period.

SVORI Grantees in North Dakota
• North Dakota Department of
Corrections and Rehabilitation
(DOCR), Division of Field Services
(DFS)
• North Dakota DOCR, Division of
Juvenile Services (DJS)

North Dakota Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

North Dakota SVORI Target Areas

Number of Admissions/Releases

900

Grand Forks

Bismarck
Cass

Admissions
Releases

800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

Juvenile

Adult

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02

Both

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Division of Field
Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Site is maintaining a spreadsheet to track SVORI participants

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Reentry Program

ND DOCR DFS

Reentry Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
101–150

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–35, risk assessment score of 24 or higher (at the time of commitment), history of
violence, current violent offense, aggravating factors or other assessments that in the
discretion of corrections officials deem the person eligible, and free of detainers prior
to release

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Cass County
Mandatory
All participants are under parole supervision
National Portrait of SVORI

157

ND DOCR DFS

Reentry Program

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee

Advisory Board

Post-release reentry authority

NC DOCR DFS

Number of phases

3

Phase 1: Protect and Prepare
Duration: 1–3 months
Assessments: LSI-R
Components/services offered within phase:
• Multi-disciplinary Reentry Team to
review participants’ progress and recommend institutional and community
service needs

Phase 2: Control and Restore

Phase 3: Responsibility and
Productivity
Duration: 4–6 months (depends on length
of sentence; goal is to serve participants 1
year post-release)
Assessments: NC DJJDP Risk Assessment
and Needs Assessment

Duration: Participants remain in the reentry program until the expiration of their
parole
Assessments: LSI-R

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Transition to community corrections
residential program (most participants)

• Case management provided by Parole
Field Officer

• Parole supervision

• Graduated levels of supervision

• Focus on victim restitution

• Graduated levels of supervision

• Adjustments made to plan as needed

• Individualized reentry plan developed by
IPO and participant near time of release
with recommendations from Reentry
Team

• Case management provided by IPO and
Parole Field Officer

• Emphasis on faith-based and family
connections

• Transition to community corrections
residential program (most participants)

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse and mental
health treatment, employment/vocational
skills training, housing assistance, parenting skills training, life skills training,
domestic violence services, anger
management, and ESL

• Case management provided by
Institutional Parole Officer (IPO)

• Completion of recommended educational, treatment, and other institutional
programs
• Review of release plan by Cass County
Screening Team prior to release
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse and mental
health treatment, medical/dental,
employment/vocational (industrial work
program and computer training), education, housing assistance, parenting skills
training, life skills training, domestic
violence treatment, anger management,
financial counseling, faith-based services,
sex offender treatment, violent offender
program, cognitive restructuring, and
family counseling
• Release and continuation in program
dependent on participant progress and
reduction of risk
Coordination of services:
• IPO oversees in-house treatment for
individual cases

158

National Portrait of SVORI

• Community service
• Emphasis on faith-based and family
connections

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed: substance abuse (chemical
Coordination of services:
dependency aftercare, AA/NA) and mental health treatment; employment servic- • Case management provided by Parole
Field Officer
es/vocational training; housing assistance;
financial counseling (including budgeting
to meet child support, victim restitution,
fines/fees requirements); parenting skills
training; life skills training; domestic
violence treatment; anger management;
and ESL
Coordination of services:
• Case is staffed by both IPO and Parole
Field Officer; transition of case from IPO
to Parole Field Officer

ND DOCR DFS

Reentry Program

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased service linkage and collaboration among
providers

• Individualized reentry plan

• Services provided in more timely manner

• IPO fills in gaps in institutional case management and
community transition planning

• A halfway house philosophy that is supportive rather than
controlling and restrictive
• Feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that collaboration is working
• Shared agency protocols

SVORI Grantee: North Dakota DOCR, Division of Juvenile Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Automated case management software that integrates both institutional and community
placement data is being utilized to track offenders from beginning of custody through all
placements, until parental custody is restored or emancipation is granted

Local evaluation planned

North Dakota Association of Counties is conducting a local evaluation

Program name

Juvenile Program

ND DOCR DJS

Juvenile Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
51–100

Inclusion criteria

Ages 13–17 and high probability of re-offending (general eligibility criteria) as determined
by risk/needs assessment

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Youth Correctional Center (YCC)
Cities of Bismarck and Grand Forks
Mandatory
Under custody of ND DOCR DJS

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

None
DJS
3

National Portrait of SVORI

159

ND DOCR DJS

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programming

Juvenile Program

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition Programs

Duration: 9–12 months (entire duration of Duration: 4–12 months
commitment to institution)
Assessments: Assessment conducted upon
Assessments: COMPAS, MAYSI, SJS
admission to Day Treatment; A-COPE
Components/services offered within phase: taken at 3 points in Day Report program;
COMPAS, MAYSI
• Universal enhanced pre-release services to
all juveniles at YCC with focus on educa- Components/services offered within phase:
tional achievement
• Most juveniles participate in either Day
Treatment (school-based) or Day Report
• Increased special education services
Center (operated by nonprofit commu• Enhanced summer school programming
nity partner)
• Risk/needs assessment
• Day Treatment program precedes transition to regular classroom, serving youth
• Case management
in need of structured and graduated
• Transition team to work with family and
reentry to school for 6–12 months;
juvenile to develop treatment and reentry
includes culturally competent service
plans
delivery mechanisms
• Specific targeted services include, as
• Treatment plans reviewed and adjustneeded, substance abuse and mental
ments made every 9 weeks
health assessment and treatment; full
• Day Report Center serves juveniles curmedical and dental services; employrently on probation or under custody
ment/vocational training; life skills trainwho could benefit from added superviing; parenting skills training; anger mansion, structure, and competency/skill
agement; individual, group, and family
development as they transition back to a
counseling; education; multi-cultural
less intensive level of supervision (after
curricula; religious programming; and
school, 16 weeks, 3 levels)
restorative justice programming
• Day Report Center instruction foci
Coordination of services:
include victim empathy, study skills,
• The case manager serves as the transition
anger management, conflict resolution,
team lead member to coordinate and
problem solving, life skills training, career
manage juveniles’ reentry. Case manager
planning, positive recreation, and volunfollows youth from their communities to
teer service
the institutions and back, serving as natu• Conferencing method used to provide
ral bridge from youth to family to comsupport and accountability at Day Report
munity to institution.
Center

• General community resources available
include intensive supervision, treatment
(for substance abuse, physical/sexual
abuse, and mental health), in-home
counseling, employment (diversified
occupations) services, and, foster care
services
• Case management and planning provided
to all participants
Coordination of services:
• The Day Treatment social worker and
DJS case manager review the participants’
treatment plans and coordinate treatment
services

Phase 3: Community-Based-Long
Term Support
Duration: Until termination of the juvenile’s court order
Assessments: COMPAS, MAYSI
Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management
• Focus on self-sufficiency planning,
education, employment/vocational needs,
and independent housing
• Tracking services and intensive in-home
services
Coordination of services:
• DJS case manager continues to oversee
treatment plan; is well acquainted with
resources available and application procedures of child-serving agencies

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased services for youth in Bismarck and Grand Forks
communities

• Enhanced educational services in institution
• Opportunity for gradual transition back to school and
community through Day Treatment program
• Increased programming and support available through Day
Report Center

160

National Portrait of SVORI

OHIO
SVORI Grantees in Ohio
• Ohio Department of Rehabilitation
Ohio has one SVORI grantee focused on adults returning to Cuyahoga,
and Correction (ODRC)
Franklin, and Allen counties (depicted in the map below). Ohio is using
SVORI funds to build on the existing Ohio Reentry Plan by placing an
emphasis on State and local collaboration and by incorporating a full continuum of collaborative partnerships
designed to provide structure, support, and accountability to offenders returning home. The SVORI funds target three
very diverse counties: Cuyahoga has the largest number of offenders and is urban; Franklin is a medium-sized county;
and Allen is small and rural. More than one-third of Ohio’s prison population is from these three counties. The line
chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Ohio over a 24-year period.

Ohio SVORI Target Areas

Ohio Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002
30000
Cleveland

Lima

Allen

Franklin
Columbus

Number of Admissions/Releases

Cuyahoga

Admissions
Releases

25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year
Juvenile

Adult

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections
SVORI website

http://www.drc.state.oh.us/web/offenderreentry.htm

Data management system

There is no SVORI-specific MIS system, but the State of Ohio has several different MIS
systems that contain a wide variety of information. State MIS systems include CCIS
(Community Corrections Information System), DOTS (Departmental Offender Tracking
System), and RAP (Reentry Accountability Plan). The community service providers in
Franklin, Allen, and Cuyahoga counties have access to the above-mentioned system and have
updated capabilities in RAP.

Local evaluation planned

An internal evaluation is planned

Program name

Community-Oriented Reentry Program (CORE)

ODRC

Community-Oriented Reentry Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–35; repeat and violent offenders who have been assessed as “Reentry Intensive”
through their assessment process, released to minimum 1 year parole s
upervision/post-release control, and incarcerated for at least 12 months

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders

Pre-release facilities

One of the following seven selected facilities:
Ohio Reformatory for Women (Marysville)
Franklin Pre-Release Center (women, Columbus)
National Portrait of SVORI

161

ODRC

Community-Oriented Reentry Program

TARGET POPULATION
Northeast Pre-Release Center (women, Cleveland)
Richland Correctional Institution (Mansfield)
Ross Correctional Institution (Chillicothe)
Pickaway Correctional Institution (Orient)
Allen Correctional Institution (Lima)
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Allen, Cuyahoga, and Franklin counties
Voluntary
All Offenders are released under a minimum of 1 year parole supervision/PRC

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

State-Level Committee
Division of Parole and Community Services
3

Phase 1: Pre-release
Duration: 10–12 months before release

• A Reentry Management Team, consisting
of a community case manager, an institutional case manager, a parole officer,
family members, and appropriate treatment staff, meets with each participant
monthly to provide services, support,
and resources

Assessments: Following an initial screening
to determine eligibility, risk and needs
assessments are conducted for those who
agree to participate. Mental health and
substance abuse assessments by commu- • Community case management is handled
nity providers are conducted immediately
by Community Connections in Allen and
prior to release.
Franklin counties and by Community
Re-Entry in Cuyahoga County
Components/services offered within phase:
• Reentry Accountability Plan tailored to
the individual risks and needs of each
participant is developed with participants, team members, family members,
and victims, and is signed by each participant and Reentry Plan Coordinator
• Offenders linked to resources such as
medical care, substance abuse services,
mental health services, and housing
before release

162

National Portrait of SVORI

• All released offenders (including nonSVORI participants) participate in
required core curriculum
• Participants meet monthly with community service providers, team members,
and family members in the prison
through in-person visits
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment, mental health counseling, medical services,

dental services, employment skills/vocational training, education, housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic
violence prevention and intervention, life
skills training, anger management, faithbased programming, and victim/family
issues services
Coordination of services:
• ODRC is responsible for coordinating
services, in conjunction with the participants, family members, institution case
managers, parole officers, community
case managers, and community service
providers

ODRC

Phase 2: Post-release
Duration: 12 months
Assessments: STATIC
Components/services offered within phase:
• Participants meet with community case
manager and parole officer (PO) within
72 hours of release
• Participants meet monthly (or more
often, if desired by the participant) with
the Community Reentry Management
Team (which includes family members,
faith-based organizations, and other
community members) for at least 6
months, with meetings decreasing in frequency as progress is made

Community-Oriented Reentry Program
needed, substance abuse treatment, mental health counseling, medical services,
dental services, employment skills/vocational training, education, housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic
violence prevention and intervention, life
skills training, anger management, faithbased programming, and victim/family
issues services
Coordination of services:
• ODRC is responsible for coordinating
services in conjunction with participants,
family members, parole officers, community case managers, and community service providers
• A dedicated staff member works to create
partnerships with community service
providers

• Community case management is handled
by Community Connection in Allen and
Franklin counties and by Community ReEntry in Cuyahoga County

Phase 3: Post-supervision

• PO has a minimum of five contacts per
month with each participant

Duration: Begins after 1 year on parole or
when post-release control ends

• Financial assistance is provided for housing, work equipment, rental assistance,
and obtaining identification

Assessments: As needed

• Allen County operates a reentry court
• Specific targeted services include, as

Components/services offered within phase:
• Community providers continue to support and engage offenders discharged
from community supervision

• Community Case Management is handled by Community Connection in Allen
and Franklin counties and by
Community Reentry in Cuyahoga
County
• Services they may receive include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment, mental health counseling, medical services,
dental services, employment skills/vocational training, education, housing assistance, parenting skills training, domestic
violence prevention and intervention, life
skills training, anger management, faithbased programming, and victim/family
issues services
Coordination of services:
• Community Connection and
Community Reentry are responsible for
coordinating services in conjunction with
the participants, family members, and
community service agencies
• Dedicated staff members work to create
and sustain partnerships with community service providers, community action
groups, local law enforcement, and faith
community

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Use of technologies such as video-conferencing to put
participants in touch with outside resources while still
incarcerated

• Focus on the reentry process as soon as incarceration
begins

• New level of cooperation among agencies, including joint
mission statements, shared protocols, and mechanisms
for feedback
• Use of community accountability panel to facilitate
successful reentry

• Development of Reentry Management Teams that are
specific to each participant
• Inclusion of family and victims in reentry planning
• One-on-one contact with service providers both in the
prisons and in the community
• Earlier PO assignments (10–12 months prior to release)
with more intensive contacts
• Community case manager assigned prior to release
• Priority status in release planning for participants
• Access to specialized types of services, such as rental assistance, not available to other recently released prisoners

National Portrait of SVORI

163

OKLAHOMA
SVORI Grantees in Oklahoma
• Oklahoma Department of
Oklahoma has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults returning to
Corrections (OK DOC)
Oklahoma County and one focused on juveniles returning to Oklahoma,
Logan, Cleveland, Canadian, and Pottawatomie counties (depicted in the
• Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs
map below). Oklahoma County was selected as the target post-release geo(OK OJA)
graphic area for adults because it leads all 77 Oklahoma counties in index
crime rate and ranks second in incarceration rate. The five targeted postrelease counties were chosen for juveniles because of their proximity to the local evaluator. The line chart below
provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Oklahoma over a 24-year period.
Oklahoma SVORI Target Areas

Oklahoma Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Logan
Oklahoma City

Canadian Oklahoma
Cleveland Pottawatomie

Juvenile

Adult

Number of Admissions/Releases

9000

Both

Admissions
Releases

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Oklahoma Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

OK DOC has a database in which SVORI participants are flagged, as are offenders who
were eligible but refused

Local evaluation planned

OK DOC is conducting an in-house evaluation

Program name

Partnership for Reintegration of Offenders Through Employment and Community
Treatment in Oklahoma County (PROTECT)—Oklahoma County

OK DOC

PROTECT—Oklahoma County

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–35, high risk (scored above 29 on the LSI-R), and incarcerated for more than
12 months

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

164

Male and female adults

National Portrait of SVORI

All State and contract prisons, community corrections centers, and community work centers
Oklahoma County
Voluntary
Approximately half on probation or parole supervision; approximately half not under
supervision (max-outs)

OK DOC

PROTECT—Oklahoma County

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Statewide PROTECT Steering Committee
No reentry authority
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support

Duration: 3–6 months

Duration: 90 days

Assessments: LSI-R assesses risk and
needs; ASUS and MAPP determine need
for treatment services; TABE assesses
education level; Static-99 is an assessment
for sex offenders; and a psychological
evaluation

Assessments: LSI-R

Duration: 21–33 months (24–36 months
post-release)

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase

• Transition worker transitions with particComponents/services offered within phase:
ipant to Phase 2, enhancing continuity
of care
• Transition worker transitions with participant to Phase 3
• Weekly contact with transition worker

• Participant assigned transition worker
from community organization based
on needs

• Case management by transition worker

• Transition worker helps participant
obtain birth certificate, social security
card, social security income, veteran’s
benefits, housing, bus tokens, and
vocational training pre-release

• Mentor from faith-based organization
who continues working with participant

• Monitoring of service receipt by transition worker

• Case management by transition worker
up to 1 year post-release
• Offender continues to receive appropriate
community services initiated in Phase 2
• Community agencies continue to document contacts and progress/problems

• PROTECT-specific support groups

• Mentor from faith-based organization
• Supervision by PROTECT-specific probacontinues working with participant
tion
officer
for
offenders
released
on
• Mentor from faith-based organization
• Probation/parole officer supervises
probation
begins working with participant
offenders released under supervision
• Specific targeted services include, as
• Transition team formed by the instituneeded, substance abuse treatment, men- Coordination of services:
tional case manager, transition worker,
tal health counseling, medical services,
• Transition worker coordinates services
and participant
employment skills/vocational training,
for first year in the community
• Intensive case management provided by
education, housing assistance, parenting
• Program staff from community correctransition worker
skills training, domestic violence services,
tions coordinate services at the aggregate
batterer intervention, life skills training,
• Family members included in reentry
level
anger management, faith-based services,
planning process
legal aid, financial assistance for
• Specific targeted services include, as
school/vo-tech, assistance with electricity
needed, substance abuse treatment, menand utility bills, food stamps, job placetal health counseling, medical and dental
ment, bus passes and other transportaservices, employment skills/vocational
tion services, family services, ABE/GED
training, education, parenting skills trainprogram, computer resources, reintegraing, domestic violence services, life skills
tion workshops (goal setting, self-esteem
training, anger management, cognitivebuilding, employability skills developbehavioral therapy (Thinking for a
ment), and screening and referral for
Change), faith-based services, job interinfectious diseases
views via videoconferencing, visitation
Coordination of services:
assistance for families, and sex offender
treatment
• Program staff from Community
Corrections coordinate services at the
Coordination of services:
aggregate level
• Transition worker and transition team
coordinate services at the individual level

National Portrait of SVORI

165

OK DOC

PROTECT—Oklahoma County

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Greater communication and coordination of services
among OK DOC and community agencies, especially the
two workforce offices and the mental health and substance
abuse treatment providers

• Transition worker to coordinate services and provide intensive case management

• Greater communication between OK DOC and
Community Corrections
• Regular communication among program staff from
Community Corrections, supervision officers, and transition workers

• Transition worker in-reach 6 months pre-release
• Post-release services lined up while participant is still
incarcerated
• Regular communication between transition worker and
supervision officer
• Support groups exclusively for PROTECT participants

• Program staff from Community Corrections to monitor
service availability and coordinate services at the system
level
• One probation officer for all PROTECT participants on
probation

SVORI Grantee: Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Three databases in which SVORI participants can be identified; one SVORI-specific
database (developed and maintained by local evaluator)

Local evaluation planned

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) is conducting the local evaluation

Program name

Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative

OK OJA

Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 12–20 and must have a primary caregiver (regardless of biological relationship)

Exclusion criteria

Youth who are suicidal, homicidal, or psychotic; youth who are living independently

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation

All secure juvenile institutions and level E secure facilities
Five counties in the Oklahoma City metroplex: Oklahoma, Logan, Cleveland,
Canadian, and Pottawatomie
Voluntary

Legal release status

All youth under supervision (comparable to probation/parole) until released by court

Steering committee

Yes

Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

166

Male and female juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

Office of Juvenile Affairs (OJA)
3

OK OJA

Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Coordination of services:

Duration: 6–18 months

Assessments: YLSI readministered;
Adapted version of National Youth Survey;
CBCL-parent report; MST model includes
ongoing assessment process

Assessments: YLSI assesses risk and needs

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• SVORI Project Director meets with
offender, offender’s family, institution
staff, probation/parole officer, evaluator,
advocate defender, and post-release
service providers

• JJS coordinates offender-level services
for CARS group; JJS and MST provider
coordinate offender-level services for
MST group

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs

• Case management by Juvenile Justice
Specialist (JJS) from Juvenile Services
Unit of OJA (comparable to
probation/parole)
• Treatment plan developed by institution
staff

• Offender is randomly assigned to
one of two treatment interventions:
Multisystemic Therapy (MST) or standard Oklahoma probation services
(Community At-Risk Services [CARS])

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical and
• MST group receives structured, systemic
dental services, employment skills/vocaaftercare with intensive family involvetional training, education, parenting skills
ment and closer monitoring. Services
training, life skills training, aggression
address juvenile’s risks and needs in five
replacement, faith-based services, family
domains: individual, family, peer, school,
counseling, recreational therapy, health
and community.
education, mentoring, and sex offender
treatment
• CARS group receives available services,
which can include individual counseling,
• No SVORI-specific pre-release services or
general life skills training, parenting skills
programming
training, and family counseling
Coordination of services:
• Individualized treatment plan developed
• Institution staff coordinates services
by MST or CARS provider

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition (pre- and postrelease)

• Case management by JJS

Duration: Pre-release component is 1
month. Post-release component is 3–6
months.

