Fbi Interrogation Manual Cross-cultural Interrogation 2012
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This document is Unclassified/For Official Use Only Cross Cultural Rapport-Based Interrogation Version ALL INFOPXATION EEREUJ DATE IS CONTAINED TJJCLASSIFIEIv O21.52O12 BY 55179 LNEJSBS This document The point of contact for this is Unclassified/For manual is Official Sutervisory Special FBIs Counterterrorism Divisioni Version 01/18/2010 of this document was The registration Use Only Agen4 lof the Io_____________________ registered number is with the United States Copyright Office h7C on TXU001665887 ACLURM036782 FBI036302 Unclassified/For Official Use Only Version dated 2/2312011 Table of Contents Introduction In-Processing conduct stations Detention Developing on during screening questioning plan plan Interrogation of civilian Categories disadvantages of using an Interpreter Approach considerations Planning with Interpreters and Selecting Screening in the techniques and checklist and Advantages Interpreters Positioning the Interpreter with your Interpreter room Interacting of screening issues the Interrogation Working The purpose Topics to collect of screening personnel Planning gambits and Detention Screening in the interrogation course of an interrogation Interpreter pre 17 brief checklist Cultural issues and Motivational for Arab Conduct deception subjects on Interrogation Issues Impacting of Arabs Cultural Motivational issues of the Interrogation 21 The structure of the Ws Map Overcoming resistance The Rapport Detecting interrogation 26 tracking Annex This is an Handling Walk-Ins claiming to have Threat Information the Reid method the to adaptation of applied spec fically determining veracity of threat information provided Annex Conducting considerations Annex terrorist by Preamble Questioning Order of Battle Annex Letter Suggested Reading walk-in source Law 38 Enforcement Interviews questionnaire Advice Quick Reference The OB Overseas Planning 47 of rights Ws and Missions Insurgent 57 questions from Major Sherwood and Moran LJSMC Interrogator in WW II. .66 75 Endnotes 76 Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036783 FBI036303 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version This in cross-cultural both conducting and FBI the while using an situation and intelligence This been addresses in to such in Treatment on Branch is of Prisoners interrogation in compliance and point that his or situation Detainees and handling not the her current is to mentally preparing to disregard for personal may be detainee demonstrates an ill the many refers to 374 page Science the issues in cross- be may that included the will Interrogator of experience levels with working rapport statements obtaining also and face but can training the to cooperation it is use to for profiting strategy harsh the may steel approaches With presented of his that you in this culture will such the shock For example abusive encounter someone who of the detainees using cultural from the This quote from approach detainee preferences understanding source of this entire document essence infidels to on emphasis places of your of expectations cultural methodologies as the effective respond and prepared long term detainees Intelligence captures of the impressive Although battlefield obtain often hands in the all interrogation building specifically set skill dislocation use for is presented in the document and creative to with varying Interrogators and rapport to intelligence Information Study Educina mistreatment answer and an conducting It Interpreter an planning considerations walk-ins an methodology with associated utilizing on procedures annex The methodology phenomenon screening motivational courts is detainee while interrogation logical multitude of issues cultural as and coherent the An U.S This primer Intelligence titled from learned numerous overseas resources Law Security interrogation lessons in interrogations unclassified intelligence- apply to any combines National address and cultural situation admissible enhance It Interpreter rapport-based also but can enforcement the by provides cross issues interpreters This law communication electronic designed interrogation cultural reviewed primer specifically Art custodial conducting environments 05/19/2004 dated start in overseas with information drawn from numerous This primer has with on oriented is primer interrogations locations 2/23/2011 Introduction Chapter oriented dated himseiffor him the and language hardened affords of capture anticipating worst blatant expectations better the treatment and and language.1 interrogate primer can will be readily not be adapted fresh off the to deal with well report Board on called interrogation Phase Report Information Educing This study was published by Interrogation the Science and National Defense College Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036784 FBI036304 UnclassifiedfFor Use Only Official Version Chapter In-Processing Screening has become process are you working influence the The and However has screener he knowlede to established normally you have the are screening in working or no little or if to ability key pieces of identifies an interrogation in which the the attempts to obtain screener and source cooperation of identifing knowledge basics source the passes interrogation facilities this chapter cases knowledge in addition detention you may facility in these even of general techniques the holding successful on the location Dependent before beginning areas data DOD more formal process is screening approach Once tasks long term at process biographic to select very formalized for preparation of Defense Department you should know information basic U.S most in Currently of aspect 2/23/2011 and Detention Screening crucial is dated source the to vulnerability critical intelligence identification cooperation that personnel conduct the questioning The about the and related probable will interrogatee different second sources cooperative are used in dealing There are two purposes To determine To determine The the if source provocation an permit educated An estimate essential is to guess of whether because planning the very types the to according is KUBARK Manualt information of value which possess requires who made is have been events and who easier the by which he trained fact may The source It important that gross likeliest familial to talk to or at least the Interrogators them later will interrogate that the interested is screener Most possess recite speak in many people--even legend--will about childhood is by interviewers not same personnel the information the agents by cooperate Personnel conducted of screening in likely to of Screening should be task not with these likely to is should not be screened source freedom or detainee to of the subject Screening the recalcitrant of screening and Conduct Selection subjects the if identification full is toward the interrogation be methods of screening purpose attitude with some relationships freely if screeners the manner is friendly and patient.7 Persons tihe the is suffering KUBARK Cold from Manual War and was is the declassified abnormalities mental severe CIAs in be illness will counterintelligence spotted show interrogation during major the screening process distortions manual which was delusions written