• Supervision by JJS continues until
offender is released for custody by court

• Intensive supervision by JJS for first 30
days post-release

• Project Director coordinates initial
meeting with key players at beginning
of Phase 2

• OJA coordinates system-level services

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support
Duration: Varies (6–24 months on average); function of the length of postrelease supervision period, which can last
up to 2 years
Assessments: Adapted version of National
Youth Survey; CBCL-parent report
Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management and supervision by JJS
(for offenders still under supervision in
Phase 3)
• Follow-up data collection activities at 6
months and 12 months post-release
Coordination of services:
• University of Oklahoma Health Sciences
Center (OUHSC) evaluation staff coordinate follow-up data collection activities

• JJS brokers services, monitors service
use, and reports delinquency to courts

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Contract with OUHSC for evaluation; OUHSC contracted
service provider to hire and train MST therapists

• Comprehensive, integrated services for offenders in MST
group

• Use of MST for aftercare
• Communication and collaboration between MST therapist
and Juvenile Services Unit for case management and service
coordination

National Portrait of SVORI

167

OREGON

SVORI Grantees in Oregon
• Oregon Department of Corrections
(OR DOC)

Oregon has one SVORI grantee focused on adult males and juveniles
adjudicated as adults (youthful offenders) returning to Marion and
Multnomah counties (depicted in the map below). The grantee targeted these counties because of the high number of
prisoners returning to those communities who are identified as Security Threat Group (STG) or gang members. The
line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Oregon over a 24-year period.
Oregon SVORI Target Areas

Oregon Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

7000

Multnomah
Marion

Admissions
Releases

6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

Juvenile

Adult

78

Both

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Oregon Department of Corrections
SVORI website

http://www.doc.state.or.us/oam/reentry.shtml

Data management system

OR DOC has an MIS that identifies SVORI participants and is integrated with the reentry
authority’s information system. Oregon Department of Justice has an automated database
for STGs that identifies SVORI participants.

Local evaluation planned

The Research and Evaluation Unit of the DOC is conducting the local evaluation

Program name

Going Home Initiative

OR DOC

Going Home Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–35, identified as STG/gang affiliated, and adjudicated as adults

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

168

Male adults and juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

Statewide adult prisons, transferred to one of three adult prisons once enrolled,
and juveniles from specific youth facility (MacLaren Youth Authority)
Marion and Multnomah counties
Mandatory
All offenders are released under Oregon Board of Parole and Post-Prison Supervision

OR DOC

Going Home Initiative

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Statewide Reentry Team
Oregon Board of Parole and Post-prison Supervision
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs Phase
(pre-release)

• Removal of visible gang tattoos

Duration: 4–6 months

• Inclusion of offender’s family members
in release planning

Assessments: Risk assessment (including
STG identification); needs assessment;
assessment of criminal attitudes

• Full engagement of offender in release
planning process

• Case management by corrections
counselor (pre-release) and parole and
probation officer (post-release); ongoing
Components/services offered within phase:
case management and supervision by
• Case management by institution
multidisciplinary team
counselor
• Continuation of community-based
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, medical and dental services,
substance abuse treatment, mental health
treatment and services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
GED, parenting skills training, domestic
violence training, family reintegration,
housing assistance, life skills training,
anger management, cognitive/behavioral
programs that address criminal thinking
issues (Thinking for a Change), and
faith-based services

mentoring

Phase 3: Long-Term Support Phase
(post-release)
Duration: At least 12 months from the
date of release
Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase
Components/services offered within phase:
• Resources targeted at establishing
networks of support that will be
sustained in the absence of criminal
justice supervision

• Continuation of community-based
• Enhanced supervision, including frequent
mentoring
home visits by parole officer; enhanced
• In Marion County, increased monitoring
monitoring with surveillance and
of program compliance and continued
communication equipment
supervision of offenders by parole
• Structured and graduated sanctions for
officers to help develop community ties,
violations of supervision/program
use of restorative justice programs, and
compliance
guarantee that offenders receive needed
• Continuity of care enhanced by
programs and services
continuing programming started in
• Reduced level of supervision
institution (e.g., Thinking for a Change,
• Strong focus on employment, alcohol
Life Skills, GED, mental health, alcohol,
Coordination of services:
and drug treatment, mental health, and
or drug services)
• Institution counselor/case manager to
housing
• Specific targeted services include, as
coordinate services
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
needed, aftercare treatment services,
mental health counseling, medical and
Phase 2: Community Transition
educational services, employment and
dental services, employment skills/
Phase (pre- and posthousing stabilization, and involvement
vocational training, education, housing
release)
of faith-based and community
assistance, domestic violence services,
organizations
Duration: 16–9 months pre-release; first
life skills training, anger management,
few months on supervision (post-release)
faith-based services, mentoring, job
Coordination of services:
placement, transportation, victim
Assessments: Risk and needs assessments
• Existing community resources better
services, and sex offender treatment
aligned and used to serve the target
Components/services offered within phase:
Coordination of services:
population by fostering linkages and
• Reach-in by local law enforcement
accessing available services
• Case manager (corrections counselor/
(particularly probation and parole
parole officer) coordinates communicaofficers), community service providers,
tion with community partners and
faith-based organizations, and
handles individual offender case
employment specialists
management
• Use of community volunteers as mentors
• In-facility Transition Employment
• Multidisciplinary team assigned to each
Specialists assist corrections counselor
offender; provides ongoing case
and parole and probation officer
management and supervision
• Multidisciplinary community team
• Pre-release transfer to a reentry facility in
facilitates coordination of services
a correctional setting
National Portrait of SVORI

169

OR DOC

Going Home Initiative

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Multi-disciplinary collaborations

• Direct involvement of the offender in reentry planning

• Reach-in by outside agencies for transition planning—
prisons have made it easier for service providers and
supervision officers from the community to get past
security to work with incarcerated offenders

• Offender-specific teams

• Increased continuity of care for offenders reentering the
community

• Pre-qualification for medical benefits

• Use of digital cameras, global positioning equipment,
electronic monitoring, and surveillance equipment to
ensure appropriate whereabouts of offenders
• Community one-stops
• Increased use of faith-based service providers in the
community

170

National Portrait of SVORI

• Proactive tattoo removal
• Encouragement of voter registration for released offenders

PENNSYLVANIA

SVORI Grantees in Pennsylvania
• Pennsylvania Department of
Corrections (PA DOC)

Pennsylvania has one SVORI grantee focused on adults returning to Erie
County (depicted in the map below). Erie County was targeted for a number
of reasons. In 1999, it was fourth among Pennsylvania counties in the number of new court commitments, and the 1-year
recidivism rate was 36% higher than the Department average for offenders released in 1995. Erie also faces significant
socioeconomic challenges, including high unemployment rates, manufacturing declines, and poverty rates. The line chart
below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Pennsylvania over a 24-year period.
Pennsylvania SVORI Target Areas

Pennsylvania Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Erie

Philadelphia

Juvenile

Number of Admissions/Releases

16000
14000

Admissions
Releases

12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000

Both

Adult

0
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Pennsylvania Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

SVORI participants can be flagged in PA DOC database. PA DOC, parole, and community
corrections all have their own databases. Data transfer is not automated. Community-based
service providers are responsible for collecting much of the service data on SVORI
participants for PA DOC.

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Erie, PA Reentry Program (EPRP)

PA DOC

Erie, PA Reentry Program (EPRP)

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–35; eligible for parole or reparole (i.e., inmates completing maximum sentence not
eligible); have a minimum release date or reparole date on or before August 31, 2005;
individuals with highest LSI-R scores and repeat offenders given priority for selection

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Statewide adult prisons; all participants transferred to Albion (males) or Cambridge Springs
(females) secure correctional institutions prior to beginning SVORI programming
Erie County
Entry is voluntary. However, once offender agrees to participate and enrolls in program,
program participation and completion become a special Condition of Release.
All participants are on parole or re-parole
National Portrait of SVORI

171

PA DOC

Erie, PA Reentry Program (EPRP)

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Statewide Reentry Steering Committee and three formal subcommittees
Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole (PBPP)
3

Phase 1: Institutional Phase
Duration: 3–6 months

addressing employability, spirituality,
alcohol and drugs, and money
management

Assessments: LSI-R assesses needs and risk
of reoffending; TABE assesses English,
math, and reading skills; TCU assesses
alcohol and/or drug abuse and dependence; PACT assesses institutional risk to
determine the amount of management
that will be needed for offender

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, education, employment
skills/vocational training, community
work program, substance use treatment,
mental health counseling, parenting and
family counseling, support groups,
medical services, sex offender treatment,
Components/services offered within phase:
batterer intervention, violence
• Case management by Community Service prevention, victim awareness, anger
management, citizenship, character
Specialist (CSS) from sole-sourced
development, Thinking for a Change
community service provider, Greater Erie
(cognitive therapy), religious services,
Community Action Committee (GECAC)
and faith-based activities
• Integrated case management by
Coordination of services:
Transition Team, which comprises the
EPRP Project Director, the CSS, the
• CSS, from community-based service
Corrections Counselor, the Institutional
provider, to coordinate services
Parole Representative, any pertinent
• Institutional Transition Team to facilitate
program staff, and the Mentor, when
service coordination
designated

• Transition Team works with offender to
develop an Individual Strategic Plan
(release plan)
• Formal mentoring programming
• Reentry workbook for participant to
track goals, services, and program
completion
• Supervision and accountability
monitoring by Corrections Counselor
• CSS engages offender's family in reentry
planning process and links participant
and family to community resources
• Community Orientation and
Reintegration, a two-week course

172

National Portrait of SVORI

Phase 2: Transition Phase
Duration: Average is 60–90 days
Assessments: Readministration of the
LSI-R, as appropriate; random urinalysis
and breath alcohol testing

participant to develop Prescriptive
Program Plan
• Intensive supervision and accountability
and compliance monitoring by
Community Corrections Center and
Parole Agent
• Rewards for compliance include personal
time away from the Center, later curfews,
and furloughs to an approved site
• Continued use of reentry workbook
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, education; employment
skills/vocational training; substance use
treatment; mental health treatment;
family reintegration/reunification;
services for family members; housing
assistance; transportation to service
providers; support groups; sex offender
treatment; batterer intervention; anger
management; time management, money
management, and good citizenship skills
development
Coordination of services:
• CSS to coordinate services and Transition
Team to facilitate service coordination

• Subcommittee involvement facilitates
building of linkages in community and
Components/services offered within phase:
connections to resources
• Participant paroled to Community
• Statewide Steering Committee
Corrections Center; CSS and Mentor
responsible for resolving interagency
transition with participant
policy issues or procedural conflicts
• Primary case management by CSS;
integrated case management by Transition Team (CSS, Center Counselor, Parole
Agent, GECAC Project Director, and any
pertinent program staff), who work with

PA DOC

Phase 3: Aftercare
Duration: Up to 2 years from the date
the participant enters the Community
Corrections Center
Assessments: Re-administration of the
LSI-R, as appropriate; random urinalysis
and breath alcohol testing; Self-Sufficiency
Scale to assess the participant’s progress
toward becoming self-sufficient

Erie, PA Reentry Program (EPRP)
• Intensive supervision and monitoring by
Parole Agent
• Participation in PBPP’s Parole Reentry
Program as a step-down from the
Community Corrections Center

• Services and programming include
(as appropriate) education; employment
skills/vocational training; other
employment services; inpatient, intensive
outpatient, and outpatient substance use
Components/services offered within phase:
treatment; mental health treatment;
• Participant released to community
services to address family’s reintegration/
reunification needs; parenting skills
• CSS and Mentor transition with
training; housing assistance; transportaparticipant
tion to service providers; support groups;
• Case management by CSS
mentoring

• Transition Team has ultimate authority to
approve participant’s discharge from
program
Coordination of services:
• CSS coordinates individualized long-term
aftercare services
• Subcommittee involvement facilitates
building of linkages in community and
connections to resources
• Statewide Steering Committee
responsible for resolving interagency
policy issues or procedural conflicts

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Contracting with one community-based vendor (GECAC)
to provide case management and coordinate services in all
phases, greatly enhancing continuity of care

• Assigning each participant a CSS responsible for primary
case management throughout all phases

• Addressing gaps in post-release services such as housing
assistance
• Allocating project-specific parole agent to supervise
participants in community
• Using statewide and community-level committees to
facilitate interagency collaboration and communication

• Forming participant-specific transition teams that include
staff from the institution and the community to work with
participant in pre- and post-release phases
• Developing individualized strategic plan tailored to
participant’s needs and including participant in
planning/development process
• Linking participant to community agencies prior to release
• Involving participant’s family in reentry process
• Assigning participant a trained mentor from community
and encouraging participant to have ongoing contact with
mentor
• Enhanced monitoring of participant in pre- and postrelease phases

National Portrait of SVORI

173

RHODE ISLAND

SVORI Grantees in Rhode Island
• Rhode Island Department of
Corrections (RI DOC)

Rhode Island has one SVORI grantee with two administratively separate
programs: one focused on juveniles returning statewide and one focused on
adults returning to the City of Providence (depicted in the map below). Adult offenders are under the authority of RI
DOC, and juvenile offenders are under the authority of the Department of Children, Youth and Families (DCYF). RI
DOC is using its share of funding to develop and implement a reentry program for adult offenders in Rhode Island,
nearly 25% of whom return to central Providence. An additional 11% are returning to other Providence neighborhoods. DCYF is using the SVORI funds to enhance an existing juvenile reentry program that began in 1997 in the form
of Project Hope. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Rhode
Island over a 24-year period.
Rhode Island SVORI Target Areas

Rhode Island Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Providence

Adults in zip codes
02905, 02907,
02908, 02909

Number of Admissions/Releases

4000
3500

Admissions
Releases

3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0

Juvenile

Adult

Both

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Rhode Island Department of Corrections
SVORI website
Data management system

The RI DOC MIS department manages INFACTS, the database used to generate a daily report
of potentially eligible offenders. The Family Life Center additionally screens those identified
via interviews and then maintains a database to track program-specific information.

Local evaluation planned

The RI DOC Planning and Research Unit will work to support and assist any outside
evaluation that is completed

Program names

174

None

National Portrait of SVORI

Challenging Offenders to Maintain Positive Associations and Social Stability
(COMPASS)—Adult
Challenging Offenders to Maintain Positive Associations and Social Stability
(COMPASS)—Juvenile

RI DOC: PROGRAM 1

COMPASS—Adult

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Age 35 or under at time of release, convicted of a violent offense or an offense categorized
by a high risk of recidivating, released from a period of sentenced incarceration, and
discharged via sentence expiration, probation, or parole

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Four zip codes in Providence: 02905, 02907, 02908, 02909; expanded as of April 2004 to the
entire City of Providence
Voluntary
Most (>90%) under probation or parole supervision

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee

Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Rhode Island has adopted a three-tier organizational structure. Tier One serves as the steering
committee and is a high-level problem-solving group. Tier Two consists of Senior Executive
Management and responds to gaps in services and barriers to offenders receipt of services as
identified by Tier Three. Tier Three is the implementation committee and meets biweekly to
address ground-level programmatic issues.
Court is authority for probationers; Parole Board is authority for parolees
3

Phase 1: Institutional Programming Phase

Phase 2: Transition Phase

Duration: 7–9 months

Duration: 9 months (3 months pre-release to 6 months postrelease)

Assessments: Screened for eligibility within 30 days of
sentencing; LSI-R; CPI; TABE; social history questionnaire

Assessments: LSI-R

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Development of institutional program plan by participants
within 30 days of sentencing

• Transition Accountability Plan developed and revised by CLC
and offender and reviewed by all key players during monthly
Reentry Team Meetings

• Case management by Community Living Consultant from
Family Life Center, newly formed post-release one-stop agency
• Initiation of reentry planning

• Case management by Community Living Consultants and
community-based treatment team from Family Life Center

• Involvement of family in reentry planning process

• Family involvement in reentry process

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health treatment, medical and dental
services, employment skills/
vocational training, education, housing assistance, parenting
skills training, domestic violence services, life skills training,
anger management, faith-based services, and violence
prevention programs

• Housing of COMPASS-specific probation officers at Family
Life Center

Coordination of services:
• Coordination of services by Community Living Consultant

• Intensive supervision and monitoring by Community Living
Consultants and probation/parole officer
• Peer mentoring by successful ex-offenders
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health treatment, employment
skills/vocational training, education, housing assistance,
parenting skills training, faith-based services and mentoring,
family counseling, “family/friends” groups, assistance with
public transportation, and victims’ services

National Portrait of SVORI

175

RI DOC: PROGRAM 1
Coordination of services:
• One-stop agency, Family Life Center, responsible for assessing
participants’ needs, providing appropriate services/
coordinating referrals, and monitoring participants in
collaboration with Probation and Parole authorities

Phase 3: Stabilization Phase
Duration: 18 months
Assessments: LSI-R readministered
Components/services offered within phase:
• Modification, as needed, of Transition Accountability Plan
• Case management by Community Living Consultants and
community-based treatment team from Family Life Center

COMPASS—Adult
• The Providence Police Department provides support and
assistance to Probation Officers when necessary and may
accompany the Probation Officers during home visits
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health treatment, employment
skills/vocational training, education, housing assistance,
parenting skills training, faith-based services and mentoring,
family counseling, “family/friends” groups, and victims’ services
Coordination of services:
• One-stop agency responsible for assessing participants’ needs,
providing appropriate services/coordinating referrals, and
supervising participants in conjunction with Probation and
Parole authorities

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Formal Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with State
agencies to provide post-release services in employment,
substance abuse, mental health, and housing; MOU with
multi-service community based agency to provide case
management; MOU with DCYF for Juvenile Reentry Court

• Intensive reentry planning beginning approximately
6 months prior to discharge

• Start-up of one-stop facility provides easier access to
services and greatly enhances continuity of care

• Enhanced case management by Community Living
Consultants and treatment team

• Collaboration between supervising authorities
(Probation/Parole) and law enforcement

• More intensive supervision

• Two COMPASS-specific Probation and Parole Officers
• Cross-system reentry meetings
• Victim Services Coordinator provides training to staff and
support to victims and offenders
• Formation of Victims’ Advisory Board for the Family Life
Center
• Faith-based mentoring program

176

National Portrait of SVORI

• Involvement of family in all phases
• Greater access to needed services

• Community Living Consultant from Family Living Center;
transitions with participant through all phases, greatly
enhancing continuity of care

RI DOC: PROGRAM 2

COMPASS—Juvenile

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–21. In Rhode Island, high-risk juvenile offenders already receive reentry
programming as part of Project Hope, which is a program funded by a SAMHSA grant.
The SVORI funds are being used only for the creation of a reentry court and MIS
enhancements. The reentry court serves juveniles returning to the post-release geographical
target area.

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All participants from Rhode Island Training School (RITS), the sole secure corrections facility
for youth in RI
Statewide
Voluntary, unless court ordered
All participants under the supervision of the Juvenile Reentry Court and the Family Court

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Statewide Reentry Steering Committee; program-level COMPASS Implementation
Committee (same committees for adult and juvenile programs)
Reentry Court/Reentry Magistrate
3

Phase 1: Institutional Programming Phase

Phase 2: Transition Phase

Duration: 6–9 months

Duration: 9–15 months (3 months
pre-release; up to 12 months post-release)

Assessments: Risk and needs assessments
Components/services offered within phase:
• Community Planning Team, comprising the youth, youth’s
family, youth’s informal support network, Family Service
Coordinator, and significant community providers, such as
mentor, job coach, and clinical social worker; develops youthspecific Individual Treatment Plan
• Assigned RITS clinical social worker who maintains daily
contact with youth, family, and/or service providers throughout youth’s transition to community
• Integrated case management by Clinical Team
• Clinical social worker ensures implementation of Individual
Treatment Plan
• Supervision and monitoring by Reentry Court
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health treatment, medical and dental
services, employment skills/
vocational training, education, housing assistance, parenting
skills training, life skills training, anger management,
faith-based services, and mentoring
Coordination of services:
• RITS clinical social worker and treatment team to coordinate
services

Assessments: Strength-based assessment by Family Service
Coordinator
Components/services offered within phase:
• Community Planning Team, comprising the youth, youth’s
family, youth’s informal support network, Family Service
Coordinator, and significant community providers, such as
mentor, job coach, clinician, and case manager; develops
youth-specific Individual Treatment Plan
• Assigned RITS clinical social worker maintains daily contact
with youth, family, probation officer and/or service providers
throughout youth’s transition to community
• Integrated case management by Community Planning Team
• Case manager ensures implementation of Discharge Plan and
Project Hope Case Plan
• Supervision and monitoring by Reentry Court and Family
Court
• Specific targeted services include, as needed, substance abuse
treatment, mental health treatment, medical and dental
services, employment skills/
vocational training, education, housing assistance, parenting
skills training, life skills training, anger management,
faith-based services, and mentoring

National Portrait of SVORI

177

RI DOC: PROGRAM 2
Coordination of services:
• Family Service Coordinators to coordinate services for all
juvenile offenders

Phase 3: Stabilization Phase
Duration: 12–18 months
Assessments: No specific assessments used in this phase
Components/services offered within phase:
• Probation Officer and Project Hope Case Manager maintain
daily contact with youth
• Integrated case management by Community Planning Team

COMPASS—Juvenile
• Supervision and monitoring by Reentry Court and Family
Court
• Graduated sanctions for non-compliance
• Specific community-based services, including (as appropriate)
substance abuse treatment, mental health treatment, medical
and dental services, employment skills/vocational training,
education, housing assistance, parenting skills training, life
skills training, anger management, faith-based services, and
mentoring
Coordination of services:
• Family Service Coordinators and Probation Officers to
coordinate services for all juvenile offenders

• Project Hope case plan reviewed and modified, as needed
• Services and supports funded through traditional and nontraditional resources, such as Medicaid and wraparound
funding, respectively
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Juvenile Reentry Court

• Greater accountability of juvenile offenders because of
Reentry Court

Design changes in MIS to capture data on reentry
programming

178

National Portrait of SVORI

• Reentry Magistrate provides greater consistency in dealing
with offenders

SOUTH CAROLINA

SVORI Grantees in South Carolina
• South Carolina Department of
Corrections (SCDC)
• South Carolina Department of
Juvenile Justice (SC DJJ)

South Carolina has two SVORI grantees: one is focused on adults returning
statewide, and the other is focused on juveniles returning to Orangeburg,
Dorchester, Calhoun, Florence, and Spartanburg counties (depicted in the
map below). These counties were targeted for juveniles because each county
had already established a team and because of the large number of juveniles returning there. The line chart below
provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in South Carolina over a 24-year period.
South Carolina SVORI Target Areas

South Carolina Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Spartanburg

Florence
Columbia

Calhoun
Orangeburg
Dorchester

Number of Admissions/Releases

12000

Charleston

Admissions
Releases

10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Juvenile

Adult

Both

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: South Carolina Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Automated MIS in use; SVORI-specific database under development

Local evaluation planned

DOC’s Resource Information and Management is conducting an internal evaluation

Program name

Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative

SCDC

Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 17–35, prior criminal history. One of the seven transition sites is targeting sex offenders,
particularly substance abusers in the sex offender population; the other six sites are targeting
violent and/or high-risk offenders as determined by risk/needs assessments.

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities

Offenders can come from any of seven participating institutions (called “transition sites”)

Post-release locations

Statewide

Participation

Voluntary

Legal release status

All participants are either on Probation or Parole supervision

National Portrait of SVORI

179

SCDC

Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Yes
SC Department of Probation, Parole, and Pardon Services (SCDPPPS) and the SC Parole
Board (SCPB)
3

Phase 1: Preparation for Reentry
Duration: 18 months (on average; up to
3 years)
Assessments: Using the Reception and
Evaluation process to assess risk at the
beginning of sentence (in the process of
being validated) and an intake form
(structured interview) to assess needs

vocational training, education, housing
assistance, parenting skills training,
domestic violence prevention and
intervention, life skills training, anger
management, faith-based services,
mentoring, cognitive thinking programs,
job placement, gender-specific
programming (female institution), and
sex offender treatment (one institution)

Components/services offered within phase: • Focus on partnership with employment
services and vocational rehabilitation
• Orientation
• Provision of standard curriculum
augmented with services/programs
targeting individualized needs
• Transition Coordinators in each facility
• Transition Team (Coordinator, SCDPPPS
representative, a classification caseworker,
Reentry Committee members, institutional staff, the participant, and a
member of the participant's family);
develops individualized reentry plan
• Reentry Committees established in
various participating areas (include
agency, family, and victim representatives)
• Family meetings
• Supervision agent; meets with participant
90 days prior to release to discuss reentry
plans
• Participant leaves prison with information packet containing necessary legal
documents, post-release appointments
and contacts, and community resources
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health services, medical and
dental services, employment skills/

180

National Portrait of SVORI

Coordination of services:
• The Classification Case Manager refers
participant to Transition Coordinator.
Reentry plan is reviewed and the case
manager and coordinator work together
to assist the participant in meeting
his/her needs. Each offender has a
Transition Team, which includes a
transition coordinator, a representative
from SCDPPS, a classification
caseworker, other Reentry Committee
members, appropriate institutional staff,
the offender, and a member of the
offender’s family.

Phase 2: Coordination and Service
Referral
Duration: Up to 3 years
Assessments: LSI-R; risk assessment
used to determine graduated levels of
supervision
Components/services offered within phase:
• Participant is required to contact
SCDPPPS within 24 hours of release to
the community to continue the reentry
program

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health services, medical services,
employment skills/vocational training,
education, housing assistance, parenting
skills training, domestic violence
prevention and intervention, life skills
training, anger management, faith-based
services, mentoring, and transportation
Coordination of services:
• Case management plan used to direct
services in conjunction with other
community agencies; Transition
Coordinator works with local PPP offices
in areas to which offenders return to
coordinate services with community
agencies and manage transition from
prison to the community

Phase 3: Support Services
Duration: 18 months
Assessments: May use LSI-R (final
decision pending)
Components/services offered within phase:
• Participants continue receiving treatment
and other services, as needed
Coordination of services:
• SCDPPPS and SCDC will continue to
communicate with the community
organizations to assess the participant’s
progress and need for additional
resources

SCDC

Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Continued collaboration of agencies to remove barriers that
prevent ex-offenders from accessing services

• Needs assessment

• Establishment of comprehensive, structured community
referral system

• Active participation of family

• Ongoing communication and collaboration among SCDC
and various community organizations
• Development of a data exchange system that will track
offenders both in the institution and in the community
• Shared agency protocols

• Active participation of offender
• Transition Team and Transition Coordinator to work with
offender to develop and oversee plan
• Development of individualized reentry plan
• Increased services in prison and increased access to
community services

• Faith-based coalition
• Development of statewide inventory of available
services/programs

SVORI Grantee: South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice
SVORI website

None

Data management system

SVORI-specific automated database has been developed

Local evaluation planned

No, although internal progress evaluation and monitoring planned

Program name

Reintegration Initiative

SC DJJ

Reintegration Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
151–200

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–18; committed for a serious or violent offense, a technical violation related to a
serious or violent offense, or be a chronic offender; must be assigned to one of the facilities
with either a determinate commitment of at least 90 days or an indeterminate commitment
of at least 3–6 months; high risk to reoffend as determined by risk assessment

Exclusion criteria

Offenders committed with a requirement that they transfer to an adult facility at the age of
17 and juveniles who have been sub-classed under the care of the Department of Mental
Health

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Any of SC’s secure, long-term DJJ facilities or wilderness camps
Orangeburg, Dorchester, Calhoun, Florence, and Spartanburg counties
Mandatory
Participants with determinant sentences are on probation; those with indeterminate sentences
are on parole

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

No steering committee/advisory board at State level; participating counties each have a
Reentry Planning and Review Team
Board of Juvenile Parole
4
National Portrait of SVORI

181

SC DJJ

Phase 1: Institutional Preparation

Reintegration Initiative
seamless transition

Duration: From arrival up to 90 days prior to release (average
commitment length is 10–15 months)

• SVORI-specific classes provided

Assessments: Completed upon admission to facility

Coordination of services:

Components/services offered within phase:

• CCW and Institutional Caseworker coordinates transition with
input from community Reentry Planning and Review Team
and Community Support Team; Same as Phase 1

• Comprehensive plan for treatment
• Community Planning and Review Team, which provides local
input to institutional planning process through participation
of Community Case Worker (CCW) in Institutional Reentry
Team

• Appointments with service providers and school admission set

Phase 3: Community Transition
Duration: 3 months (minimum)

• Community Support Team for each juvenile (consists of family
members and service providers relevant to the juvenile's
specific case)

Assessments: Substance abuse and mental health assessments as
needed

• Arrangements to ensure that the juvenile receives all needed
services, even those not available in the particular facility in
which the juvenile is placed

• CCW meets with the juvenile and his/her family to review the
plan and parole guidelines

• Mandatory participation in victim impact classes

Components/services offered within phase:

• CCW provides case management and supervision to ensure
successful adjustment

• Classes available within the institution include life skills, anger
management and conflict resolution, social skills training,
employability skills training, parenting, communication skills,
adventure-based therapy, money management, and
group/individual counseling

• Community Support Team and Planning and Review Team
provide support and guidance

Coordination of services:

• Specific targeted services include, as needed, education,
substance abuse and mental health treatment, employment
services/vocational training, parenting skills training, anger
management, life skills training, domestic violence services,
faith-based services, mentoring, Intensive Family Services,
transportation, wraparound services, and trauma-based
treatment

• While in the institution, service coordination is the
responsibility of both the Institutional Social Worker and the
CCW. The Institutional Social Worker has ultimate
responsibility for case management, while the CCW brokers
and oversees service provision for the family during the
juvenile’s commitment. Institutionally based Reentry Team
develops a comprehensive plan for the juvenile. The CCW
provides a critical link between the community and the
institution by facilitating communication between the
institutional staff and the juvenile’s family and community.
The CCW maintains frequent communication not only with
the institutional staff and community service providers, but
also with the juvenile and the juvenile’s family throughout
incarceration. The CCW’s participation in the institutional
Reentry Team meetings and the ongoing development of the
juvenile’s Institutional Treatment Plan allows for the important
information pertaining to the juvenile’s family, school, and
community to be integrated into the juvenile’s plan.

Phase 2: Pre-release Transition
Duration: 3 months
Assessments: None
Components/services offered within phase:
• Juvenile, family, and Community Support Team prepared for
return to community
• Aftercare plan finalized and sent to Juvenile Parole Board
• Services between institution and community linked to ensure
182

National Portrait of SVORI

• Graduated sanctions and incentives are established
• Planning and Review Team reviews cases monthly

• Readiness to move to Phase 4 based on educational and/or
work performance and compliance with conditions of release
Coordination of services:
• The CCW and the Institutional Caseworker coordinate
transition with input from community Reentry Planning and
Review Team and Community Support Team. The CCW, with
the support of the two community-based teams, will provide
case management and supervision in the post-release phases.
Initially, the CCW will be heavily involved, assisting with
school or vocational job program enrollment and the
scheduling of appointments and ensuring that the juvenile
keeps these appointments. The CCW is responsible for overall
service coordination, monitoring of progress, and implementing graduated incentives and sanctions. The Planning and
Review Team will review the case monthly.

SC DJJ

Reintegration Initiative

Phase 4: Continuing Care

• The CCW reinitiates supervision as needed

Duration: Continues as long as juvenile is under SC DJJ
supervision

• Planning and Review Team reviews case 90 days into Phase 4

Assessments: Substance abuse and mental health assessments as
needed

• The CCW continues to provide case management and
supervision with reduced, less intensive contact; Planning and
Review Team provides support as needed; Community Support
Team assumes greatest responsibility in supporting juvenile
and family

Components/services offered within phase:
• The CCW continues to provide case management and
supervision with reduced contact

Coordination of services:

• Intensive supervision and services are gradually phased out as
Community Support Team assumes primary support to
juvenile and family
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Greater communication and planning among facilities and
community agencies for pre- and post-release treatment/
service plans

• Increased connection to community while in institution
• Increased family participation

• Shared agency protocols

• Active participation of juveniles in plan development and
treatment services

• Increased local community input into institutional
assessments and service provision through direct
participation of CCW in institutional planning processes

• More intensive supervision and case management when
returned to community

• Same CCW to work with juvenile from institution entry
through completion of parole requirements

• Support from two community-level teams

• Community-level Planning and Review Teams, which result
in increased coordination and collaboration among
agencies and community organizations and more support
for juveniles
• Smaller caseloads, which allow CCWs to provide more
intensive supervision and case management
• Increased community awareness, which leads to more
referrals and juveniles’ receipt of more services
• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
collaboration is working

National Portrait of SVORI

183

SOUTH DAKOTA

SVORI Grantees in South Dakota
• South Dakota Department of
Corrections (SD DOC)

South Dakota SVORI Target Areas

McPherson Marshall
Brown
Edmunds Aberdeen
Day
Faulk
Spink

Meade
Lawrence

South Dakota has one SVORI grantee focused on
juveniles returning to Brown, Marshall, McPherson,
Edmunds, Spink, Faulk, Day, Minnehaha, Lincoln,
Pennington, Lawrence, Meade, Custer, and Fall River
counties (depicted in the map at left).

Rapid City

Pennington
Custer
Fall River

Minnehaha

Sioux Falls

Lincoln

Juvenile

Both

Adult

SVORI Grantee: South Dakota Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Using a SVORI-specific MIS

Local evaluation planned

Yes

Program name

Going Home–Intensive Aftercare Program

SD DOC

Going Home–Intensive Aftercare Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

151–200

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–20, above threshold score on the Youth Level of Service Case Management Inventory

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities

Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

184

Male and female juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

The majority (60%) of youth reside in facilities operated by the SD DOC. The remainder
(40%) reside in private or State-operated group homes, residential treatment facilities,
in-patient mental health and substance abuse facilities, and mental health/developmental
disability treatment facilities.
Brown, Marshall, McPherson, Edmunds, Spink, Faulk, Day, Minnehaha, Lincoln, Pennington,
Lawrence, Meade, Custer, and Fall River counties
Unknown
Participants are under SD DOC supervision

SD DOC

Going Home–Intensive Aftercare Program

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Yes
SD DOC and Independent Parole Board
3

Phase 1: Institutional Phase

Phase 2: Coming Home

Phase 3: Staying Home

Duration: 30 days

Duration: 7–9 months

Assessments: Strategies for Youth Supervision, MAYSI-2, YSL/CMI (assesses risk
and needs), and mental health, substance
abuse, education, vocational, and medical
assessments

Assessments: Reassess as needed

Duration: Until the end of SD DOC
supervision

Components/services offered within phase: Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase
• Continue case management
Components/services offered within phase:
• Facilitate access to mental health services
• Assist youth in developing a personal
Components/services offered within phase: • Fund sex-offender treatment if needed
support network among local religious
• Develop a multi-disciplinary
• Develop educational options for those
organizations, ministerial associations,
reintegration plan
youth who cannot return to public school ethnic and cultural organizations, and
other community groups
• Provide case management
• Provide brief transitional housing,
• Solicit input from youth and parents
once reintegration plan is developed
Coordination of services:
• A Juvenile Corrections Agent (JCA)
manages the reintegration planning and
implementation with assistance from an
Intensive Aftercare Specialist

batterer prevention groups, parental
support groups, and substance abuse
treatment

• Continue case management by the
Intensive Aftercare Specialist as needed

Coordination of services:
• Offer employment assistance and support • The Intensive Aftercare Specialist will
through “One-Stop” career centers
meet any remaining coordination needs
• Lead Aftercare Groups in the community
to provide cognitive-behavioral support
• Perform random drug testing
• Enforce compliance with curfew, school,
and work requirements, and victim and
community restitution responsibilities
• Implement incentive programs
Coordination of services:
• A JCA manages the reintegration
implementation with the assistance
of an Intensive Aftercare Specialist

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Funding from grants is available to pay for mental health
services, substance abuse treatment, sex offender treatment,
employment services, and transitional housing for those
youth without access to an alternative funding source such
as Medicaid

• There is a new focus on the need for building long-term
personal support networks within youths’ home
communities

• A new method of assessing risk and needs is being
implemented to better capture dynamic factors in addition
to static ones

• Independent living skills training and transitional housing
are available for those youth who are transitioning to
independent living

• Options for meeting educational and employment needs
have been expanded

• Ten Intensive Aftercare Specialist positions and three
Residential Transition Specialist positions were created and
funded to fill gaps in the existing service delivery system

National Portrait of SVORI

185

TENNESSEE

SVORI Grantees in Tennessee
• Tennessee Department of
Corrections (TN DOC)
• Tennessee Department of
Children’s Services (TN DCS)

Tennessee has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults returning to
Shelby, Davidson, and Knox counties (depicted in the map below) and one
focused on juveniles returning to Shelby County. Shelby County is the
largest urban area in the State and has the highest percentage of adult
releases in addition to the highest delinquency rate. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison
admission and release trends in Tennessee over a 24-year period.
Tennessee SVORI Target Areas

Tennessee Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Davidson

Knox

Shelby

Juvenile

Adult

Both

Number of Admissions/Releases

16000
14000

Admissions
Releases

12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Tennessee Department of Corrections
SVORI website

http://www.state.tn.us/correction/inmateprograms/bridges.html

Data management system

Using a SVORI-specific MIS

Local evaluation planned

Dr. Nana Landen Berger will conduct a local evaluation

Program name

Tennessee Bridges

TN DOC

Tennessee Bridges

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Minimum confinement of 12 months, history of violence or an inability to conform to the
accepted rules of society, at least 24 months remaining in sentence, and a risk assessment
score of 10 and above (violent offenses) or 13 and above (property crimes)

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

186

Adult males

National Portrait of SVORI

Statewide adult prisons
Shelby, Davidson, and Knox counties
Voluntary
All participants are under parole supervision

TN DOC

Tennessee Bridges

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee (RSC)
Board of Probation and Parole (BOPP)
3

Phase 1: Institutional Readiness
Duration: 12 months
Assessments: The Board of Probation and
Parole (BOPP) and Institutional Parole
Officer (IPO) administer a needs
assessment and risk prediction instrument
(developed by BOPP). There are also
mandatory education, mental health, and
substance abuse assessments.