or during 1997 Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036785 FBI036305 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version and hallucinations will usually give bizarre prompt referral of the mentally on during to collect Topics process before will specialists seek behavior 2/2312011 Dismissal or save time and money from the formalized screening beginning name given Fathers or to screening for their explanations to professional ill dated name given Grandfathers given name Tribe Sub-Tribe Other names used Date and Place Places the Abu name of Birth detainee has lived and 10 How long has the detainee 11 Why is he in the traveled been countryif an idea of what Interrogator Kunya or he cover in the story What is the detainees educational 13 What is the detainees current 14 What languages 15 Detainees ethnic and 16 Detainees social status 17 Is foreigner is 12 country foreign does the detainee religious fighter is on going this topic to try gives the using was he educated work history speak Sunni Shia Kurd Arab Persian background within the society married Does he have the detainee foreigner is Collection Where level job and if he etc of the country of origin How children old are they and where are they 18 How many many Muslims issue 19 unless Does 20 Has it does he have siblings will not is want pertinent the detainee the detainee to talk to the have any ever been how about old are they and female family what sex members Do Be aware that not push this interrogation health issues that detained before Unclassified/For impact on interrogation If so Official who what when where why Use Only ACLURM036786 FBI036306 Unclassified/For Use Only Official dated Version 21 Assessment 22 What There four are on provide circumstances the Medical The value of interview trained being over into the interrogation exam the taking that of his capture and exchange these through answer steps when questions should detainees incoming Clothing detainee comply and to stations screening general Biometrics is cooperation Stations through he of anxiety and level does the detainee explanation Screening that of detainees 2/2312011 go Background before interrogation is asked which can carry room Biometrics The should detainee Biometric Automated photos of the digital BATs detainees Assessments this You The and upon arrival with the policies some In and the retina been has individual detainees and locations FBI biometric systems have and fingerprints database to DOD Defense scan detained by of anxiety level of Department takes information the compares the if the BATS of previous DOD in the cooperativeness been past during into incorporated process should take showing of the photo the at prohibit of the detainee photograph only his head and if you running the are is to you are containing memorialize forward at facility showing placard of his entire body facility authorities that into processed BATS show made of be another purpose be Set detainee should can processing the screening front Tool tactical in to body from his entire the detainees You facility ensure you the information below the do condition should cheek not violate any photography DETAINEE PLACARD TEMPORARY 1ST GIVEN DETAINEE NAME FATHERS GIVEN GRANDFATHER NAME GIVEN NAME SUB TRIBE TRIBE AKA Abu Name AGE/DOB POB LOCATION DETAINED DETAINED BY DTG OF DETENTION Medical that impact Exam on the The purpose health and of the medical safety exam of detention Unclassified/For Official is facility to determine if personnel and there that are issues of other Use Only ACLURM036787 FBI036307 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version detainees well as as detainee the interrogating medically screened they are captured in clothing on negatively and the Having and cause and on plans impact the detainee Any pertinent for be will medical makes document of the process in Keep of value information how that own be no that if also this at gathered of anxiety reflects his level is and for his concern reacts to willingness he the questions and refuses that gathered to aids in should be approached non-verbal the on point how and to resistant be of this for this step questionnaire totally manner in on page topics posture can of the detainee interrogation be The detainee the he information on his resistance to prioritize his should be conducted background Even generic important step in the an replacing manner how matter collected is other in fate interview clerical guide for developing mind and impact detainees source of comfort potential This world other some or pajamas facility for his and routine will any questions Information should concern The background be be used as can detention and held in could clothing personnel hospital from the outside with to appear it the own of removing benefit should not be detainees in his facility into change outside Interview Background detainee session subject of detention detainee world the to his colleagues deciding that facilities reasons safety Detaining safety of detaching the detainee answer issues detention interrogation and has the added flops flip an anchor process that and the health facility clothing each after For health Exchange Clothing the and before DOD most In health are 2/2312011 could should be documented issues that the if there detennining dated behavior of the cooperate Shock of Capture There capture when immeasurable an is the detainees the anticipating as long of particularly capture and uncertainty begins the better interrogation for advantage as fear time the are at the is taken highest for high value detainees be made to ensure that the interrogation starts as after immediately Interrogator The level earlier the When proper preparation extensive should preparation quickly as possible Detention of other For the safety should be detained assessment to release to anything controlled strictly Interrogator when detainee above crafting the companionship the the when the in to of power can The made whether access should detainees all this authority that made be Additionally facility provided from the battlefield can has been decision Granting position fresh assessment long term detention assigned Interrogator and provide control an be to the advantage strategy of the detainee of other detainees complete of treatment level Interrogator individual until complete send him to baseline an approach Isolation prevents by places or the in the facility cells be considered to be can the detainees in individual not only ensures the detainee detainees from It also Unclassified/For drawing of other collusion prevents Official safety strength from detainees the on cover but also support stories and between Use Only ACLURM036788 FBI036308 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version detainees that large the detainee You may not be in should know if In of the days before DOD be experiencing to create permits you begin in that based detainees will be subject on the but In the that the interrogation the to area cooperate duration on the facility and is have and least may at from his your the offered your relationship cell the detainee policy several interviews detainee isolate multi-session sessions will feel cell and is in This multi-day completely from fellow pressure the of your that knowledge he this removes subject possible Official an alternative that policy holds of time even pressure ability with the chain of Unclassified/For be isolated minimum length as to the cell your subject establish Your if individual between Isolation remove some cell interview an command cell from fear that minimum you law enforcement may from in made chain of return of the unknown but at held 212312011 interrogation placed communal to fear will mitigate productive conducting communal facility to fora standard limited however this option in the influence in the of his absence are of his absence you cannot This for natural is prior to cell interrogation to upon extremely powerful event 0-6 returning duration with the chain-of-command refused return questioned by his peers intangible first thorough your subject counterproductive you the detainees from the FBI must be the by to detainee your If interrogation mind Having process having other your subject conditions optimum formal request facility Keep the how communal held in is advantage Exposure influence consider must be approved request to position he has been order facility of the Interrogators part will dated to all if the is alternative that policy may be work in has detainee from the detainee influence to detainees based may viable be on very based command Use Only ACLURM036789 FBI036309 Use Only Official Unclassified/For Version Chapter The First own voyage the by approaching largely is it do the against have may the maiden sources surrender quickly these This manner indecisive hesitant their things officer often can Interrogator source in through he it important wants further careful planning.9 concerning the questioning he thinks is needed before purpose 10 way under is If the specific the certain the to confusion will take purpose lead to be discerned Any starts in how information cannot goals questioning almost is has clearly Interrogator has source or the belief that of the questioning questioning the starts the can best be obtained it investigation the the why learn to how and is Before Purpose Specific mind what clearly The advantages undermines say and to intelligence behind him or her territory avoided serving distinct that Considerations Planning after be can false start long of interrogations uncertain however advantages The this of capture causing them often while shock the two with interrogation from stability Second experience of dozens the enters suffering emotional interests into be may and psychological their often Interrogator subject 2/231201 the Interrogation Planning the dated shape aimlessness and failure ...an Such an around will which Anecdotal at have effectively nothing strongly drive the well designed fundamental that the from efforts to relevant oerationallY organizing principle encountered problems educe clearly 12 resolve Bay Abu Ghraib Guantanamo at will strategies outcome intended unambiguous than suggests resulted part of an and lucid less execution of educing conducted in absence approach thoughtful two least in the sources as evidence of interrogations course Base serve planning and all establish must Interrogator outcome and information defined in Bagram from strategic the Air resistant outcome to process plan intended In the outcome would enable context of interrogation the the Interrogator to craft intended outcome performs functions vital It should provide the sufficient Interrogator when presented with unexpected decisions It should ensure the have-and maintain-internal approach plan and approach plan and .internal methodology execution subsequent consistency that rational and challenges consistency. questioning focus to enable him to make refers to logically progresses of that plan an will interrogation toward pre 14 defined objective The Resistance to recognize damaging consider in in anyway whether kind and advance the to intensity whether the of anticipated interests same information resistance desired information the of the or Unclassified/For interrogatee is If so confirmation of it can Official estimated would be It is useful threatening or the Interrogator shOuld be gained from another Use Only ACLURM036790 FBI036310 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version You source.15 to screening for plan should the assess take The Interrogation calculated some of normalcy world and reset world16 which and sense Your comrades Consider placing shoulder or and chair Interpreters and watch FBI your To interviews present in the room interview room Do of it source and take away Social space is between part strangers East and Unaware closeness as is is Asia of cultural or challenge Consider having him wait treat the emphasizes in his ability to which the against an to of even adds up the to investigator your listen violation of exception of of abuse which circle or be is physically square with the the of three you source of the to teaches may that interaction raised one easily the create Individuals from between in room distract They may are trying feet back in the sit and in the two feet this misinterpret 17 anger room to maximum have and in restraints out with the guard entrance investigators confidence confidence successful right could is should society four strangers room to you Western with you enter work out carry he the alone facing etc visitors three in the create sits the placing to under in advance interrogation writing in he himself must on impact and guard to he the have have deference while you order the restraints removed exaggerated air of Consider FBI Agents to the progresses an intimate collaborative environment interrogation him placed importance with an intangible interact the two from across FBI Agent Afghanistan for source on the and of the concern interrogation with for interrogation his replace technically should induce an to anchors the room where the environment differences into outside learned an indication When while little you with an will the the second source the about at to from false accusations running also .culturally comfortable South is Interrogator of the closer move and guards are As not possible create to is the allow you to touch You want where for the collaborative Plan your entrance source you fate method set-up gambit are trying own be Iraq times all on those to You to to usually not permit observers unless away at mind that you are trying in Middle to intention source from the will FBI Agents protect Your system note taker counter-interrogation chairs as opposed the the in Al Qaeda Keep and conducted interviews for develop booth of the interrogation interrogation may want you left the taker known four to to resistance facing the door with you directly This apart you would want the note on CCTV however this is policy polygraph foot for his chair times during key the during you with dealing him dependent separate you control sources the established is rapport optimally at gathered This allows on source value with concern him with your knees about knee to is operative that the make will goal the world the is to his loyalty you information impact on source that outside face aspect of set-up Every desired discomfort in the internal information the will 2F2312011 chapter Setting the have to account level More resistance contained in the interrogation be into likely resistance with dealing also dated him Aubry must enter and exude confidence this air of confidence.8 The the Participants lead Interrogator