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition Program

Phase 3: Community-Based
Long-Term Support

Duration: 6 months

Duration: 6 months

Assessments: Complete a new risk and
needs assessment

Assessments: Reassess every 6 months to
measure progress and determine continued
Components/services offered within phase: need for services
Components/services offered within phase:
• Release Offender to pre-selected halfway
house

Components/services offered within phase: • Update reentry plan based on new
assessment
• Provide case management
• House offenders at halfway houses for
• Create an Offender Reentry Plan
3 to 6 months
• Offer orientation to inform the offender
• Continue to provide weekly face-to-face
about Tennessee Bridges guidelines,
contact with their case manager during
expectations, and stipulations
the first 4 weeks of community
• Convene Tennessee Bridges Societal
supervision, followed by bimonthly
Readiness Program
contacts for the duration of Phase 2
• Lead members in conducting a self-image • Perform random drug testing of
assessment followed by sessions on
offenders
self-concept, self-esteem, self-confidence,
• Provide job retention training
and emotion, and a post-test
• Provide mental health and substance
• Assign a community-based mentor
abuse treatment
• Conduct Survival Skills Instruction
• Provide a list of activities to offenders to
• Require completion of a 10-week
participate in during their days off from
cognitive-based drug education program
work, including Alcoholics Anonymous/
Narcotics Anonymous, parenting classes,
• Provide Intensive Job Readiness Training
anger/stress management sessions, money
• Offer the following specific targeted
management, and community
services, as needed: housing assistance,
service/restorative justice
parenting skill-building, faith-based
• Maintain contact with offender’s personal
services, mental health counseling, and
social support network (if deemed
anger management training
positive by RSC)
Coordination of services:
• Provide mentoring and ongoing
• An appropriate community-based public
community support after release from
safety collaborative will begin working
halfway house
with the offender in concert with the
Coordination of services:
offender’s case manager

• Transition offender to either family or
residential living
• Provide 6 months of intensive aftercare
with ongoing support as needed
• Maintain case management services
• Assist offender in developing resources
on an as-needed basis (e.g., assisting
ex-offender with job retention, securing
needed counseling/support services, and
securing employment if ex-offender loses
job or if re-location does not support
current employment)
• Follow up with employers and offenders
monthly or more often if needed
• Facilitate the continued involvement of
mentors with offenders
Coordination of services:
• Continue coordination by the Tennessee
Bridges Reentry Case Management/
Transition Team

• Continue Phase 2 service coordination by
case manager

National Portrait of SVORI

187

TN DOC

Tennessee Bridges

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Transportation of inmates to job interviews by security staff
members

• Increased frequency of case management
• Intensive pre-release planning

• Increased work release opportunities
• Payment of offenders to attend programs, making
attendance more equivalent to having a job
• Family involvement prior to release
• Increased use of electronic monitoring
• Significantly smaller case loads for parole officers

SVORI Grantee: Tennessee Department of Children’s Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Microsoft Access Database

Local evaluation planned

Outcome data will be collected beginning in July 2004

Program name

Tennessee Intensive Aftercare Program

TN DCS

Tennessee Intensive Aftercare Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Juvenile males
101–150

Inclusion criteria

Violent or sex offenders

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Shelby Training Center, Wilder Youth Development Center, and the Youth Habilitation Center
Shelby County
Voluntary
Most participants are under house arrest

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

188

National Portrait of SVORI

Local Planning and Advisory Committee
Juvenile Court and Tennessee Department of Children’s Services
3

TN DCS

Tennessee Intensive Aftercare Program

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Duration: 6 months

Duration: 6 months

Duration: 6 months

Assessments: Assess risk and needs,
including educational progress, mental
health, substance abuse, family and peer
relationships, community involvement,
recidivism, and anger management

Assessments: Reassess risk and needs,
including educational progress, mental
health, substance abuse, family and peer
relationships, community involvement,
recidivism, and anger management. Assess
Components/services offered within phase: youth satisfaction with program.
Components/services offered within phase:
• Create a reentry plan

Assessments: Reassess risk and needs,
including educational progress, mental
health, substance abuse, family and peer
relationships, community involvement,
recidivism, and anger management. Assess
youth satisfaction with program.
Components/services offered within phase:

• Counsel and involve family prior to
release

• Provide intensive case management and
transition services

• Focus on independent living

• Furnish educational services

• Supply mental health treatment,
including individual counseling and peer
counseling groups

• Encourage participation in extracurricular activities and community
programs

• Counsel parents and families

• Provide career planning

• Lead value trainings

Coordination of services:

Coordination of services:

• Enforce a mandatory level of school
attendance and performance

• Aftercare staff will provide coordination
of services

• Tutor youth who are experiencing
difficulty meeting educational objectives

• The aftercare case manager continues to
lead the transition/treatment team and
coordinate service delivery

• Offer mental health and substance abuse
treatment
• Provide sex offender treatment
• Teach independent living and social skills

• Decrease case management

• Assist youth in finding and retaining a
job
• Require involvement in public service
activities
• Offer adventure-based activity to foster
trust and dependence on others, enhance
self-esteem, and impart a sense of success
and ability to overcome challenges
• Provide substance abuse treatment and
perform random drug screens
• Require completion of a parenting course
for youth who have children
Coordination of services:
• The aftercare case manager leads the
transition/treatment team and is
responsible for coordinating service
delivery
CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Decreased case loads for case managers

• Increased frequency of case management contacts with
youth

• Improved focus on family involvement

National Portrait of SVORI

189

TEXAS

SVORI Grantees in Texas
• Texas Department of Criminal
Justice (TX DCJ)

Texas has one SVORI grantee focused on adults in Administrative
Segregation (Ad Seg) returning to Harris, Bexar, Dallas, Nueces, Travis, and
Tarrant counties (depicted in the map below). The grantee chose to target prisoners housed in Ad Seg (a non-punitive
separation of offenders from the general population for the purpose of maintaining the safety and security of
offenders, staff, and the institution) because these offenders were not eligible for the programs and services offered to
other offenders prior to SVORI. The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release
trends in Texas over a 24-year period.
Texas SVORI Target Areas

Texas Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Tarrant Dallas

Travis

Harris

Bexar

Number of Admissions/Releases

70000
Admissions
Releases

60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000

Nueces

0
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Juvenile

Adult

Year

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Texas Department of Criminal Justice
SVORI website

http://tdcj.state.tx.us/parole/parole-spclpgms.htm

Data management system

A SVORI-specific MIS will be developed in conjunction with an existing offender information
system for all offenders

Local evaluation planned

Yes, evaluator not selected

Program name

Texas SVORI Ad Seg Adults

TX DCJ

Texas SVORI Ad Seg Adults

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

101–150 (annually)

Inclusion criteria

Confined to Ad Seg for at least 1 year, within 12 months of release, must be returning
to target communities, and Level 1 offenders (minimal behavioral problems)

Exclusion criteria

Those with special health (including psychiatric) problems

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

190

Male adults

National Portrait of SVORI

Estelle Unit-Expansion Cellblock Facility
Harris, Bexar, Dallas, Nueces, Travis, and Tarrant counties
Voluntary for mandatory supervision offenders; may be placed in program by Board
of Pardons and Paroles vote
Offenders are under conditional supervision

TX DCJ

Texas SVORI Ad Seg Adults

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Yes
TX DCJ
3

Phase 1: Pre-release

Phase 2: Post-release Transition

Phase 3: Post-release

Duration: 6–8 months

Duration: Phases 2 and 3 combined last
12 months; the specific duration of Phase
2 varies

Duration: 6 months

Assessments: Criminogenic risk
assessment; needs assessment

Components/services offered within phase: Assessments: Needs and risk assessments
conducted on the day of release
• Individualized case management
Components/services offered within phase:
• Development of a reentry plan for
• Case management handled by the Parole
offenders
Division District Resource Center (DRC)
• Involvement of the community in the
development of the reentry plan through • Continued development of the reentry
plan
the creation of a Community Advisory
Network
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, gang renunciation, life skills
• Commencing the first month of SVORI:
training, housing assistance, parenting
offender participation, identification by
skills training, domestic violence
the Reentry Coordinator of one stable
intervention, family awareness,
family member and one faith-based
mentoring, transportation, employment/
community contact (if desired); in the
vocational skills training and developfifth month of participation, one
ment (including job search and
consistent mentor contact for each
employment retention skills), substance
SVORI participant
abuse treatment, mental health
• Coursework through PC-based
counseling, medical services, education
equipment installed in each cell
(literacy and GED), anger management,
cultural diversity, and faith-based services
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, gang renunciation, cognitive
Coordination of services:
intervention, domestic violence
• Parole Division DRC
intervention, family awareness,
mentoring, employment/vocational skills
training and development (job search
and employment retention skills),
substance abuse treatment, mental health
counseling, medical services, education
(literacy and GED), anger management,
cultural diversity, and faith-based services

Assessments: LSI-R and/or C-RAS
Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management by DRC continues
• Continued reentry plan development,
with an increased focus on cognitive
intervention, family involvement, and
support services
• Specific post-release services initiated in
Phase 2 are continued, as needed
Coordination of services:
• Parole Division DRC

Coordination of services:
• Reentry Coordinators will coordinate
services. In the last month of
incarceration, the Resource Operations
Manager will assist to ensure that
immediate post-release needs are
identified and resources are available.

National Portrait of SVORI

191

TX DCJ

Texas SVORI Ad Seg Adults

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes
• Provision of specific services to Ad Seg offenders within the
institution (no services available to this population before
SVORI)

Individual-level changes

• Transition team that includes staff from within the
institution and community agencies, who will be working
with the SVORI participant before and after release

• Ongoing risk/needs assessment throughout the reentry
process

• Integrated case management, where representatives from
multiple community service providers and/or
corrections/supervision agencies meet to discuss and work
on particular cases
• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
the collaboration is working
• Sharing of agency protocols regarding how service
provision is working
• Use of video-conferencing while the SVORI participant is
in prison to meet with community service providers or
family
• Involvement of the community, through a Community
Advisory Network, in the development of the reentry plan

192

National Portrait of SVORI

• Development of a reentry plan for offenders, which
includes the offender and family members as active
participants in the reentry plan prior to release

• Individualized case management services
• Promotion of accountability to the community through
direct involvement of community members

U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS

SVORI Grantees in U.S. Virgin Islands
• Virgin Islands Bureau of Corrections
(VI BC)

The U.S. Virgin Islands has one SVORI grantee focused on adults returning
to St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. John, and Water Island District (depicted in the
map below). The line chart below provides statistics from VI BC on adult prison admission and release trends in the
U.S. Virgin Islands over a 10-year period.
Virgin Islands SVORI Target Areas

Virgin Islands Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

St. Thomas

Number of Admissions/Releases

6000

St. John

St. Croix

Admissions
Releases

5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

Juvenile

Adult

Both

94

95

96

97

98

99

00

01

02

03

Year
Source: VI BC

SVORI Grantee: Virgin Islands Bureau of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Working on developing an MIS

Local evaluation planned

Researchers from the University of Virgin Islands are conducting a local evaluation

Program name

Virgin Islands Reentry Initiative

VI BC

Virgin Islands Reentry Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
101–150

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–25 and incarcerated for at least 1 year or ages 26–35 and continuously incarcerated
since the age of 18, history of committing violent acts, high likelihood of reoffense, history
of mental illness, and continuing threat to victims and/or community

Exclusion criteria

Sex offenders and severely mentally ill offenders

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations

All State prisons
St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. John, and Water Island District

Participation

Voluntary

Legal release status

Unknown

National Portrait of SVORI

193

VI BC

Virgin Islands Reentry Initiative

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Steering Committee
Independent parole board and the Probation Department
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Duration: Up to 12 months

Duration: 10–12 months

Duration: 13–24 months

Assessments: Unknown

Assessments: Northpointe COMPAS Risk
and Needs Assessments, HCR-20, SVR-20,
Career Assessment Inventory, TABE,
SASSI, BPRS, MCMI-III, MMPI-2

Assessments: Unknown

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education, life
skills training, anger management,
faith-based services, and HIV/AIDS
workshops
Coordination of services:
• Reentry Team consisting of program
staff, reintegration specialist, contracted
service providers, Bureau of Corrections
staff, educators, and a workforce
counselor

Phase 3: Stabilization

Components/services offered within phase: • Specific post-release services initiated in
Phase 2 are continued.
• Community restoration—all targeted
offenders will be expected to complete
some form of victim and/or community
restoration

Coordination of services:
• Unknown

• Several programs to prepare the
community for the offender's return,
including Community Preparedness
Forums, Community Preparedness Plans,
Workforce Development Institute, and
The Virgin Islands Bonding Program
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, life skills training,
anger management, faith-based services,
and mentoring
Coordination of services:
• Reentry Team

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• A Reentry Team composed of community advocates and
prison-based personnel to assist communities with conflicts
arising from reintegration

• Services targeting the offender prior to release and in the
community

• A Workforce Development Institute that will provide
training modules to support volunteers, prison personnel,
and families through the reentry process
• Community Preparedness Forums, that will address the
needs of the victims and neighborhoods prior to the return
of the offenders
• Community Development Plan, that will provide guidance
to nonprofit, faith-based, and other government
stakeholders on transitional jobs, difficulty in employing
offenders, and other services as needed

194

National Portrait of SVORI

UTAH

SVORI Grantees in Utah

Utah has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults returning to Salt Lake
County and one focused on juveniles returning to Utah County (depicted in
the map below). The adult grantee targeted the Salt Lake City area in part
because this area has the highest number of serious and violent parolees.
The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and
release trends in Utah over a 24-year period.
Utah SVORI Target Areas

• Utah Department of Corrections
(UT DOC)
• Utah Division of Youth Corrections
(UT DYC)

Utah Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

700000
Salt Lake City

Salt Lake
Utah

600000

Admissions
Releases

500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02
Year

Juvenile

Both

Adult

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Utah Department Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

O (operations) track and F (field) track is a model system that other States are considering
replicating. A Microsoft Access database is used for SVORI participants.

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Reentry STEP Program

UT DOC

The Reentry STEP Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
51–100

Inclusion criteria

Prison classification Level 3 and up, parole date between 12 and 42 months, participation
in/completion of prison residential therapeutic community program, desire to change,
willingness to commit to program, deficiencies in two or more dynamic risk factors, and low
risk of absconding

Exclusion criteria

Serious history of assaults that is assessed as putting other participants at an unreasonable risk
for harm, current episode of incarceration is due to absconding, serious impairments to
cognitive or intellectual functions, classification as a sex offender, and unwillingness to
participate

National Portrait of SVORI

195

UT DOC

Reentry STEP Program
Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Salt Lake County
Voluntary
All participants are parolees

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Management team includes grant employees, workforce services, Department of Education,
and Division of Substance Abuse (i.e., “decision makers”)
Adult Probation and Parole
3

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Duration: 5 months

Duration: 12–24 months (steady
employment for 1 year will be required for
Client to move to Phase 3)

Duration: 12–24 months

Assessments: Pre-sentence Report, LSI,
mental and physical health evaluations,
ASI, TABE, and GATB
Components/services offered within phase:
• Provide case management and develop a
reentry plan
• Provide mental health services, substance
abuse treatment, and vocational training
and support
• Assign mentors
• Orient new members
• Facilitate peer support and faith-based
support groups
• Counsel clients and family members
prior to release
• Offer accountability-based incentives and
sanctions
• Perform random drug testing
• Encourage participation in life skills
training such as anger management,
victim impact, and personal finances

Assessments: Conduct ongoing
assessments as needed
Components/services offered within phase:
• Provide case management and continue
to develop the reentry plan

• Continue case management
• Continue offering incentives (as funding
permits) and enforcing sanctions
• Track recidivism
• Encourage client independence

• Implement accountability-based
incentives and sanctions, including “Step
Bucks” and vouchers for items like bus
passes, clothing, and phone cards

Coordination of services:

• Offer graduated levels of supervision
• Provide intensive vocational training and
support, mental health and substance
abuse treatment, and community-based
life skills classes
• Utilize available low-income housing and
housing assistance
• Encourage participation in faithbased/spiritual activities of client choice
• Require regular drug testing

• A correctional rehabilitative specialist
will provide case management and
coordinate services

Coordination of services:

National Portrait of SVORI

Components/services offered within phase:

• Conduct monthly meetings with
treatment team, client, and family

Coordination of services:

196

Assessments: Ongoing as needed

• Adult Probation and Parole program
coordinators

• Provide ongoing vocational support
• Adult Probation and Parole program
coordinators

UT DOC

Reentry STEP Program

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Adult Probation and Parole is partnering with the State
Office of Education and the Department of Workforce
Services to improve vocational opportunities and outcomes

• Incentives like vouchers for bus passes and phone cards are
offered in concert with the enforcement of sanctions

• Reentry program is recruiting solely out-of-prison
Therapeutic Communities in order to offer the supportive
environment conducive to pre-release training and
preparation

• Graduated levels of supervision are used to reward
compliance with program goals
• Intensive vocational training and support are offered to
improve job acquisition, performance, and maintenance

• The Reentry STEP program is spurring improved
communication and participation across agencies and
disciplines

SVORI Grantee: Utah Division of Youth Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

CARE System—not SVORI-specific but will be used to track SVORI participants

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Utah County Aftercare Program (UCAP)

UT DYC

Utah County Aftercare Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
101–150

Inclusion criteria

Unknown

Exclusion criteria

Unknown

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All secure facilities, but Utah County is the primary focus
Utah County
Mandatory
Parolees are under the supervision of the Youth Parole Authority

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Yes
Youth Parole Authority
3

National Portrait of SVORI

197

UT DYC

Utah County Aftercare Program

Phase 1: Protect and Prepare

Phase 2: Control and Restore

Duration: 3–4 months

Duration: 6 months

Phase 3: Responsibility and
Productivity

Assessments: PRA used to identify risks,
areas of need, and assets across ten
dimensions; psychological battery,
including Suicide Probability Scale, Jesness
Personality Inventory, WISC-III
educational assessment, and the MMPI-A

Assessments: Reassess as needed

Duration: 18–24 months

Components/services offered within phase:

Assessments: Reassess as needed

• Review and revise reentry plan

Components/services offered within phase:

• Help offenders build new community
supports

• Continue to monitor youth's progress

Components/services offered within phase:

• Reinvolve parents and other family
members to identify processes for
• Facilitate counseling groups to address
issues such as drug and alcohol problems, reunification or other alternatives
social skills development, and transition
• Facilitate transition support groups twice
support
weekly
• Provide intensive case management and
• Assist youth in completing a pre-release
transition planning
checklist covering areas like employment,
medical instructions, educational needs,
• Require participation in either
and placement information
educational or vocational training
• Offer participation in faith-based services • Require a 90-day trial placement with the
Youth Parole Authority
from both within and outside the secure
facility
• Schedule and monitor home visits and
overnight visits during trial placement
• Provide mentors to play supportive roles
in youths’ lives
• Monitor school or job attendance
• Coordinate pre-release planning and
service delivery through case
management and input from a
multidisciplinary treatment team
Coordination of services:
• UCAP staff will coordinate pre-release
planning and service delivery through
case management and input from a
multidisciplinary treatment team

• Provide substance abuse and mental
health counseling
• Implement a graduated system of
sanctions, privileges, and responsibilities
• Offer medical care, including yearly
exams, through Medicaid cards
• Conduct drug testing
• Employ electronic monitoring
• Facilitate participation in required
community service and restitution
activities
Coordination of services:
• UCAP staff will work with the Youth
Parole Authority to coordinate placement
and service delivery through case
management and input from a
multidisciplinary treatment team

198

National Portrait of SVORI

• Visit youth on at least a monthly basis to
check in and remind youth about the
availability of support services
• Continue to facilitate access to medical
care
• Meet as a multi-agency treatment team
to evaluate progress, order necessary
reassessments, and determine the need
for additional supports
Coordination of services:
• UCAP staff will work with the Youth
Parole Authority to coordinate placement
and service delivery through case
management and input from a
multidisciplinary treatment team

UT DYC

Utah County Aftercare Program

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased opportunities for communication and cooperation
with the Youth Parole Authority

• Increased access to transitional services

• New funding for day treatment services for newly released
offenders
• Education of secure facility staff about the services available
to youth in the community

• Formation of supportive relationships between youth and
UCAP staff to ease reentry process
• Graduated levels of privileges and sanctions, which are
replacing more punitive systems

National Portrait of SVORI

199

VERMONT

SVORI Grantees in Vermont
• Vermont Department of
Corrections (VT DOC)

Vermont has one SVORI grantee focused on adults returning statewide
(depicted in the map below). The line chart below provides BJS statistics on
adult prison admission and release trends in Vermont over a 24-year period.
Vermont SVORI Target Areas