As and stated the above note you should have taker Unclassified/For as well Official as two FBI Agents an Interpreter Use Only ACLURM036791 in the Try room to as match 10 FBI036311 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version of the source with the lead Interrogator characteristics Interrogator were involved involved with the some other former send i.e try not to Colonel Amiy Also have source try not to you determine unless interrogation Iraqi of the screening initial sources in the or rapport with 55 year old in to deal 25 if 2/23/2011 year old Interrogators same person the be beneficial will it dated based on factor How much time are you willing to spend on the source given what you know Timing him vs the overall situation in the facility Have an idea of how long you are about to willing spend terminate highly the was the only confession factor the instructors determinative factor FBI 19 suspect 25 percent The other to Here sources some are in to deciding quotes that factor up every hour for that that empirical study confession notes that literature the all seems to to focus on to discussed above FBI Academy noted the obtaining training only factor interrogation at seemed most agencies that Leos with Consistent and increase on source before of resistance are when considering timing interrogation literature the through move and interview pertinent The work to trying that the cite as across apply board and of the training information from confession 20 confession prompting the FBI of obtaining four hours of interrogation texts length of interrogation length or incriminating chances the is the need the is not be of length for adjusted 21 suspect any particular The infinite so patience that will give You have the if up or You the battlefield at the detention and contribute to Arabic the There handle go on source that he is factors of conveying indefinitely and winning that information you think the Is information somewhere get the is no probable cause standard many that detainees and operating 23 The Urdu of the detainee choice will be release following internment can length into challenge else the Is on for detention just in the were or in that is classic leads wrong place You will will many which ones be called know more on about shipment to long term detention ...from inflame an already counterinsurgency tenuous are to Several held in factors names from and misunderstandings the side of capture legitimately rather innocent make recommendations his case than anyone When perspective relationship prisoners in transcribing on err Air Base Bagram identification cross-cultural to to abound of Iraq reports of mistaken determining you Bay Cuba including difficulties English resisters because Guantanamo because situation environment ones are effective the at in facilities interrogation interrogated than release the fate center this unfortunate Pashto high-threat detention to various Afghanistan mind the capable will wrong time From which tell several Can you likely to can be also interrogation longer the above with are but patient the anger little uninvolved innocent and only be believes suspect source has worth the time source the not he holds out balance to the frustration Displaying impatience you must Interrogator between making false the this as to else call The keep identification occupying and in and power and indigenous population.24 Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036792 11 FBI036312 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version When what that is it continue are you the set you with dealing out to source that from obtain remains what interrogation the is talk to willing The source not what we need 2/2312011 back refer always determinate the dated to whether to most can interrogatee 25 provide readily The informational as sources source at all one key to approach is or by maps photos satellite in factors evidence Safety be missed goal the in can that the of the have Studies is sources the and already of the screening to effective develop and discuss and bring and paper pens the into it laptop is Interrogator ultimately with Consider it responsible search procedures pre-interrogation on your unless there ability to establish without guard safety concern unshackled the detainee is some shackled driving room pens pencils chairs times you will likely Approach After will gambits taking approach that in Always keep have in your Techniques that room if or do have it videos not want to for just this the additional safety guard search team Interrogation will facilities This believe it it permit you should be your is best to leave multitude of weapons present are subject sketch diagrams for the with possible because all room makes you that at Most rapport there an requesting present in the determined subject could quickly turn of safe houses cache on you At etc sites purpose Gambits and into consideration the detainee you can mind that stubby pencil You etc source room the for displaying key time while you search for something at The Considerations Observe Consider bringing you simply would have that and in-processing be used against determine your level of comfort subject the or him obtained sketch photographs impact negatively have goals ultimate review confession the guards upon the detainees arrival in the interrogation members should not become involved in searching detainees to person cooperation by will in complete inducing against from information could you could possibly need evidence physical of his team to before gain the sources to facilitative break the tempo of the interrogation force locations key the plans Gather everything near and emplo1ed reached Is your is before planned detention information documentation the on capitalize end the identifying needed overwhelming review Thoroughly source asked when be methods the long term to of piece thing of the strongest that there perception transfer should interrogation not begin the interrogation do possible property that the Issues Planning otherwise given you the one shown of cooperation and exploitation Miscellaneous If end kinds of questions shaped by what will happen may be recruitment goal The starts questioning sought The Termination The the factors above is following consider utilizing Unclassified/For These are the Official you will list of approach Use Only ACLURM036793 need to approach determine how techniques techniques that FM or 2- 12 FBI036313 Use Only Official Unclassified/For Version 22.3 only authorized as the lists sake of brevity most of these Incentive and 11 Love 12 Establish Emotional Hate 13 Repetition Emotional Fear Emotional Fear Emotional Pride and Ego Down 17 Mutt and Futility 18 into on collector direct In initial quickly manner When using the begins from Statistics approach direct may unofficial as long interrogation will 1989 indicate that in these in obtain can they source is factors feelings by liable to with answers or falsely show strategy.27 that Operation the direct Urgent and Kuwait in Fury 1991 Iraq the direct has approach been the it in life the hurdle overcoming up error his level time to establish sufficient of need particular to obtain that the subjects quickly Interrogator asks of resistance line subjects the information desired from 29 assuming that of knowledgeability. experience Interrogator wise KUBARK Manual guidance quoted above Where need Such prudent Interrogators are not driven by intractable give training about skill the tactical is correlated the information driven are .there seated keeping the significant with demonstrate their to of several be will posture himself/herself directly II collector questions approach in Storm Desert operations Going Next Door After spending whatever and but the less successful.28 resistance rather World War in the answering avoids answering asks collector HUMINT The begin an alternate operations Panama Cause Just studies need is order to or non-pertinent questions answer to collector HUMINT the following in an approach crafting approach source the door next going approval approval techniques administrative as the 0-6 0-6 in The effectiveness of the direct approach was 95 percent effective Freedom and Freedom still studied are however Enduring Iraqi being dramatically the be asking pertinent refuses HIJMINT direct Jeff approach Operations else and of Scenery Flag 90 percent of the time In Vietnam and effective 1983 Grenada source the the question was approach questioning questions continue to use direct questions pertinent several False information that should be considered when questions HUMINT on detail being provided The Fire 16 Change Emotional Identity Silent Ego Up Pride is Your and Emotional going 14 Rapid All Dossier Emotional 15 For the facility Techniciuest Know Up Down 2/2312011 any detail File useful truthful Approach in We Direct Questioning the DOD Approved 18 DOD in 10 information will used Direct Before direct be can techniques will not be explained The provide that techniques dated and/or Unclassified/For sources ..Resistance personality his country Official is commitment of origin and Use Only ACLURM036794 level of the resistance direct to even is product cause anger deepat the 13 FBI036314 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version manner which in driver to protect more fiercely radioactive source has been the truck than compromised less-motivated nuclear The following and available such Any primer in is his Joint are colleagues as well already his tell side consider together story the sincerity to to to and talking of the file and dossier the we be useful other If to be utilized on This not list is only by imagination emotional Militaiy been not authorized based are have until included FM by the on in this 2-22.3 are his of principle of outside force resistance is This sapped that the of The source may The that files and file you in the to to few the questions and with conjunction source to of gain test firmly method dossier lead is informed be employed part not is purpose is in the create knows then asks he lies his him already real an might brought to questioning His Interrogator This approach with props like the already or by itself technique who that he so are detainee information on purpose everything him detainees priority as they are so methods information on Interrogator 2-2.33 because various through of associated Know All The knows combined of the highest provided FM not listed in is been damning group already source the this method to point service of welfare its in Iraq is botched not the themselves and may terrorists used by the while remaining is fighters are children not the American soldiers exploited is it This approach what they expected verses FM source that job with young foreign example al Qaeda in listed hostile out to agents.34 apply to dealing For not the application source to believe interrogation have all approach Dope is may the disabling reinforces believe are him about Ivan know to employ US have this method providing story the We You the he has lied.32 the are two approaches leading Interrogator that dispassionately key Information obtained limited is him psychologically honor ete of the source knows the answers If the he that techniques reliability which the policy Loves These delaying explains information lead fortified.31 All-Seeing Eye or the can during an operation the to doctrinal etc the source without impression that his colleagues The of up below listed method best approaches ego questioning inside technique This amounts the Explanations techniques is possess of family Nobody or Suspects authorized route approaches or gambits identify by manipulating to yield urge similar love non-coercive pressure accomplished and to resources as approach All generating he was to drive information of value of non-coercive with FBI interrogation keeping to you number the approaches of these Any capture engineer will protect of non-coercive list should help comprehensive time is sources that are deemed during screening since 2/23/2011 device.30 dispersal resistant treated the already dated be 2-2.33 that Contrasting ones terrorist cadre background Unclassified/For Official story other the the to the Use Only ACLURM036795 to war scenario it the may of what they found Iraqi fighter people an It that ignore but of this approach foreign have technique ill-contrived service innocent encourage may was reality variation killing who an authorized cold on oriented an effective the as cover of the typical Emphasizing safe in the the impact that like as gambit women he him is and being to kill well 14 FBI036315 Use Only Official Unclassified/For Version The Need Communicate to ...continued technique about this method know that continued long enough Numbers of former you when get seems knew the detained in his asks know. position nothing .after mentioned process has the tremendous the he that he would have know which he does know to question have positively serious on himself establish collector of this answer the of relief feeling you something you can answer. to them when they switched .1 know to grateful his it topic The HUMINT This they will be makes source for further he to be and may by higher In an effort to detailed effort to HUMINT the provide the insists wanted individual genuine so doing In development.36 must develop Collector includes the general plan that be to topics .There are two general coveted. infamous collector not the person he purports is identity leads an as HUM1NT the approach plan questioning source he the true and this identified and allegation with information Developing using correctly charges substantiate or In Identity has been source authorities the men finally was but authorized an as source knows the he does that insistence asked is POWs American that topics 2-2.33 something about.35 Establish Your clear source the lofty met by an stupid Interrogator now strange most the even are FM listed in 2/2312011 of information at lower levels...complaints for extraction may pave way knows nothing of such matters to- about questioning the not is dated will exploited used sequences in of guide his questioning and the in sequence questioning which and topical chronological Topical believed to leader Chronological uncertain of the questioning Select session at and Ensure hand materials than time safe specific of initial house are normally questioning source is limited knowledge questioning when the concern area Focusing when when time source is when on the source is of location questions HUMINT not is the the of topical two examples used is and prime collector primary believed to have is factor knowledge in on number of topics. large close or areas during used