Vermont Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

3500

Burlington

3000

Admissions
Releases

2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
78

Juvenile

Adult

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year

Both

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Vermont Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

VT DOC has an MIS that identifies SVORI participants

Local evaluation planned

VT DOC is conducting a process evaluation

Program name

Restorative Reentry

VT DOC

Restorative Reentry

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Serious crimes, high risk for reoffending, and +R47 minimum sentence 1 year

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities

All State prisons

Post-release locations

Statewide

Participation

Voluntary

Legal release status

200

Male and female adults and juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

All participants are released on conditional supervision

VT DOC

Restorative Reentry

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Yes
VT DOC, Commissioner of Corrections
3

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support

Duration: 12 months +

Duration: 6 months

Duration: 12 months

Assessments: Risk: LSI-R, RRASOR, SARA, Assessments: Reassessment to determine
Static-99, VASOR, and VRAG; Needs:
the levels of service needs in housing,
DAST, MAST, ASI, Hare PCL, and CSS_M employment, substance abuse, mental
Components/services offered within phase: health, family integration, financial status,
education, and training, as well as ongoing
• Responsibility contracting through the
cognitive-behavioral treatment
Offender Responsibility Curriculum
requirements to address criminogenic
• Developing Offender Responsibility Plan need
(ORP), a restorative process, with input
Components/services offered within phase:
from the offender, and family members,
• Treatment of alcohol and other substance
as well as from the victim
abuse problems, domestic violence
• Participating in restorative processes with
services, mental health services, and
the victim, coordinated by victim liaisons,
criminogenic treatment services
toward the definition of the elements of
• Access to community services such as
the draft ORP, if requested by the victim
training, education, employment
• Appointing Reentry Panels (Transition
assistance, housing, and counseling
Team) that comprise trained community
• Outpatient substance abuse services
volunteers
provided through the ISAP (Intensive
• Assessing outcomes using the Process
Substance Abuse Program) linked with
Evaluation Offender Outcomes
in-patient (incarcerated) services,
Cognitive Self Change programs, and Sex
• Participating in needs-reducing programs
Offender programs
such as sex offender treatment, violent
offender treatment, intensive substance
• If released on Conditional Reentry,
abuse treatment, and educational and
offenders are required to address their
vocational training
ORP, focused on program needs, work,
and community restitution
• Incorporating cognitive-behavioral
components in treatment programs
• Restorative Reentry Panel meets with the
offender at 3-month intervals to assess
• Allowing video-conferencing and visits
progress
while in prison to meet with community
service providers or family
• Integrated case management where
representatives from multiple community
• Availability of services including health,
service providers and/or
criminogenic treatment, mental health
corrections/supervision agencies meet to
services, and faith-based services
discuss and work on particular cases
Coordination of services:
Coordination of services:
• Restorative Reentry Panel meets with
• Restorative Reentry Panel meets with the
each offender, develops the ORP, and
offender to assess progress and discuss
works with the offender and community
readiness for pre-release furloughs
service providers to solicit input, assess
progress, identify barriers, and define
gaps in service and responsibility for
reducing those barriers

Assessments: Participants are reassessed
for evaluation purposes at 12 months
post-release
Components/services offered within phase:
• Continuing support from Restorative
Reentry Panel
• Reassess and subject to post-testing, for
evaluation purposes, 12 months from
release
• Parallel process for and with the victim
using the Victim Safety Plan will be
implemented as a joint endeavor by the
VT DOC and Vermont Office of Crime
Victims Services, as well as many local
and statewide victim service
organizations
• Ongoing monitoring by caseworker,
treatment team, the Restorative Reentry
Panel, community members, and the
supervising officer
• Relapse Intervention in which the
Restorative Reentry Panel may be
reconvened to adjust treatment and
intervention plans or to adjust offender
responsibilities
Coordination of services:
• Partnerships at the community level with
law enforcement, community board
members, treatment providers,
recovering community, corrections staff,
and employers

National Portrait of SVORI

201

VT DOC

Restorative Reentry

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased involvement with partners

• Use of Offender Responsibility Plan and Restorative Reentry
Panel

• Accelerated awareness to involve community (better
integration)
• Recognition that evidence-based services are necessary

202

National Portrait of SVORI

• Offender involvement with the community and government
• Tighter connection among identification of needs, service
planning, and service delivery for each offender

VIRGINIA

SVORI Grantees in Virginia

Virginia has one SVORI grantee focused on adults returning to Fairfax
City/County (depicted in the map below). The line chart below provides BJS
statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Virginia over
a 24-year period.
Virginia SVORI Target Areas

• Virginia Department of Corrections
(VA DOC)

Virginia Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

2000

Juvenile

Adult

Both

Number of Admissions/Releases

1800
Fairfax

Admissions
Releases

1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Virginia Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

VA DOC has a database that includes parole and probation

Local evaluation planned

No

Program name

Virginia Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (VASAVOR)—Going Home to Stay

VA DOC

VASAVOR—Going Home to Stay

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
151–200

Inclusion criteria

Age 18 or older and convicted of a violent offense

Exclusion criteria

Those with detainers

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

All State prisons
Fairfax City/County
Mandatory
All participants are under probation or parole supervision

National Portrait of SVORI

203

VA DOC

VASAVOR—Going Home to Stay

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Management Team
VA DOC
4

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs

Phase 1.5: Local Jail-Based Program • Case management through Transition

Duration: Variable

Assessments: Medical, mental health, and
classification assessments

Assessments: ASI, custody level scoring,
TABE, vocational assessment, medical
examination, and mental health evaluation
Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management through Transition
Team made up of case liaison,
employment representative, mental
health representative, and supervisory
staff
• Gender-specific programming

Duration: Up to 45 days

Components/services offered within phase:
• Case management
• Development of reentry plan
• Mentoring
• Support classes for offender families
• Restorative justice
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, life skills training, employability
training, vocational training, and
education

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment, life
skills training, employment programs,
Coordination of services:
sex offender treatment (at specific
institutions), counseling, mandated anger • Transition Team
management, and mental health
counseling (only available at institutions Phase 2: Community-Based
>6,000 inmates)
Transition Programs
Coordination of services:
• Transition Team with monthly case
counseling

Team
• Transitional housing
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, medical, mental health, and
medication management; job training
and placement; substance abuse
counseling; dental care; education;
parenting skills training; domestic
violence counseling; sex offender
treatment; life skills training; faith-based
services; and anger management
Coordination of services:
• Transition Team

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support
Duration: Variable
Assessments: Risk/needs are periodically
reassessed
Components/services offered within phase:

Duration: Variable

• Case management through Transition
Assessments: Risk/Needs Assessment based Team
on the Wisconsin Model is conducted by
• Referrals to ongoing services
probation and parole officers
Coordination of services:
Components/services offered within phase:
• Transition Team
• Electronic Monitoring (Global
Positioning Satellite)

CHANGES AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Increased use of electronic monitoring

• Increased ongoing case management

• Increased involvement of community and public service
providers

• Transferred to Fairfax County jail 45 days prior to release for
SVORI-specific case management and classes

• Integrated providers for more intensive management

• Funded up to $3,000 per offender for job training
• Developed release plan before release
• Avoided long waiting lists for services
• Funded for mental health services
• Provided rent subsidies

204

National Portrait of SVORI

WASHINGTON

SVORI Grantees in Washington

Washington has one SVORI grantee focused on adult and juvenile offenders
returning to King, Pierce, and Spokane counties (depicted in the map
below). The line chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison
admission and release trends in Washington over a 24-year period.
Washington SVORI Target Areas

• Washington State Department of
Corrections (WA DOC)

Washington Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Spokane

King
Pierce

Juvenile

Adult

Number of Admissions/Releases

14000
Admissions
Releases

12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

Both

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Washington State Department of Corrections
SVORI website

http://www.goinghomewashington.net/

Data management system

WA DOC has an MIS that identifies SVORI participants

Local evaluation planned

The WA Institute for Public Policy is conducting a local evaluation

Program name

Washington “Going Home”

WA DOC

Washington “Going Home”

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults and juveniles
201+

Inclusion criteria

Under age 35 prior to release; Adults—“High five”: (1) high-risk (LSI 41+ or at least one
violent conviction), (2) high-needs (disabled or other health problems), (3) sex offenders, (4)
dangerously mentally ill offenders, or (5) imminent risk or threat; Juveniles—slated for
intensive parole

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Statewide adult prison and juvenile detention facilities
The three counties with the highest number of releases: King, Pierce, and Spokane
Mandatory
Most enrollees are released under parole supervision

National Portrait of SVORI

205

WA DOC

Washington “Going Home”

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Statewide Reentry Team
No specific reentry authority
3

Phase 1: Reentry Planning

Phase 2: Supervision

Phase 3: Post-Supervision

Duration: At least 9 months

Duration: 1 year

Duration: At least 1 year

Assessments: Adults: LSI-R; Juveniles:
Initial Security Classification Assessment

Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase

Assessments: No specific assessments are
used in this phase

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

Components/services offered within phase:

• Transition planning team is formed

• Community readiness team continues to
work with released prisoners

• Community readiness team (now under
the direction of the mentor) continues to
work with and support the released
prisoner

• The prisoner, family members, and any
victims are included as active participants • Mentor continues to work with released
in the creation and development of the
prisoners
reentry plan prior to release
• Community Risk Management Specialist
• A mentor is recruited from the prisoner’s
works intensively with each released
home community
prisoner during the first 3 months of
supervision
• Treatment plans and release plans are
tailored to the individual risk and/or
needs of the prisoner

• Released prisoners under parole
supervision work with a Community
• A community readiness team is formed to Corrections Officer (or Juvenile
Rehabilitation Intensive Parole
work with and support the released
Counselor)
prisoner throughout all three phases
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
services, employment skills/vocational
training, education, housing assistance,
parenting skills, life skills training, anger
management, faith-based services, victim
awareness training, mentoring, and sexual
deviancy treatment
Coordination of services:
• Institutional Risk Management Specialist
to coordinate services
• Institutional Transition Planning Team
• Videoconferencing to facilitate
communication with the mentor and
other community members
• Shared agency protocols regarding how
service provision is approached

206

National Portrait of SVORI

• Specific services begun in prison are
continued as needed
• Includes community restoration activities
Coordination of services:
• County reentry team coordinates system
issues
• Community Advisor (one per county)
coordinates service availability

• Continued encouragement to utilize
available services as needed
Coordination of services:
• County reentry team coordinates system
issues
• Community Advisor (one per county)
coordinates service availability

WA DOC

Washington “Going Home”

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Use of multi-level teams (statewide, system-level, and
prisoner-specific)

• Focus on reentry and transition to the community at entry to
prison

• Intensive community marketing

• Community preparation for the prisoner’s return before
release

• Development of a “Reentry Academy” to provide training

• New reentry curriculum
• Implementation and use of videoconferencing to
communicate within and across organizations and to connect • Prisoner-specific teams
the prisoner to community members prior to release
• Assignment of mentor from the prisoner’s home community
• Change in institutional culture to emphasize the positive over • Intensive monitoring and support during the first 3 months
the negative
of reentry
• Continued post-supervision activities

National Portrait of SVORI

207

WEST VIRGINIA

SVORI Grantees in West Virginia

West Virginia has two SVORI grantees: one focused on adults returning
statewide and one focused on juveniles returning to ten designated counties
(depicted in the map below). The line chart below provides BJS statistics on
adult prison admission and release trends in West Virginia over a 24-year
period.

Wheeling

Morgan
Berkeley
Marion Mineral
Hampshire
Jefferson
Tucker Grant
Hardy

Morgantown
Parkersburg

Huntington
Charleston

Juvenile

Pendleton

2500

Admissions
Releases

2000
1500
1000
500
0

78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02

Both

Adult

• West Virginia Division of Juvenile
Services (WV DJS)

West Virginia Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002

Number of Admissions/Releases

West Virginia SVORI Target Areas

• West Virginia Division of
Corrections (WV DOC)

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: West Virginia Division of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Other MIS that identifies SVORI participants

Local evaluation planned

An independent local evaluation is being conducted

Program name

West Virginia Offender Reentry Initiative

WV DOC

West Virginia Offender Reentry Initiative

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

201+

Inclusion criteria

Felony-convicted offenders (parolees and incarcerated populations) deemed moderate to high
risk based on criteria identified by the LSI-R

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

208

Male and female adults

National Portrait of SVORI

All State prisons
Statewide
Mandatory
The majority will parole; offenders discharging their sentences will receive aftercare planning
services, but will not receive follow-up and supervision by WV DOC

WV DOC

West Virginia Offender Reentry Initiative

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Program-level steering committee
WV DOC
3

Phase 1: Making a Plan

Coordination of services:

Duration: Entire span of incarceration

• Case manager

Assessments: LSI-R, MnSOST-R,
RRASOR, WRAT III, MMPI-2, Beta III,
VRAG

Phase 2: Coming Home

Components/services offered within
phase:
• Orientation program

Duration: 6 months prior to
parole/discharge through 1 month postdischarge
Assessments: LSI-R

and intervention, life skills training, anger
management, faith-based services, sex
offender treatment, and crime victim
awareness
Coordination of services:
• Jointly coordinated between Case
Manager and Parole Officer

Phase 3: Staying Home

Components/services offered within
phase:

• Offender participation in the
development, regular review, and
completion of an Individual Program and • Focus on family, relationships,
employment, faith-based organizations,
Reentry Plan
and residential planning, as well as
• Initiation of communication among case
substance abuse support, mental health
manager, parole officer, and community
assistance, and medical and public health
resources to establish links with the
issues
community
• Multimedia videoconferencing systems
• Medical/mental health advocacy referral
for distance learning, parole hearings, and
• Specific targeted services include, as
victim mediation
needed, substance abuse treatment,
• Continuation of reentry planning as in
medical services, employment
Phase 1, with input from offender
skills/vocational training, education,
• Involvement of community service
housing assistance, parenting skills
providers
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, life skills training, anger • Specific targeted services include, as
management, faith-based services, sex
needed, education, parenting skills
offender treatment, and crime victim
training, domestic violence prevention
awareness

Duration: 11–12 months
Assessments: LSI-R
Components/services offered within
phase:
• Linking of institutional and community
groups to provide a continuum of case
management and supervision
• Focus on family, relationships,
employment, faith-based organizations,
residential planning, substance abuse
support, mental health assistance, and
medical and public health issues
• Philosophy of Zero Tolerance for
criminal violations of parole
Coordination of services:
• Parole Officer

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Reorganization of case management system to include
prescriptive, or “targeted,” case management techniques

• Integrated case management where representatives from
multiple community service providers and/or
corrections/supervision agencies meet to discuss and work on
particular cases

• Training for Case Managers, Counselors, and Parole Officers
in the new system of prescriptive case management and the
administration of the LSI-R
• Implementation of a validated risk and needs assessment
instrument (LSI-R)

• Specific case manager from a community-based organization
who brokers services from appropriate agencies for offenders
post-release

• Integrated case management system that requires joint
management of a case load for a 7-month period of time
during transition between the institutional case manager and
the community-based parole officer

National Portrait of SVORI

209

SVORI Grantee: West Virginia Division of Juvenile Services
SVORI website

None

Data management system

SVORI-specific MIS

Local evaluation planned

Seeking evaluation assistance from local college Criminal Justice and/or Research
Departments

Program name

Re-entry Court Program (RCP)

WV DJS

Reentry Court Program

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female adults
201+

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–21; 6+ months of secure confinement; must be assessed by the Y-LSI or CAFAS to be
at high risk to reoffend upon release; will be placed on probation upon release; and courtordered by a Circuit Court Judge for review and assessment for RCP participation

Exclusion criteria

Will not be placed on probation upon release; will not be returning to an RCP site county;
will not be considered at high risk to reoffend upon release

Pre-release facilities

WV DJS correctional facilities; DHHR placement into in-state and out-of-state residential
treatment centers

Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Ten designated reentry court counties: Grant, Tucker, Mineral, Berkeley, Morgan, Jefferson,
Hampshire, Hardy, Pendleton, and Marion
Mandatory
All participants are on juvenile probation

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

In development; will be organized after all Community Advisory Boards are organized in RCP
site counties
Judicial branch (circuit court judge)
3

Phase 1: Institutional Phase
Duration: Entire incarceration period
Assessments: DJS tools include the Y-LSI,
psychological substance abuse assessment,
and early home visit with family. DHHR
tools include the CAFAS, psychological
assessment, substance abuse assessment,
and an early home visit. Sex offender
assessments are used as needed.

210

National Portrait of SVORI

Components/services offered within
phase:

• Monthly CRC visits with offenders (more
often as needed); pre-release visit with
offender’s family

• Intensive case management work by
Community Resource Coordinator (CRC) • Periodic reviews and updates to the
assigned to participant; CRCs are
reentry plan by the transition team
institutional and community-based
(institutional staff and community
reentry case managers who work with
members)
offenders, families, transition teams, and Coordination of services:
key community service providers
• CRC begins to contact appropriate
• Individual Reentry Plan (IRP)
community service providers that could
development by CRC; IRP is incorporated help meet the offender’s specific reentry
into the offender’s regular treatment plan
needs
during commitment and remains in place
throughout the reentry process

WV DJS

Phase 2: Transition Phase

Reentry Court Program

Duration: 2 months prior to release
through 6 months following release

• Use of graduated sanctions and rewards
at monthly court progress hearings to
help keep offender on track with reentry
goals and recognize achievements

Assessments: Y-LSI

Coordination of services:

• Continued family and offender assistance
• Monthly court progress review hearings
• Continued use of graduated sanctions
and rewards

• Offenders graduate from RCP when the
• CRC will “back in” community service
Circuit Court Judge determines that they
providers prior to offender’s release when
have consistently maintained stability at
possible; CRC will link offender to
• Monthly reviews of the IRP goals by CRC
home, at work, at school, and within the
targeted community service providers
with offender prior to release; reentry
community; offenders are expelled from
through day visits in community prior to
goals modified as needed
RCP if taken off probation, if probation is
release so immediate delivery of service
revoked, or if they commit a new offense
• Intensive case management pre-release by
can begin upon release
CRC; includes second pre-release family
Coordination of services:
• RCP Project Director and CRC work
visit
• RCP Project Director organizes
closely with judges, juvenile probation
• Participation in pre-release process,
officers, attorneys, families, offenders, and Community Advisory Boards whose
including day visits to targeted
members are key community leaders
key community service providers to help
community resources and attendance at
directly involved with and/or can leverage
meet reentry needs of released offenders
release hearing
services for young offenders returning to
the community; discussions include
• Monthly reviews of IRP with CRC,
Phase 3: Community Phase
barriers and solutions, existing and
offender, and family members following
(Sustain Support)
needed resources, and funding
release; reentry goals modified as needed
Duration: 4–12 months following release
possibilities; CRC attends meetings
• Monthly court progress review hearings
Assessments: No specific assessments
• RCP Project Director and CRC continue
(includes Circuit Court Juvenile Judge,
administered in this phase
to work closely with judges, juvenile
CRC, Juvenile Probation Officer,
probation officers, attorneys, Workforce
Prosecuting Attorney, Defense Attorney,
Components/services offered within
Investment Board and Youth Councils,
family, and other service providers)
phase:
Social Security Administration, and key
• Intensive case management post-release
• Monthly reviews of the IRP goals by CRC
community service providers to help
by CRC; includes frequent home and
with offender and family members;
meet the reentry needs of the offender
school visits with offender and
reentry goals modified as needed
and his/her family
monitoring through contacts with
•
Continued
weekly
home
and
school
visits
employers, schools, therapists, and
by the CRC according to level of need and
juvenile probation officers to ensure
risk; frequency of home and school visits
compliance with IRP goals
is gradually reduced based on progress of
• Direct assistance to family from CRC
IRP goals
(e.g., arranging appointments, completing
forms, arranging linkages to assistance
agencies)
Components/services offered within
phase:

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Creation of a fully funded program

• Inclusion of all juveniles in state in reentry program since
DHHR has been added

• Additional trainings, more office space, and housing start-up
costs
• Leveraging for the 18–21 population

National Portrait of SVORI

211

WISCONSIN

SVORI Grantees in Wisconsin

• Wisconsin Department of
Wisconsin has one SVORI grantee focused on juveniles returning to Brown
Corrections (WI DOC)
and Milwaukee counties (depicted in the map below). During 2001–2002, a
task force from the Division of Juvenile Corrections (DJC) determined that
youth in the Serious Juvenile Offender Program (SJOP) presented the highest level of challenge and risk to the
community. In order for youth to be placed in SJOP, their offenses must
qualify under the SJOP statute, and they must present a significant risk to
Wisconsin SVORI Target Areas
the community if not placed in a secure facility. SJOP youth remain in
juvenile correctional institutions longer than other juvenile offenders do
(and they also remain under community supervision longer); longer
periods of incarceration afford greater opportunities to provide
comprehensive services and to prepare youth for reentry. The Going
Home project will also consider serious and violent juvenile offenders
who were adjudicated for an offense included in the SJOP statute but
who were not placed in SJOP, and other youth with serious offense
Brown
histories at high risk of reoffending.