when information in key possess terrorist specific is questioning so Keep prioritize that you in the you have do the not break mind you may expect general all that due it to supporting the flow will generally the you topics use of the take of an intend materials cover to you need interrogation you longer Interpreter to and in the maps photos for looking thoroughly cultural interrogation etc supporting cover issues topic so plan accordingly Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036796 15 FBI036316 Use Only Official Unclassified/For Version databases for references you Have you identified the purpose of this interrogation session him Has an Interpreter been assigned and have you pre-briefed filly identified Has your note taker Have you reviewed Do you have all all Have you Has The aids been the pocket collected maps initial him obtain with other etc associated litter with the source sketch paper etc photos screening before interrogation to to pre-briefed evidence through in contact and of the guards checked impressions of the source their detainees prior to this interrogation session Opening OHave tiHave The been de-briefed the source physical the results had the source source and identified debriefing Have you reviewed Has been the 2/2312011 Plan Checklists Interrogation Have dated you you determined what level of resistance the selected rapport topics you anticipate you will utilize will address in this phase Reconnaissance UHave you determined what topics UHave The Detailed primary and you selected you alternate methods approach Questioning OHave and you selected Have you prepared the prioritized necessary the topics resources you to will cover conduct in this session map-tracking interview session The Conclusion What is your tentative long term detention Some of following the issues on end state with this source release source operation this checklist have not been Close Target Reconnaissance etc introduced yet and are addressed in detail in the chapters Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036797 16 FBI036317 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version Team work during an between the methods of detecting to Interrogator and agency is know at usually They English will who Citizens Advantages of using an majority of your subjects will Interpreter confirm Interrogator military The team as to number of limited with mind in by provided Interpreters should keep and military The following the is need of list understanding security command have at of the target have US Secret Military command native Commonly Category centers detention likely of English clearance Clearance near and clearance detention are centers of the target but are rarely and language level and language found in US of Military Interpreter not be will able to speak English so you will be ineffective or language refute veracity the farmer and of the but speaks based culturally statements subjects like clues someone with that ie can help the source the is education university terminology can Interpreter detect the intent and emotion of made by statement the source be of help to the Interrogator may An Interpreter treating the to the possess recognize claiming to be an uneducated that for the For these one The or uses room must work Interpreters an will find Secret Top possess may difficult be interrogation working native you to military most will slower different is centers.38 detentions without with US in it you may work with not have They of Interpreters US III who Citizens English the majority CAT does and Interrogator non-USG Interpreter not likely to be found CAT II US commandof The with tempo Interrogator Due be often locally and level success significantly success of Interpreters that tactical Interpreters are native hired Locally hired the will when working categories CAT used those the Interpreters you Interpreters and to the in the perscinality conducive is because Interpreter of Civilian principle the different the that to critical an Interpreter through or ineffective degraded is Interrogator an interrogation interrogation are the and Interpreter dominant the others andlor corporations to he feel many Categories federal the deception an environment create the of dynamics 2/2312011 Interpreters Conducting interrogation changes reasons with Working Chapter dated enhance can the stature of the Interrogator in the with deference role playing to create Interrogator eyes of the source by an environment conducive compliance An knowledge outside Interpreter the that your respect excellent is interrogation culture/country/religion appreciate has often of the country They for their invaluable booth are usually knowledge Unclassified/For historical political/tribal in facilitating ask your eager and to the and interrogation geographical Even when Interpreter questions this information provide about and will contribution Official Use Only ACLURM036798 17 FBI036318 Unclassified/For Use Only Official dated Version Using creates Interpreter the detainees use to evaluate takes is in person increases misunderstanding the response can Interrogator and adjust needed more time significantly There as that as well as time to reevaluate of using an Interpreters Disadvantages It non-verbal of the interrogation the focus time in the interrogation additional 2/2312011 conduct to the interview communication the significantly the loop the if especially confusion for potential or skills English Interpreters are not that strong The of rapport establishment even or and use of some the approach is techniques made difficult impossible The of deception detection The may Interpreter situation that the is more significantly introduce cultural and national linguistic understand not may Interrogator but not impossible difficult key biases religious take to reason into the time the to understand the Interpreters background The for dominance an and inexperienced control You may of the rear will circumstances involves increase see the given the fact time directly sitting his with the Interpreter source while also that is question environment Interacting which respect poor ineffective If make you corrections embarrassing This manual In interrogation However is working are but do the Interpreter specifically so and you can designed to you with the source some in appropriate communication verbal will lead hinder rapport to increased and building knees nearly eye contact maintain when and with Keep listening observe touching in his reaction more creates the mind when normal building with your do much the your else the wrong outside the the Use Only ACLURM036799 front critical are still be render disadvantages nearly you must to avoid source If the room to the to successful you Interpreter interrogation unified in mitigating Official and can of your performance Interrogator Unclassified/For Interpreter Interpreter ensure you present aid to arrangement with one-on-one to may Interpreter rapport relationship dissatisfied that to Interpreter theory the Course of an Interrogation41 and fact of method this asking questions to rapport in teamwork the at be may source with your the allows seating more conducive with your Interpreter Mutual successful This translated is look source when at the it his/her the interrogation from This left to dynamic in front so percentage likely that is it conduct