Milwaukee

Adult

Juvenile

Both

SVORI Grantee: Wisconsin Department of Corrections
SVORI website

http://www.wi-doc.com/going_home.htm

Data management system

Juvenile Justice Information System

Local evaluation planned

Yes

Program name

Wisconsin Going Home

WI DOC

Going Home

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

51–100

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–25; SJOP offenders; those who have committed violent offenses (1st and 2nd degree
intentional homicide, 1st degree reckless homicide, 1st degree sexual assault, kidnapping,
arson, armed burglary, and robbery); and history of 2 or more adjudications (not required,
but favored)

Exclusion criteria

None

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

212

Male and female juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

All State secured juvenile correctional facilities
Brown and Milwaukee counties
Voluntary
Most participants are transferred to an institution-without-walls status known as “Type 2
secured” correctional facility (i.e., not released or paroled, but transferred to community while
retaining institution status)

WI DOC

Going Home

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Wisconsin Going Home Steering Committee
Office of Juvenile Offender Review
3

Phase 1: Institutional
Duration: 6 months minimum (generally
15–20 months)
Assessments: Wisconsin Juvenile Aftercare
Risk Assessment, Wisconsin Delinquency
Youth Assessment, and Wisconsin
Delinquency Family Assessment
Components/services offered within
phase:
• Life Work Education (LWE) integrates
age-appropriate career development
competencies and assists the student in
relating those skills to the working world

parent/guardian, treatment social worker,
reintegration social worker, teacher, field
agent, and other persons and agencies
central to the youth’s reentry plan

Coordination of services:
• RCM and the Transition Team

Phase 3: Stabilization

Coordination of services:

Duration: 6 months minimum (may be up
• RCM will work with family to identify the to 24 months)
academic and employment needs of
Assessments: Youth Risk Reassessment
parents and siblings
Components/services offered within
phase:
Phase 2: Transition
Duration: 4 months minimum

Assessments: Wisconsin Juvenile Aftercare
Risk Assessment, Wisconsin Delinquency
Youth Assessment, and Wisconsin
• Juvenile Cognitive Interventions Program
Delinquency Family Assessment
(JCIP), a cognitive restructuring program
Components/services offered within
designed to help youth build cognitive
phase:
skills

• Workforce development program to
• Specific targeted services include, as
provide youth who meet the out-ofneeded, substance abuse treatment,
school definition an opportunity to
mental health counseling, medical
transition workforce development and
services, dental services, employment
education programming from the
skills/vocational training, education,
institution to the community
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
• Specific targeted services include, as
and intervention, life skills training, anger needed, substance abuse treatment,
management, faith-based services, and a
mental health counseling, LWE, JCIP,
serious sex offender program
employment skills/vocational training,
education, crisis stabilization, mentoring,
• Reentry Case Manager (RCM) and the
and housing assistance
Transition Team, consists of the youth,

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
services, dental services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, life skills training, anger
management, faith-based services, and sex
offender treatment
Coordination of services:
• RCM and the Transition Team

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• WI DOC’s Division of Juvenile Corrections (DJC) will
compare and contrast the implementation of the Going
Home project in the two settings (Milwaukee and Brown
counties), which have differing demographics, to evaluate its
effectiveness across settings

• Needs assessment conducted prior to release to assist in
development of reentry plan

• DJC will build effective aspects of the Going Home model to
serve its overall institution and field operations as
appropriate

• Transition Team used in the facility and in the community to
work with specific offenders
• Community service partners come into the institution and
meet with the offenders
• Representatives from multiple agencies meet to discuss
specific cases

National Portrait of SVORI

213

WYOMING

SVORI Grantees in Wyoming

• Wyoming Department of
Wyoming has one SVORI grantee with two administratively distinct reentry
Corrections (WY DOC)
programs. One program targets adult offenders returning to Campbell,
Laramie, Natrona, and Sweetwater counties (depicted in the map below),
and the other targets juvenile offenders returning to Campbell, Fremont, and Sheridan counties (also shown). The line
chart below provides BJS statistics on adult prison admission and release trends in Wyoming over a 24-year period.
Wyoming SVORI Target Areas

Wyoming Adult Prison Admissions and Releases, 1978–2002
10000

Sheridan
Campbell

Fremont

Natrona
Casper

Sweetwater

Number of Admissions/Releases

9000

Admissions
Releases

8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000

Laramie
Cheyenne

0
78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02

Juvenile

Adult

Both

Year
Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail
Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

SVORI Grantee: Wyoming Department of Corrections
SVORI website

None

Data management system

Using a SVORI-specific MIS

Local evaluation planned

The WY Statistical Analysis Center is conducting local evaluations

Program names

Wyoming Reentry Program for Adults
Wyoming Reentry Program for Juveniles

WY DOC: PROGRAM 1

Reentry Program for Adults

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

51–100

Inclusion criteria

Ages 18–35, violent criminal history, and high risk of recidivism

Exclusion criteria

Offenders who, as a result of forensic assessment, are considered to present an undue risk to
the community

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

214

Male and female adults

National Portrait of SVORI

Wyoming State Penitentiary (Rawlins) and Wyoming Women's Center (Lusk)
Campbell, Laramie, Natrona, and Sweetwater counties
Voluntary
Participants are under parole supervision

WY DOC: PROGRAM 1

Reentry Program for Adults

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

Reentry Program Steering Committee—State-level coordinating team
Wyoming Board of Parole
3

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Duration: 10–12 months

Duration: 10–12 months

Duration: 9–12 months

Assessments: LSI-R, ASI, TABE, ONET
Assessment Inventories, and if indicated
the MMPI, PCL-R, HCR-20, SVR-20,
VRAG, and SORAG

Assessments: LSI-R, ASI, COMPAS
Assessments: LSI-R, ASI, COMPAS
(expected), and any other clinically
(anticipated), and other mental health
relevant mental health or substance abuse and substance abuse assessments as
assessments
clinically indicated

Components/services offered within
phase:

Components/services offered within
phase:

Components/services offered within
phase:

• Offenders are assigned to a Community
• Ongoing assessment and, case
• Services initiated in earlier phases are
Reentry Case Manager who is responsible
management is provided by the offenders
continued as needed
for facilitating assessment and case
Community Reentry Case Manager
Coordination of services:
planning
• Services initiated in Phase 1 are continued • Community Reentry Case Manager
• Offenders are assigned to a caseworker at • Job development activities, such as
remains involved; however, the
the Wyoming Department of Workforce
presentations, job search tools, and Labor
Community Transition Team takes a
Services who will assess their skills and
Exchange, are intensified through services more active role
provide community, economic, and
provided at One-Stop Centers
workforce outlook information and an
overview of the workforce programs and • Support is provided in accessing Food
Stamps, TANF, and vocational
services available in the community
rehabilitation services
where the offender intends to return
(including information on the Temporary Coordination of services:
Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
• Intensive Supervision Program Agent or
program)
Parole Agent and the Community Reentry
• Offenders are provided with information
Case Manager
on I-9 forms, the Federal Bonding
Program, the Work Opportunity Tax
Credit, and Welfare-to-Work programs
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, medical
services, dental services, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, life skills training, anger
management, cognitive behavior
program, and faith-based services
Coordination of services:
• Reentry Team

National Portrait of SVORI

215

WY DOC: PROGRAM 1

Reentry Program for Adults

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Regular feedback mechanism among agencies to ensure that
the collaboration is working

• Involvement of offenders’ families in reentry planning

• Task force of agencies to set guidelines for supervision of
offenders returning to the community

• Use of a transition team that includes staff from within the
institution and from community agencies

• Community Transition Team that meets with offenders postrelease as part of the supervision process

• Provision of a core curriculum to offenders prior to release

• Use of needs and risk assessments to develop a reentry plan

• Specific case manager from a community-based organization
who brokers post-release services
• Permission for community service providers to come into the
institution to meet with offenders

WY DOC: PROGRAM 2

Reentry Program for Juveniles

TARGET POPULATION
Population type
Number of targeted prisoners

Male and female juveniles
51–100

Inclusion criteria

Ages 14–17 serious and violent offenders

Exclusion criteria

Juveniles who have not been placed at the Wyoming Boys' School and Wyoming Girls' School
and/or have been assessed to be low risk

Pre-release facilities
Post-release locations
Participation
Legal release status

Wyoming Boys' School (Worland) and Wyoming Girls' School (Sheridan)
Campbell, Fremont, and Sheridan counties
Voluntary
Most are under the probation supervision of the Wyoming Department of Family Services

PROGRAM ORGANIZATION AND SERVICES
Steering committee
Post-release reentry authority
Number of phases

216

National Portrait of SVORI

Reentry Program Steering Committee—State-level coordinating team
Juvenile Court judges
3

WY DOC: PROGRAM 2

Phase 1: Institutionally Based
Programs
Duration: 10–12 months
Assessments: YFS risk and needs
assessment, Woodcock-Johnson
Educational Achievement Test Battery,
and California Achievement Test/5
Components/services offered within
phase:

Reentry Program for Juveniles
violence prevention and intervention, life
skills training, anger management, faithbased services, and community service
Coordination of services:
• Aftercare case manager

Phase 2: Community-Based
Transition
Duration: 9–12 months

• Individualized education plan based on
assessments that are provided to
instructors to determine educational
tracks

Assessments: YFS risk and needs
assessment

• Mentoring program matching offenders
with individuals in occupational fields of
interest and arranging for employment
either on institutional groups or in the
community

• Cultural competency/diversity needs of
offender are addressed in the plan,
including establishing appropriate
services

• Cultural competency/diversity needs of
offender incorporated into the plan
• Specific services include, as needed,
substance abuse treatment, mental health
counseling, medical services, dental
services, employment skills/vocational
training, education, housing assistance,
parenting skills training, domestic

Components/services offered within
phase:

Coordination of services:
• Probation officer and aftercare team

Phase 3: Community-Based LongTerm Support
Duration: 10–12 months
Assessments: YFS risk and needs
assessment
Components/services offered within
phase:
• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, life skills training, anger
management, faith-based services, and
community service

• Specific targeted services include, as
needed, substance abuse treatment,
Coordination of services:
mental health counseling, employment
skills/vocational training, education,
• Probation officer and aftercare team
housing assistance, parenting skills
training, domestic violence prevention
and intervention, life skills training, anger
management, faith-based services, and
community service

CHANGES EXPECTED AS A RESULT OF SVORI FUNDING
System-level changes

Individual-level changes

• Collaboration among State agencies

• Incorporation of community service and restitution

• Risk assessment training

• Assignment of community mentors in areas of occupational
interest to the offender

• Emphasis on cultural competency of offenders and their
families

• Involvement of offender family members in reentry planning
and implementation

National Portrait of SVORI

217

218

National Portrait of SVORI

REFERENCES

Aarons, G.A., S.A. Brown, R.L. Hough, A.F. Garland, and P.A. Wood (2001). “Prevalence of Adolescent Substance Use Disorders
Across Five Sectors of Care.” Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 40(4): 419–426.
Altschuler, D.M., and R. Brash (2004). “Adolescent and Teenage Offenders Confronting the Challenges and Opportunities of
Reentry.” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice. 2(1): 72–87.
Andrews, D., and J. Bonta (1998). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct, 2nd Edition. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
Banks, D., and D.C. Gottfredson (2003). “The Effects of Drug Treatment and Supervision on Time to Rearrest Among Drug
Treatment Court Participants.” Journal of Drug Issues. 33(2): 385–412.
Beck, A., D. Gilliard, L. Greenfeld, C. Harlow, T. Hester, L. Jankowski, T. Snell, J. Stephan, and D. Morton (1993). “Survey of
State Prison Inmates, 1991.” (NCJ 136949) Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Belenko, S. (2001). Research on Drug Courts: A Critical Review 2001 Update. The National Center on Addiction and Substance
Abuse.
Blumstein, A., and A.J. Beck (1999). “Population Growth in U.S. Prisons, 1980–1996.” In M. Tonry and J. Petersilia (Eds.),
Prisons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bureau of Justice Statistics (2000). “Correctional Populations in the United States, 1997.” (NCJ 177613) Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
Bushway, S., and P. Reuter (2001). “Labor Markets and Crime.” In J. Petersilia and J.Q. Wilson (Eds.), Crime, 3rd Edition. San
Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies Press.
Butts, J.A., and D.P. Mears (2001). “Reviving Juvenile Justice in a Get-Tough Era.” Youth and Society. 33(2): 169–198.
Fielding, J.E., G. Tye, P.L. Ogawa, I.J. Imam, and A.M. Long (2002). “Los Angeles County Drug Court Programs: Initial
Results.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 23(3): 217–24.
Gaes, G.G., T.J. Flanagan, L.L. Motiuk, and L. Stewart (1999). “Adult Correctional Treatment.” In M. Tonry and J. Petersilia
(Eds.), Prisons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gottfredson, D.C., Exum, M.L. (2002). “The Baltimore City Drug Treatment Court: One-Year Results from a Randomized
Study.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 39(3): 337–356.
Hammett, T.M., C. Roberts, and S. Kennedy (2001). “Health-Related Issues in Prisoner Reentry.” Crime and Delinquency.
47(3): 390–409.
Harris, P. (2003). “Detention in Delinquency Cases, 1990–1999.” OJJDP Fact Sheet. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of
Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Harrison, P. and J. Karberg (2004). “Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2003.” Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin (NCJ 203947).
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice.
Holzer, H., S. Raphael, and M. Stoll (2002). “Can Employers Play a More Positive Role in Prisoner Reentry?” A paper prepared
for the Urban Institute’s Reentry Roundtable, March 20–21, 2002.
Howell, J.C. (2003). Preventing and Reducing Juvenile Delinquency: A Comprehensive Framework. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hughes, T., and D. Wilson (2003). “Reentry Trends in the United States: Inmates Returning to the Community After Serving
Time in Prison.” Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/reentry/reentry.htm
Hughes, T., D. Wilson, and A. Beck (2001). “Trends in State Parole, 1990–2000.” Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report (NCJ
184735). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice.
Krisberg, B., and J.C. Howell (1998) “The Impact of the Juvenile Justice System and Prospects for Graduated Sanctions in a
Comprehensive Strategy.” In R. Loeber and D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and
Successful Interventions (pp. 346–360). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
National Portrait of SVORI

219

Langan, P., and D. Levin (2002). “Recidivism of Prisoners Released in 1994.” Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report (NCJ
193427). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice.
Legal Action Center (2004). After Prison: Roadblocks To Reentry: A Report on State Legal Barriers Facing People with Criminal
Records. http://www.lac.org/roadblock.html. Accessed May 27, 2004.
Lindquist, C., J. Hardison, and P.K. Lattimore (in press). “The Reentry Court Initiative: Court-based strategies for managing
released prisoners.” Justice Research and Policy.
Lurigio, A.J. (2001). “Effective Services for Parolees with Mental Illnesses.” Crime and Delinquency. Vol. 47(3): 446–461.
Lynch, J., and W. Sabol (2001). “Prisoner Reentry in Perspective.” Crime Policy Report. Vol. 3. Washington, DC: The Urban
Institute.
Martinson, R. (1974). “What Works? Questions and Answers About Prison Reform.” The Public Interest. 36: 22–54.
Massachusetts Taxpayers Foundation (2003). “State Spending More on Prisons than Higher Education.” Bulletin.
http://www.masstaxpayers.org/data/pdf/bulletins/11-24-03%20Corrections%20Bulletin.PDF. Accessed January 13, 2004.
Mears, D.P. (2000). “Assessing the Effectiveness of Juvenile Justice Reforms: A Closer Look at the Criteria and the Impacts on
Diverse Stakeholders.” Law and Policy. 22(2): 175–202.
Mears, D.P., and J. Travis (2003) “Youth Development and Reentry.” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 1(1): 1–18.
Mumola, C.J. (1999). “Substance Abuse and Treatment, State and Federal Prisoners, 1997.” Bureau of Justice Statistics Special
Report (NCJ 172871). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice.
Mumola, C.J. (2000). “Incarcerated Parents and Their Children.” Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report (NCJ 182335).
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice.
National Governors’ Association (March 2004). “NGA 2004 Winter Meeting Special Session on the National Challenge of
Prisoner Reentry.” http://www.nga.org/center/divisions/1,1188,T_CEN_ESS^C_ISSUE_BRIEF^D_6538,00.html. Accessed
March 11, 2004.
Peter D. Hart Research Associates, Inc. (2002). The New Politics of Criminal Justice: Summary of Findings. Washington, D.C.:
Author.
Petersilia, J. (2003). When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Rutherford, R.B., M. Bullis, C. Wheeler Anderson, and H.M. Griller-Clark (2002). Youth with Disabilities in the Correctional
System: Prevalence Rates and Identification Issues. College Park, MD: Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice,
American Institutes for Research.
Seiter, R.P., and K.R. Kadela (2003). “Prisoner Reentry: What Works, What Doesn’t, and What’s Promising” Crime and
Delinquency. Vol. 49(3): 360–388.
Seymour, A. (2001). The Victim Role in Offender Reentry: A Community Response Manual. Lexington, Kentucky: American
Probation and Parole Association.
Sickmund, M. (2003). “Juveniles in Court.” National Report Series Bulletin. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office
of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Snyder, H.N. (2004). “An Empirical Portrait of the Youth Reentry Population.” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice. 2(1): 39–55.
Snyder, H.N., and M. Sickmund (1999). Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 1999 National Report. National Center for Juvenile
Justice. September.
Teplin, L.A., K.M. Abram, G.M. McClelland, M.K. Dulcan, and A.A. Mericla (2002). “Psychiatric Disorders in Youth Juvenile
Detention.” Archives of General Psychiatry. 59: 1133–1143.
Tonry, M. (September 1999). “The Fragmentation of Sentencing and Corrections in America.” Sentencing & Corrections, Issues
for the 21st Century, No. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, NCJ 175721.

220

National Portrait of SVORI

Travis, J., and S. Lawrence (2002). Beyond the Prison Gates: The State of Parole in America. Washington, D.C.: The Urban
Institute.
Travis, J. (May 2000). “But They All Come Back: Rethinking Prisoner Reentry.” Sentencing & Corrections: Issues for the 21st
Century, No. 7. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.
Turner, S., D. Longshore, S. Wenzel, E. Deschenes, P. Greenwood, T. Fain, A. Harrell, A. Morral, F. Taxman, M. Igushi, J.
Greene, and D. McBride (2002). “A Decade of Drug Treatment Court Research.” Substance Use Misuse. 37(12-13):
1489–527.
Wool, J., and D. Stemen (2004). Issues in Brief: Changing Fortunes of Changing Attitudes? Sentencing and Corrections Reforms in
2003. New York: Vera Institute of Justice.

National Portrait of SVORI

221

222

National Portrait of SVORI

APPENDIX

A

SVORI GRANTEES AND PROGRAMS

Exhibit A-1. SVORI Grantees

Funded
Amount

Date 10%
Funding
Released
11/22/02

Date Full
Funding
Released

State

Grantee(s)

Target
Population

Alabama

Alabama Department of Youth Services

Juveniles

$974,006

Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs

Adults

$1,006,075

Alaska Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,407,000

11/29/02

3/3/04

Alaska Department of Health and Social Services

Juveniles

$593,000

11/29/03

4/21/03

Arizona

Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections

Juveniles

$2,000,000

12/3/02

3/13/03

Arkansas

Arkansas Department of Community Correction

Combination

$2,000,000

12/2/02

12/29/03

California

City of Oakland Combination

Combination

$1,988,531

Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,000,000

11/25/02

3/5/03

Colorado

Colorado Department of Corrections

Combination

$2,000,000

11/25/02

3/19/04

Connecticut

Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services

Adults

$1,993,496

11/29/02

12/19/03

Delaware

Delaware Health and Social Services

Adults

$1,999,997

District of Columbia District of Columbia Justice Grant Administration

Adults

$1,000,000

11/25/02

3/30/04

Florida

Florida Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,000,000

11/25/02

1/2/04

Florida Department of Juvenile Justice

Juveniles

$1,000,000

9/25/02

2/26/03

Georgia

Georgia Criminal Justice Coordinating Council

Combination

$2,000,000

1/22/02

1/21/04

Hawaii

Hawaii Department of Public Safety

Adults

$2,000,000

11/27/02

Idaho

Idaho Department of Correction

Combination

$2,000,000

12/6/02

4/25/03

Illinois

Illinois Department of Corrections

Combination

$2,000,000

11/29/02

12/11/03

Indiana

Indiana Department of Corrections

Combination

$2,000,000

Iowa

Iowa Department of Corrections

Adults

$2,000,000

12/6/02

Kansas

Kansas Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,000,000

11/27/02

Kansas Juvenile Justice Authority

Juveniles

$1,000,000

12/17/02

8/19/03

Kentucky

Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice

Juveniles

$1,411,899

11/27/02

10/14/03

Louisiana

Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections Services

Combination

$2,000,000

11/22/02

11/22/03

Maine

Maine Department of Corrections

Combination

$1,999,936

11/22/02

Maryland

Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services

Combinations $2,000,000

11/22/02

4/14/04

Massachusetts

Massachusetts Department of Youth Services

Juveniles

$999,668

7/7/03

1/22/04

Massachusetts Department of Correction

Adults

$1,000,077

11/25/02

1/29/04

Michigan Family Independence Agency

Juveniles

$1,000,000

11/27/02

11/17/03

Michigan Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,000,000

11/22/02

4/23/04

Minnesota

Minnesota Department of Corrections

Combination

$2,000,000

11/22/02

Mississippi

Mississippi Department of Corrections

Combination

$2,000,000

11/25/02

Missouri

Missouri Department of Social Services

Juveniles

$700,688

Missouri Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,296,044

Montana Department of Corrections

Juveniles

$2,000,000

Alaska

Michigan

Montana

3/19/04

3/18/03
6/5/03

11/25/02

1/5/04
3/6/03

National Portrait of SVORI

A-1

Exhibit A-1. SVORI Grantees (continued)
Date 10%
Funding
Released

Date Full
Funding
Released

State

Grantee(s)

Target
Population

Nebraska

Nebraska Department of Correctional Services

Adults

$2,070,000

Nevada

Nevada Department of Human Resources

Juvenile

$520,977

12/17/02

3/19/04

Nevada Department of Corrections

Combination

$1,479,007

11/25/02

11/21/03

New Hampshire

New Hampshire Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,999,923

New Jersey

New Jersey State Parole Board

Combination

$1,999,465

New Mexico

New Mexico Corrections Department

Adults

$1,999,996

11/25/02

11/17/03

New York

New York Department of Correctional Services

Adults

$999,183

11/27/02

New York State Office of Children and Family Services

Juveniles

$1,000,189

12/17/02

5/15/03

North Carolina Department of Correction

Adults

$1,300,000

11/22/02

1/21/04

North Carolina

Funded
Amount

North Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Juveniles

$700,000

North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation,
Division of Field Services

Adults

$314,243

12/17/02

North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation,
Division of Juvenile Services

Juveniles

$785,779

11/25/02

Ohio

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction

Adults

$1,998,014

11/25/02

12/4/03

Oklahoma

Oklahoma Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,000,608

Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs

Juveniles

$997,370

11/27/02

4/23/03

Oregon

Oregon Department of Corrections

Combination

$2,000,000

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,990,990

11/22/02

11/21/03

Rhode Island

Rhode Island Department of Corrections

Combination

$1,907,014

South Carolina

South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice

Juveniles

$999,989

11/25/02

2/14/03

South Carolina Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,000,002

South Dakota

South Dakota Department of Corrections

Juveniles

$1,999,705

11/17/02

4/22/03

Tennessee

Tennessee Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,064,000

11/22/03

Tennessee Department of Children Services

Juveniles

$936,000

3/12/03

Texas

Texas Department of Criminal Justice

Adults

$1,940,963

11/25/02

U.S. Virgin Islands

Virgin Islands Bureau of Corrections

Adults

$1,000,000

11/25/02

Utah

Utah Department of Human Services

Juveniles

$1,000,000

12/6/02

Utah Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,000,000

Vermont

Vermont Department of Corrections

Combination

$2,000,000

11/25/02

Virginia

Virginia Department of Corrections

Adults

$1,999,971

11/29/02

Washington

Washington State Department of Corrections

Combination

$2,000,000

11/25/02

West Virginia

West Virginia Division of Corrections

Adults

$1,000,288

11/25/02

West Virginia Division of Juvenile Services

Juveniles

$998,753

11/25/02

8/8/03

Wisconsin

Wisconsin Department of Corrections

Juveniles

$2,000,000

3/4/03

6/10/03

Wyoming

Wyoming Department of Corrections

Combination

$1,833,842

11/22/02

North Dakota

A-2

National Portrait of SVORI

11/21/03
2/14/03

8/25/03

4/17/03

5/5/04

Exhibit A-2. SVORI Programs

State

Grantee

Program

Alabama

Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs

Adult Females

Alabama Department of Youth Services

Going Home to Mobile

Alaska Department of Health and Social Services

Alaska Youth Reentry Initiative

Alaska Department of Corrections

Alaska Adult "Going Home"

Arizona

Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections

Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections Re-entry Initiative

Arkansas

Arkansas Department of Community Correction

Arkansas Juvenile

Alaska

Arkansas Adult
California

Colorado

City of Oakland

Project Choice

California Department of Corrections

Going Home Los Angeles (GHLA)

Colorado Department of Corrections

Colorado Reentry Court for the Seriously Mentally Ill
Colorado Affirms Reentry Efforts (CARE)—Adults
Colorado Affirms Reentry Efforts (CARE)—Youthful Offender
System
Colorado Affirms Reentry Efforts (CARE)—Juenile

Connecticut

Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services

Connecticut Offender Reentry Program

Delaware

Delaware Health and Social Services

Delaware Offender Reentry Project

District of Columbia District of Columbia Justice Grant Administration

District of Columbia Offender Reentry

Florida

Florida Department of Juvenile Justice

Going Home

Florida Department of Corrections

The Serious and Violent Reentry Initiative

Georgia

Georgia Criminal Justice Coordinating Council

Georgia Reentry Initiative

Hawaii

Hawaii Department of Public Safety

Being Empowered and Safe Together Reintegration (BEST)

Idaho

Idaho Department of Correction

Idaho SVORI
Juvenile Reentry Program

Illinois

Illinois Department of Corrections

Illinois Going Home

Indiana

Indiana Department of Corrections

Allen County Adult Program
Allen County Juvenile Program
Marion County Juvenile Program
Marion County Adult Program

Iowa

Iowa Department of Corrections

Going Home KEYS—Keys Essential to Your Success
Going Home Reentry Grant

Kansas

Kansas Department of Corrections

Shawnee County Reentry Program (SCRP)

Kansas Juvenile Justice Authority

Going Home Initiative (GHI)

Kentucky

Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice

Kentucky Juvenile

Louisiana

Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections Services

CORe—Corrections Organized for Re-Entry
CORe—Corrections Organized for Re-Entry
Juvenile Program

Maine

Maine Department of Corrections

Maine Reentry Network—Juvenile
Maine Reentry Network—Adult

National Portrait of SVORI

A-3

Exhibit A-2. SVORI Programs (continued)
State

Grantee

Program

Maryland

Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services

Reentry Partnership (REP)
Juvenil Reentry Program

Massachusetts

Michigan

Massachusetts Department of Correction

Massachusetts Adult

Massachusetts Department of Youth Services

Going Home—Massachusetts Juvenile Program

Michigan Family Independence Agency

Wayne County Going Home Grant
Berrien County Going Home Grant
Jackson County Going Home Grant
Muskegon County Going Home Grant

Michigan Department of Corrections

Michigan Reentry Initiative - Walk With Me (MRI-WWM)

Minnesota

Minnesota Department of Corrections

Minnesota Serious & Violent Youthful Offender Reentry Project

Mississippi

Mississippi Department of Corrections

Mississippi Reentry—Mississippi "Going Home" Reentry
Program
Mississippi Reentry Juvenile

Missouri

Missouri Department of Social Services

Going Home

Missouri Department of Corrections

Project Connect

Montana

Montana Department of Corrections

Offender Reentry

Nebraska

Nebraska Department of Correctional Services

Nebraska Adult

Nevada

Nevada Department of Human Resources

Going Home Reentry Program

Nevada Department of Corrections

Going Home Prepared

New Hampshire

New Hampshire Department of Corrections

NH DOC Reentry Initiative

New Jersey

New Jersey State Parole Board

NJ State Parole Board - Young Adults
NJ State Parole Board - Adults

New Mexico

New Mexico Corrections Department

Safe Community Reentry

New York

New York State Office of Children and Family Services

Back to Your Future

New York Department of Correctional Services

NYS Targeted Assessment & Reentry Program (TARP)

North Carolina Department of Correction

Going Home Initiative (GHI)

North Carolina

North Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention CORE Project
North Dakota

North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation,
Division of Field Services

Reentry Program

North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation,
Division of Juvenile Services

Juvenile Program

Ohio

Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction

Community-Oriented Reentry Program (CORE)

Oklahoma

Oklahoma Department of Corrections

Partnership for Reintegration of Offenders Through Employment
and Community Treatment in Oklahoma County
(PROTECT)—Oklahoma County

Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs

Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative

Oregon

Oregon Department of Corrections Oregon

Going Home Initiative

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Department of Corrections

Erie, PA Reentry Project (EPRP)

A-4

National Portrait of SVORI

Exhibit A-2. SVORI Programs (continued)
State

Grantee

Program

Rhode Island

Rhode Island Department of Corrections

Challenging Offenders to Maintain Positive Associations
and Social Stability (COMPASS)—Adult
Challenging Offenders to Maintain Positive Associations
and Social Stability (COMPASS)—Juvenile

South Carolina

South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice

Reintegration Initiative

South Carolina Department of Corrections

SVORI

South Dakota

South Dakota Department of Corrections

Going Home Intensive Aftercare Program

Tennessee

Tennessee Department of Children Services

Tennessee Intensive Aftercare Program

Tennessee Department of Corrections

Tennessee Bridges

Texas

Texas Department of Criminal Justice

Texas SVORI Ad Seg Adults

U.S. Virgin Islands

Virgin Islands Bureau of Corrections

Virgin Islands Reentry Initiative

Utah

Utah Department of Human Services

Utah County Aftercare Program (UCAP)

Utah Department of Corrections

The Reentry STEP Program

Vermont

Vermont Department of Corrections

Restorative Reentry

Virginia

Virginia Department of Corrections

Virginia Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative
(VASAVOR)—Going Home to Stay

Washington

Washington State Department of Corrections

Washington "Going Home"

West Virginia

West Virginia Division of Juvenile Services

Re-entry Court Program (RCP)

West Virginia Division of Corrections

West Virginia Offender Reentry Program

Wisconsin

Wisconsin Department of Corrections

Wisconsin Going Home

Wyoming

Wyoming Department of Corrections

Wyoming Reentry Program for Adults
Wyoming Reentry Program for Juveniles

National Portrait of SVORI

A-5

A-6

National Portrait of SVORI

APPENDIX

B

ADMISSION AND RELEASE TRENDS BY STATE

Exhibit B-1. Adult Prison Admissions by State (1978-2001)
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

2,815
280
1,908
1,975
12,419
1,522
2,103
693
3,628
8,888
5,742
205
653
6,513
2,590
993
1,653
2,554
2,528
489
4,932
1,639
7,151
1,373
1,277
2,590
472
563
842
214
3,707
766
8,872
7,591
153
7,148
2,300
2,103
3,654
239
3,333
352
3,175
12,695
448
299
3,507
2,518
453
1,633
232

2,819
337
1,977
2,218
15,940
1,361
3,126
462
2,273
9,011
5,919
206
658
6,740
3,062
1,199
1,612
2,757
2,268
546
5,237
1,615
6,547
1,410
2,407
2,615
397
525
941
213
3,768
837
9,515
8,710
148
8,196
2,850
2,450
3,515
279
3,765
343
3,584
13,383
492
262
3,824
2,287
583
1,593
264

3,774
401
2,276
2,329
14,487
1,556
3,159
429
2,327
10,235
6,893
246
612
8,068
3,726
1,293
1,674
3,002
3,166
564
5,307
1,740
6,684
1,163
1,930
3,112
411
821
1,087
216
3,935
667
10,265
8,354
195
9,367
2,663
2,463
4,254
326
4,236
389
3,720
15,363
569
412
3,734
2,453
616
1,948
258

4,025
502
2,919
2,452
18,024
1,860
2,671
735
2,421
13,579
7,826
243
755
11,987
4,384
1,753
1,876
3,366
2,957
525
5,963
2,179
7,030
1,294
2,880
3,473
550
947
1,195
290
4,399
1,255
12,481
9,402
208
10,567
2,885
2,605
5,129
364
4,338
405
4,684
16,750
792
428
4,480
2,961
827
2,341
326

4,473
615
3,110
2,350
22,321
2,066
2,786
788
2,721
14,900
9,768
231
826
9,860
4,435
1,813
2,257
3,198
3,873
564
5,226
2,549
7,159
1,540
3,175
3,728
531
695
1,439
282
4,586
1,047
12,716
9,485
249
11,313
3,843
2,913
5,343
435
4,267
481
4,269
21,143
801
341
6,289
2,849
804
2,304
379

4,662
864
3,310
2,229
27,511
2,349
2,815
735
2,576
17,836
10,021
319
872
10,730
4,637
1,970
2,311
3,690
4,538
618
4,555
2,543
7,305
1,480
2,832
3,987
455
613
1,487
284
6,034
1,346
14,747
8,943
311
11,096
4,513
2,986
5,720
510
4,188
533
4,658
22,859
867
289
5,614
2,796
921
2,649
361

4,755
766
3,409
2,204
29,681
2,343
2,781
671
2,623
13,739
9,741
430
852
10,138
4,151
2,020
2,117
2,922
4,305
483
4,174
3,020
7,693
1,499
2,913
4,293
528
635
1,443
304
5,359
1,530
14,848
8,949
240
10,668
4,343
3,517
5,939
454
4,556
595
5,121
23,454
1,057
350
5,233
2,525
868
2,528
340

4,407
903
4,125
2,316
37,883
2,627
2,740
920
3,450
16,416
9,897
437
957
10,787
4,404
2,244
2,229
3,112
3,893
510
4,051
3,305
8,373
1,634
2,925
4,781
555
710
1,739
340
5,893
1,797
15,569
9,269
242
11,118
4,354
3,711
6,172
517
4,949
631
4,855
26,759
995
415
5,357
2,842
897
2,589
401

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)
National Portrait of SVORI

B-1

Exhibit B-1. Adult Prison Admissions by State (1978-2001) (continued)
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

4,284
1,148
4,629
2,299
48,925
2,961
2,716
951
3,305
20,879
10,572
536
912
11,481
4,513
2,286
2,391
3,217
4,446
614
4,495
3,644
8,658
1,665
2,987
5,407
559
822
2,069
407
5,989
1,843
19,111
9,640
296
11,668
5,082
4,112
6,288
545
5,631
735
3,787
32,690
1,018
426
5,944
2,702
664
2,791
348

4,843
1,061
5,534
3,168
59,698
3,355
3,183
1,034
4,096
27,590
12,765
464
931
11,502
4,825
2,516
2,557
2,900
6,032
704
4,929
4,013
9,210
1,812
3,017
6,112
620
835
1,996
435
7,187
1,679
20,255
10,692
313
12,120
5,569
4,956
6,381
467
5,742
677
2,833
34,502
925
455
6,495
2,903
799
2,868
344

5,370
1,053
5,463
2,855
73,398
3,254
4,716
1,041
5,478
36,656
10,635
488
1,059
10,952
5,187
2,756
2,966
3,993
5,662
631
5,635
4,367
11,258
2,197
3,176
6,705
568
1,078
2,541
512
7,707
2,060
23,627
12,601
305
13,978
6,030
5,474
7,099
673
5,830
653
2,322
34,739
1,093
497
7,091
3,233
706
2,775
367

6,801
1,065
6,161
3,543
87,055
3,498
9,702
1,109
5,538
45,611
15,070
455
1,203
14,567
5,304
3,067
3,346
4,465
6,719
965
7,401
5,002
13,405
2,393
3,626
8,727
632
1,259
3,057
577
9,696
2,026
28,498
15,709
337
18,325
6,997
5,829
8,813
800
6,651
813
4,708
36,928
1,392
516
9,190
4,155
925
3,254
422

7,291
1,389
6,657
4,273
95,762
3,439
12,107
1,074
6,106
43,569
17,155
826
1,129
18,309
5,248
3,101
3,609
4,698
7,502
888
8,193
5,311
13,362
2,406
3,785
8,152
662
1,253
3,121
681
10,634
1,914
30,179
18,389
364
19,191
6,432
6,050
9,067
864
6,839
852
4,833
45,829
1,487
679
10,081
4,597
873
3,440
476

7,908
1,341
7,790
4,574
96,865
4,037
11,832
1,206
6,475
37,440
15,812
1,750
1,402
18,880
5,927
2,985
3,477
5,116
8,381
909
8,561
5,485
13,453
2,568
3,910
8,756
643
1,404
3,163
828
12,134
1,632
29,743
21,696
340
22,138
6,243
6,247
9,611
840
7,009
764
6,350
37,820
1,623
470
12,513
4,905
690
3,968
432

8,219
1,491
7,705
4,600
94,477
4,359
9,778
1,323
7,582
34,626
16,423
1,537
1,456
19,929
6,522
3,340
3,705
5,872
10,407
831
9,124
5,402
13,891
2,918
4,494
9,251
698
1,411
3,230
916
12,495
2,255
32,027
24,850
317
23,452
7,228
4,513
10,063
829
8,154
854
6,764
39,886
1,670
482
13,235
5,476
587
4,696
406

8,740
2,613
8,171
3,836
99,189
4,510
7,538
1,327
7,459
32,269
15,264
1,823
1,770
21,717
6,830
3,611
3,853
5,825
11,977
757
8,800
4,862
12,590
3,035
4,768
9,812
680
1,468
3,202
957
12,679
2,334
35,802
25,577
352
22,583
7,049
3,599
9,893
875
8,189
820
6,695
29,916
1,924
497
12,489
5,425
882
5,814
513

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

B-2

National Portrait of SVORI

Exhibit B-1. Adult Prison Admissions by State (1978-2001) (continued)
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
U.S. Virgin Islands
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

8,524
2,306
9,295
4,369
105,299
4,964
1,880
1,254
8,646
29,897
15,374
1,844
1,648
23,345
7,186
4,114
4,025
6,673
12,336
778
9,530
5,513
12,419
3,140
4,362
11,273
888
1,608
3,701
1,065
13,188
2,318
34,557
23,867
400
23,320
7,167
3,184
11,400
934
7,900
869
6,541
44,862
3,193
1,995
444
12,591
5,751
870
6,433
568