across your allowing him you should look your to large cues the suggest placing the This Interpreter that to making establish Room40 sitting to awkward an takes it to Interrogator that resources Interrogator not establish the Consider the the Interrogator room.39 the Interrogation in of non-verbal miscommunication under-confident interrogation with and observation possibly some see but and/or in the interrogation source hear only more experienced than significantly of the Interpreter Positioning the may be Interpreter difficult discussed here 18 FBI036319 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version issues are serious Here Interpreter do enough some are not hesitate indicators from the 20 take seconds takes Interpreter you may have that You Long-to-short he source break take to talks to leave 2/2312011 room with the the problem seconds ask to seconds the This also it interpret 30 for and dated and the and question the to applies Interpreter says the answer he said no You Short-to-long 20 Interpreter seconds take seconds to interpret trouble source are having ask to the each understanding and question indicate could it the other or takes the Interpreter and the it is Interpreter adding to the context of your question There an is Interpreter Stop and source based You before the ask are several before the the other that or clarifying good interview that the change to answer of the command and Interpreter the pause translation of question the trouble source this could Interrogator understanding next logical asking the unusual an is the Interpreters to the the the each or asking question questions that periodic is of of the or provides between the language there source are having Interpreter The Interpreters mind and and context adding provides Interpreter the indicate is body context sudden the question interchanges Interpreter indicate the could this English could be poor or he There current asks the question Interpreter answer sources the what caused ask the Interpreter Unusual pauses on the in change inappropriate the or the performance Take relationship mutual on is respect he perform in in keep exhausting of your Interpreter care him based with interview an during job Interpreters breaks must be taken etc decreases interest posture and you have If will perform better Remember are not establish happy an interrogation subject will performance performance positive and your and sense be until to your you Keep positively in mind In with new the an that correction He you need your success can find to needs the by much event manner you imperative that you understand your respect his style towards displayed obtaining you do find not his buy you cannot hesitate to in of The capabilities of what occurs in the booth and that Interpreter to It is understand to Interpreter the to Interpreter make Interpreter Briefing relationship is and influenced the Interpreter key it personality or theater is difficult with your understanding working interrogation longer you allow the the with the more by Interrogator that on the is the establish cease the Interpreter Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036800 19 FBI036320 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version current What about these Provide The held are did the events Where we talking did the to Why occur and are whom about we events are talking we talking to him to events any other room information you have background administrative the Who him about When to talking him about occur Ws the situation we are 2/23/2011 Pre-Brief Checklist42 Interpreter The dated of the interrogation particulars up set tentative on the source such of interrogation length as where other it be will participants etc The specific taker use of Anticipated The selected Any -I in topic if the note me when into the Do the be used in case the room interrogation but not ask the next logical misunderstand do cannot say do not add context to be used to approaches may that of the Interpreter expectations source appears know and Interpreter evidence alternative language of the interrogation only what wlo asking to potential needs to bring references charge -translate and or technical Interrogators am Interrogator photos or physical maps approach special Interpreter The of the source positioning room in the it source misunderstands it without nuances your help question or re-ask is etc clarification the question important for the Interrogator because it be an indicator can of deception -translate the question and inflection -let me know if there source in comparison me -advise -I If this his that the is into the will their respect allow the It is pre-brief very to notice that dominate the is used by the language educational level etc source are having trouble Interpreters will be very reluctant work Do very difficult worked with dialect to to not hesitate are initially interrogation Unclassified/For religious the to let the etc may to be assess his introduced Interpreter different than resent but handled that ask him about Interpreter affiliation determine what dynamics room by and understandable common in the break and you the tone know to or job security ethtiicity Some may using the same content wants inconsistencies time you have interrogation he professed background some other person you and if to pride of English immediately Interpreter any to his you need first background command Interpreters first not say understand that translating me know when you conduct each of this due do are immediately understanding advise in the ie intent it other Interrogators Interrogators they have professionally new to working it will with worked with help you earn Interpreters booth Official Use Only ACLURM036801 20 FBI036321 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version Cultural and Motivational Chapter This chapter made points in the chapter who has be may insight on the establishing These importance The Arabs in helpful for exploitation quotes from of understanding Cultural Issues for who whose that enemy Iraqi is culturally is efforts are meaningful understanding most Arab Subjects45 the the to The myopia by supplemented seek to build culture establish to without and harbors cultural sources the difficult barrier will conscientiously intelligence knowledge of extraordinarily linguistic/cultural but accord objective be can the emotionally provoke or infer guilt manner the by Interrogator Interrogators in know One cannot the incorporates the orchestrated operational termed cultural intimidate psychologically an create systematically of this nature rapport Conversely been Whether not to path recently that bridge some provide with interacting points more problematic even seeks difficult what weak on but generalizations finding accord an made process Interrogator faces Issues information basic 2/2312011 of your source Establishing the and Information Study Educing the culture with are approaches rapport crafting some provides this dated accord operational attempt will fail of these target if is it efforts culture.44 the DOs Shake hand hands gently departure no but only with your right hand two clasps an open Placing right hand over your heart Learn and use your subjects the and in greeting room It conveys respect name and and is of respect gesture provide him your facilitates establishment sincerity name first of