8,913
1,999
8,748
5,280
116,613
5,334
1,504
1,327
4,713
26,335
15,407
1,806
2,356
24,371
8,344
4,072
4,129
6,968
12,884
713
9,681
4,106
12,697
3,322
5,091
11,808
844
1,677
3,920
968
15,020
2,346
34,688
19,734
478
22,678
7,726
3,698
11,053
890
8,304
978
7,083
55,432
3,349
2,401
570
11,490
6,169
1,116
6,943
628

9,750
2,377
9,090
5,215
123,876
6,098
1,227
1,481
6,706
24,209
15,714
2,356
2,526
24,541
8,847
4,156
4,244
7,685
14,175
803
9,715
3,412
13,731
3,304
5,467
13,462
1,005
1,724
4,272
996
15,001
2,845
32,152
14,359
585
21,727
7,433
3,712
9,918
1,036
8,243
1,143
8,320
38,716
3,419
2,587
803
9,823
6,462
1,049
7,019
614

9,603
2,685
9,222
5,727
132,523
6,333
2,140
1,762
7,026
25,688
15,379
2,839
2,326
26,683
9,874
4,441
4,173
8,234
15,709
850
10,405
3,435
13,960
3,597
5,684
13,484
1,203
1,647
4,533
1,039
16,212
3,033
29,868
12,316
591
20,151
7,604
3,264
9,584
984
8,210
1,161
9,312
44,417
3,224
2,835
1,057
10,928
6,761
1,077
7,471
693

7,750
2,647
10,175
6,204
134,485
6,881
1,933
1,888
7,613
25,524
15,471
3,481
2,621
27,362
10,566
4,798
4,517
7,989
17,079
795
11,078
3,227
14,435
4,307
6,670
13,660
1,289
1,791
4,773
1,000
16,801
2,347
28,871
11,403
765
20,637
7,297
3,688
10,679
991
8,914
1,337
8,770
59,340
3,156
3,076
824
10,152
7,151
1,444
8,785
757

8,282
2,405
9,021
6,045
130,976
6,702
6,306
2,624
5,733
32,225
19,871
1,533
2,307
27,499
10,564
3,858
4,890
6,867
15,981
731
10,987
2,373
12,075
4,557
5,825
13,526
1,277
1,603
4,479
1,067
15,106
1,826
28,181
10,198
715
21,302
7,635
4,015
11,082 1
2,346
8,261
1,395
13,597
56,361
3,259
3,035
807
8,240
6,795
1,308
8,868
798

6,296
2,427
9,560
6,941
129,640
7,036
6,185
2,709
3,156
35,683
17,373
1,594
3,386
29,344
11,876
4,656
5,002
8,116
15,735
751
10,327
2,062
12,169
4,406
5,796
14,454
1,202
1,688
4,929
1,051
13,653
3,161
27,601
9,848
605
23,780
7,426
4,059
1,777
3,701
8,460
1,400
13,675
58,197
3,834
3,270
984
9,791
7,094
1,577
8,396
638

7,428
2,142
10,000
6,977
126,895
7,252
6,576
2,417
591
35,064
17,342
1,700
2,699
35,289
13,012
4,826
4,502
7,450
15,667
820
10,399
2,215
13,105
4,620
6,880
15,183
1,472
1,783
4,639
1,171
14,422
2,545
25,473
9,433
747
24,399
7,872
4,473
12,811
3,506
9,218
1,556
14,295
61,276
4,454
2,864
972
11,310
7,185
1,783
7,442
731

7,033
2,775
11468
7,080
124,179
7,953
7,169
4,294
36,500
18,078
1,892
3,049
34,467
14,001
5,516
4,881
8,731
15,079
1,026
10,027
1,833
14,411
5,265
5,655
16,637
1,510
1,934
4,844
1,113
14,576
4,009
26,216
9,661
768
25,689
8,269
5,041
13,401
3,760
9,834
1,819
15,022
63,446
4,891
3,064
1,785
11,392
8,305
2,161
7,990
769

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004);
U.S. Virgin Islands data from VI BC

National Portrait of SVORI

B-3

Exhibit B-2. Adult Prison Releases by State (1978-2001)
State

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

2,712
235
1,352
1,581
9,466
1,260
1,651
257
1,551
6,061
5,880
106
566
6,653
2,396
932
1,470
2,672
1,854
441
3,671
1,148
4,930
1,182
1,002
2,157
334
568
617
166
3,548
673
7,498
7,311
168
6,752
2,003
1,953
3,018
227
2,729
320
2,439
9,983
258
268
2,459
1,818
432
1,455
192

2,725
214
1,635
1,687
10,503
1,200
2,726
348
1,559
9,476
4,492
127
550
6,597
2,131
904
1,614
2,312
1,845
430
3,857
1,112
5,297
992
1,618
2,430
300
589
708
167
3,464
787
8,120
6,610
147
7,783
2,615
1,928
3,201
213
3,446
288
2,422
10,429
350
248
3,228
1,918
523
1,494
210

2,884
268
1,457
2,136
12,146
1,222
3,035
406
1,503
8,253
6,097
140
593
7,467
2,641
851
1,405
2,915
1,831
464
3,815
1,031
4,973
1,217
1,982
2,646
356
596
769
198
3,774
728
8,759
6,734
145
9,104
2,133
2,095
3,203
236
3,482
303
2,836
10,718
494
332
2,967
1,894
563
1,643
215

2,385
271
1,872
2,043
12,832
1,535
2,335
445
1,483
8,793
6,875
103
588
7,377
3,021
1,148
1,539
2,627
2,404
351
2,932
1,065
5,182
1,237
2,061
2,526
420
690
856
199
2,956
1,065
8,165
8,241
175
8,600
2,147
1,921
3,226
234
3,444
341
3,310
13,522
461
331
3,859
1,425
483
1,873
248

2,732
231
2,027
1,724
15,792
1,569
2,176
409
1,487
9,098
7,610
109
700
9,666
3,584
1,280
1,899
2,961
2,319
551
2,717
1,295
5,486
1,400
2,134
2,435
412
574
814
217
3,327
902
9,503
8,346
190
8,641
2,381
1,813
3,583
295
3,377
378
3,707
15,500
615
257
5,374
1,448
610
2,019
222

3,127
366
2,236
1,907
21,981
1,901
2,224
517
1,545
14,232
8,709
156
711
8,731
3,829
1,667
1,649
2,849
2,641
611
3,030
1,864
6,472
1,418
2,607
2,873
441
628
1,014
218
4,683
1,048
11,352
9,597
236
10,254
3,062
2,528
3,931
379
3,410
469
3,551
23,471
673
316
5,221
2,094
807
2,498
330

3,781
461
2,499
1,952
24,857
2,088
2,499
524
1,475
11,714
9,174
156
773
8,332
3,942
1,709
1,543
2,737
3,441
463
3,198
1,962
6,312
1,422
2,298
3,095
434
594
1,123
169
4,036
1,287
11,410
7,626
212
9,784
3,616
2,453
4,197
392
4,099
492
5,417
21,806
732
318
4,259
2,062
825
2,381
331

3,647
609
3,354
2,168
29,313
2,182
2,229
535
1,400
13,646
8,946
339
750
9,109
3,721
1,950
1,644
2,817
3,617
367
4,067
1,991
3,597
1,436
2,529
3,386
354
503
1,422
224
4,807
1,544
12,939
8,070
241
8,602
3,484
2,687
4,523
384
4,097
489
4,790
25,636
776
315
4,191
2,416
676
2,114
350

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

B-4

National Portrait of SVORI

Exhibit B-2. Adult Prison Releases by State (1978-2001) (continued)

State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

3,161
951
3,647
2,189
38,117
2,275
2,254
589
1,596
15,904
9,213
432
762
10,070
4,217
2,012
1,681
2,755
3,998
578
4,117
2,526
4,463
1,519
2,557
4,461
529
639
1,443
290
5,188
1,531
14,093
8,839
306
9,752
3,274
3,009
4,712
433
4,319
629
3,209
31,250
759
381
5,015
2,709
808
2,465
248

3,441
887
3,765
2,411
51,469
2,096
2,593
683
1,814
25,919
10,235
431
925
10,836
4,035
2,321
2,013
2,586
4,907
649
4,440
2,661
4,908
1,694
2,727
4,904
512
769
2,059
332
5,409
1,312
16,441
10,493
292
10,690
5,231
2,975
4,781
408
4,708
579
2,643
33,458
764
350
5,987
2,958
691
2,473
250

5,263
922
4,197
2,755
63,375
1,950
4,248
789
2,057
32,606
9,889
486
895
9,496
4,454
2,446
2,787
3,162
4,754
632
4,879
2,859
6,177
1,919
2,525
5,375
466
892
2,051
351
6,529
1,830
18,229
11,933
269
11,513
4,863
3,541
5,036
433
4,613
756
2,045
32,545
938
403
5,995
3,260
591
2,541
302

5,292
987
4,784
3,158
75,116
1,956
7,449
827
2,021
38,945
12,949
348
919
10,684
4,290
2,407
3,585
3,134
5,655
736
5,503
2,948
8,010
2,063
3,045
6,254
549
1,059
2,783
417
6,948
1,866
19,969
14,969 1
345
13,954
5,367
3,916
5,722
434
4,599
568
3,802
32,743
922
390
6,804
2,885
745
2,791
342

5,244
1,391
5,332
3,929
80,888
2,888
9,570
885
2,018
38,188
14,538
868
991
15,111
4,831
2,613
3,411
3,786
6,131
821
6,720
3,408
9,529
2,286
3,317
6,423
532
1,231
2,871
430
8,814
1,852
24,267
6,885
329
17,624
5,340
5,471
6,717
673
5,314
758
4,922
39,312
1,336
567
8,705
3,376
644
2,837
355

6,507
1,299
6,132
3,937
87,182
2,885
9,566
790
2,887
34,941
13,851
1,451
1,193
17,022
5,668
2,710
3,290
4,151
6,710
808
7,362
2,957
9,936
2,251
3,245
7,135
560
1,297
2,928
538
9,433
1,662
23,738
20,927
330
17,903
4,833
5,805
7,143
616
5,842
717
5,120
35,636
1,450
360
10,251
3,571
720
3,559
404

7,265
1,336
6,481
3,951
82,569
3,338
8,924
851
2,668
32,210
13,957
1,335
1,310
16,976
6,295
2,871
3,541
5,081
9,383
855
8,022
3,118
9,904
2,542
4,531
8,470
635
1,370
2,943
559
13,041
2,049
24,660
22,956
318
20,512
5,339
4,754
7,364
797
7,596
720
6,178
26,031
1,566
321
11,870
4,466
393
3,613
409

7,157
1,816
6,588
3,983
83,764
3,471
5,199
966
2,757
26,962
12,145
1,683
1,361
17,846
6,246
3,116
4,113
5,548
10,066
778
8,316
3,700
10,732
2,657
3,814
9,288
638
1,423
3,037
825
11,248
2,054
27,253
23,985
331
20,081
4,987
3,609
7,638
802
7,760
725
5,492
20,246
1,717
395
10,814
4,789
701
4,273
403

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004)

National Portrait of SVORI

B-5

Exhibit B-2. Adult Prison Releases by State (1978-2001) (continued)
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
U.S. Virgin Islands
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

7,268
1,845
7,111
4,339
93,829
3,237
1,663
1,054
5,282
25,072
9,711
1,739
1,382
20,206
6,627
3,457
3,349
5,838
10,529
799
8,674
3,105
9,168
2,826
3,297
8,675
606
1,389
2,783
717
12,205
2,099
26,937
21,984
345
19,930
6,432
2,795
8,812
737
7,485
693
4,798
18,223
291
1,818
348
8,127
5,148
733
4,041
472

7,512
1,874
7,138
4,444
100,158
4,475
1,404
1,013
4,656
19,150
13,089
1,578
1,839
22,083
7,199
3,486
3,420
5,788
11,606
741
8,937
3,384
10,028
3,051
3,416
9,544
609
1,308
3,110
965
12,393
1,895
28,808
14,662
429
19,886
5,674
3,004
6,814
866
7,080
830
6,077
43,858
237
1,978
503
10,574
5,219
945
4,985
414

8,353
2,040
7,438
4,624
105,647
4,207
1,243
1,169
5,686
23,963
14,756
1,604
2,009
22,282
8,095
3,622
3,513
6,639
12,382
849
8,993
2,949
10,557
2,992
4,535
9,402
810
1,529
3,510
934
14,506
2,218
28,148
14,213
471
20,163
5,553
2,813
7,682
803
7,241
902
7,694
30,514
218
2,058
1,044
10,018
5,386
789
4,455
457

8,594
2,391
7,948
4,656
117,192
4,837
1,441
1,295
6,242
24,096
13,276
1,837
2,236
23,605
8,923
3,728
3,999
6,354
13,085
654
10,171
3,080
9,909
3,449
4,581
10,515
874
1,516
3,807
931
15,265
3,046
28,099
12,365
519
18,251
6,475
2,890
8,987
881
7,473
979
8,072
29,479
265
2,505
1,027
10,464
5,890
648
4,979
589

6,871
2,612
8,247
5,473
124,981
5,516
1,375
1,374
7,198
22,385
12,131
2,258
2,469
24,170
9,263
4,121
4,232
7,398
13,930
583
10,476
2,900
11,770
4,056
4,412
11,714
1,062
1,516
4,144
982 979
13,839
2,135
26,058
11,615
640
20,155
6,846
2,601
9,020
889
7,692
1,151
7,504
53,845
300
2,929
690
9,001
6,061
1,101
4,752
701

8,194
2,504
8,982
5,403
129,528
5,346
5,283
2,180
5,471
29,889
17,173
1,332
1,724
25,995
10,317
4,715
4,503
6,509
15,241
698
10,327
2,914
11,243
4,475
4,136
12,267
1,044
1,558
4,536
1,044
14,734
1,997
26,652
10,710
671
22,910
6,140
3,185
10,028
2,056
7,942
1,311
12,361
52,318
309
2,554
839
7,685
6,344
1,240
6,895
659

7,136
2,599
9,100
6,308
129,621
5,881
5,918
2,260
3,238
33,994
14,797
1,379
2,697
28,876
11,053
4,379
5,231
7,733
14,536
677
10,004
2,889
10,874
4,244
4,940
13,346
1,031
1,503
4,374
1,030
15,362
3,383
28,828
9,687
598
24,793
6,628
3,371
11,759
3,223
8,676
1,327
13,893
59,776
471
2,897
946
9,148
6,764
1,261
8,158
697

7,905
2,041
9,053
6,613
129,982
6,634
6,331
2,330
1,581
34,015
15,758
1,581
2,539
36,313
12,207
5,357
4,270
8,234
15,031
723
10,050
2,482
11,928
4,250
5,685
13,892
1,246
1,738
4,480
1,052
16,064
3,194
28,101
8,935
715
24,953
8,265
3,668
10,376
3,197
8,627
1,380
12,690
66,228
269
3,151
1,069
9,816
6,957
1,422
7,027
723

7,472
2,394
10,056
7,640
119,683
6,588
6,209
4,073
33,728
16,608
1,735
2,855
36,162
13,337
5,748
4,524
8,313
14,847
799
9,617
2,290
12,771
4,706
5,592
15,127
1,518
1,840
4,734
14,287
3,809
26,829
8,606
770
25,322
8,375
4,339
10,628
3,312
8,604
1,797
13,541
64,720
162
2,864
1,857
10,033
7,401
1,807
7,699
686

Source: Correctional Populations in the U.S. (BJS, 2002) and Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2002 and 2003 (Harrison and Karberg, 2004); U.S. Virgin Islands data from VI BC

B-6

National Portrait of SVORI

APPENDIX

C

ACRONYM GLOSSARY

AA—Alcoholics Anonymous
A-COPE—Adolescent-Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences
AIS—Academic Intervention Service
ASI—Addiction Severity Index
ASUS— Adult Substance Use Survey
BDI-II—Beck Depression Inventory-II
BPRs—Biennial Performance Reports
CA—Common Assessment
CAFAS—Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale
CAPFA—Criminogenic and Protective Factors Assessment
CAPS—Career Aptitude Placement Survey
CBCL-parent report—Parent part of Child Behavior Checklist
CBO—Community Based Organization
CCAR—Colorado Client Assessment Record
CMI—Case Management Inventory
CMC—Crisis Management Consultants
CNI—Criminogenic Needs Index
COMPAS—Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions
COPES—Career Orientation Placement and Evaluation Survey
COPS—Career Occupational Preference System Interest Inventory
CPI—Carlson Psychological Inventory
CPS—Carlton Psychological Survey
C-RAS—Corrections Risk Analysis System
CSAS—Community Substance Abuse Services
CSS_M—Criminal Sentiments Scale–Modified
CSS-M—Criminal Sentiments Survey–Modified
CYO-LSI—Colorado Youthful Offender Level of Service Instrument
DAST—Drug Abuse Screening Test
DOC—Department of Correction(s)
DWI—Driving While Intoxicated
FINS—Family in Need of Services
GAMA—General Ability Measure for Adults
GATB—General Aptitude Test Battery

National Portrait of SVORI

C-1

Acronym Glossary (continued)
GED—General Education Diploma
Hare PCL—Hare Psychopathy Checklist
HCR-20—Historical, Clinical, Risk Management – 20 item
HHS—Health and Human Services
HIQ— Hostile Interpretations Questionnaire ICCD
JCF—Juvenile Correctional Facility
ISP—Individualized Support/Services Planning
LSI—Level of Service Inventory
MAPP—Multidimensional Addictions and Personality Profile
MAST—Michigan Alcohol Screening Test
MAYSI—Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument
MCMI—Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
MHCAS—Mental Health Continuum Automation System
MHNLA—Mental Health Needs Level Assaultiveness
MMPI—Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
MnSOST-R—Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool – Revised
MIS—Management Information System
MST—Multi-systemic Therapy
NA—Narcotics Anonymous
OTI—Offender Traits Inventory
PACT—Pennsylvania Addictive Classification Tool
PAI—Personality Assessment Inventory
PCL-R—Psychopathy Checklist Revised
PII—Prison Inmate Inventory
POSIT—Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers
PRA—Protective and Risk Assessment
RAD—Rape Agression Defense
ROC—Receiver Operating Characteristics
RRASOR—Rapid Risk Assessment for Sexual Offense Recidivism
SACA—Missouri DOC Substance Abuse Assessment Instrument
SARA—Spousal Abuse Risk Appraisal
SASSI—Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory
SCL-90-R—Symptom Checklist-90 – Revised
SJS—Strategies for Juvenile Supervision

C-2

National Portrait of SVORI

Acronym Glossary (continued)
SSDI—Social Security Disability Insurance
SSIC—Strategies for Self Improvement and Change
Static 99—an assessment made from the Rapid Risk Assessment for Sex Offense Recidivism and Structured Anchored Clinical
Judgment scales
STG—Security Threat Group
SUS-1A—Substance Abuse Screen
SVR-20—Sexual Violence Risk – 20
TABE—Test of Adult Basic Education
TANF—Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
TAP—Talent Assessment Program
TCUDS—Texas Christian University Diagnostic Substance Abuse Screening Instrument
TEA—Transitional Employment Assistance
TRACCC Model—Treatment, Research, and Result Based Accountability for Competency Based Community Corrections
UA—Urine Analysis
VASOR—Vermont Assessment of Sex Offender Risk
VRAG—Violence Risk Appraisal Guide
WISC-III—Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third Revision
WRAT-3—Wide Range Achievement Test – Revision 3
YASI—Youth Assessment and Screening Instrument
YFS—Youth and Family Services Instrument
Y-LSI—Youth Level of Service Inventory
YO-LSI—Youthful Offender Level of Service Inventory

National Portrait of SVORI

C-3