or thanks Introduce others in relationship DONTs Never use your left hand with others for contact eating or gestures Your left hand is considered unclean Do not point with your finger it is sign of contempt Instead point with your entire hand Dont Do slouch not expose Dont back may make the soles distance the OK not be universal to disinterested when conversing of your feet or shoes to the source away from an customary and Dont lean or appear is or all Iraqi during conversation with Iraqi men It of contempt is sign Close personal interaction is considered rude thumbs up Arabs but sign these gestures common enough Unclassified/For Official that are it Use Only ACLURM036802 considered obscene should be this avoided 21 FBI036322 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version The following on cultural points handout from the FBI Behavioral these cultural and should be spared to protect Arab that To character his self-esteem To Arabs honor acceptable An Arab leave The culture important to is is challenge to Lying avoid dishonor an approach to craft be may makes that more telling the do to admit to an will rarely error if openly him an out backing the subject It of the fact self-esteem his more important than facts is honorable thing truth the importance avoid offending view of himself in his effort no of the mainstays of one is Arab one must be aware with an rapport in italics and importance Pride from Suggestions for using source are provided ones honor especially good of foremost is Arab in them BAP.46 in of paramount are reputation establish pay tribute to this and resistance 2/23/2011 Arabs are drawn with dealing Analysis Program as themes for reducing issues dignity honor persons when issues dated cause him to will it could corner into face lose Always rapport and shut him destroy down Everyone believes Religious affiliation atheists or the violent is all God in as well There of Islamic extremists Extremists of Islamic and charity text to and between the follow that in an other out disrespeqful answer Humans This does by and not believe actions in sense are far has promise answer be and most admirable of the some your own beliefs in these areas and Muslims share the same state own topic value held entirely as taught in differences more valued than words If response responsible for If you are concerned damaging rapport my best may be more useful about an action failure request from your source could to be the is versus Islamic concepts more important and its should religion discussion potential of governance person cannot no are In the does not Keep be viewed carrying out in mind as rude and promise an will try of control cannot outlook on the subject obscured the opposite that anyone with treated has been believe for place as Christians church by governments concept oral elders limited between separation culture the aflat no American culture no are practices that actually is commonalities other as many promoted Western Arab their justfj killing to respect Sharing person should be schools and religions of Islam and Arab culture aid in obtaining rapport with the subject can In Arab culture affiliation religious there believe they characteristics for underlying tenet of family love Piety In power and has every person in Arab society his acknowledges essential interpretation what exactly an intolerance selective use is agnostics This respect God in an iffe all events could be out for his some actions making Unclassified/For it by the subject easier Official en on God i.e fate depend things used as an excuse but also for him to discuss Use Only ACLURM036803 as his s/ia way Allah to give actions 22 FBI036323 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version ones to Loyalty take obligations theme for family takes asked if family especially In general Arabs tend to Sitting out and touch man by wife persons Westerners directly etc leg is etc cursing Yelling closer important to sitting carelessly When standing sit at properly your hands in your pockets manner in Sitting Who woman in the that in general terms when your touch subject factor to subject the character persons the reach to indicator out and touches in evaluating and may allow An rapport source reaches the people more than allows you dismiss the and culture Slouching the draping over the legs or otherwise chair insult conversation during key Is to and enhances times most important the considered an is another and one to be counterproductive will person of low class as Interrogator It constitute to the family to ask about across from and close some rapport has been established when making Interrogator point manners for the jihad grown daughter stand and sit arm hand his It sister or those pertaining include best is that Good Potential children in the participating and loyalty job the abandoned your selfishly Arabs consider too personal Questions which than or Family demands of the 2/23/2011 now care for them rather friends You have with children needs personal and adventure you could obtain through self satisfaction will to precedent over loyalty subject over precedence dated with someone leaning against wall or keeping the considered disrespectful is allows the soles of ones shoes to face another person is also an insult It first impressions about how you the person would snacks the is approach way to the control Put yourself in that first instant Interrogator house Proffer that should comfort This courteous the and shoes subjects on and Remember on mutual respect in think you meet consider items good impression create combined with treating such as tea the as you subject coffee soft drinks awareness level of cooperation fron guest once you have obtained with Arab culture and will level of much in very keeping convey and sophistication that the subject not expect may is Motivational key part of preparation motivation for involvement Colonel will rapport based building impressions be perceived that appearance as you would any subject cultural will in times in all essential are lasting guest in your etc at neat and professional Presenting friendly As behave important to is others from the Mujahideen in the for any interrogation insurgency Army will Unclassified/For Issues be The much Official is to understand motivation different Use Only ACLURM036804 of your former than that of subjects Iraqi 21 Army year old 23 FBI036324 Unclassified/For Use Only Official dated Version Saudi with the Islamic affiliated method should be These The author into oriented quotes below Stem Jessica by traveled Overall those that driven when of credibility air merely cover groups sanctify their however highly ...accept or reject own Some adventure. Some younger were they sounded and simply bored sympathy for their choices butchery of thousands Some Once of part get there most likely to join because involved Some live 50 world especially individual to addictive inherently seductive the people bottom human state 48 their of doing combines group admit that feel they economic This are or sense individuals turn to now understand intensifies for Potential Muslim world are seeking the the to clear who leaving their due their in of his that Keep plight purifying and in between definite mind US the world ACLURM036805 in the and they Muslim opportunity through them in purpose that just like Use Only which may be an effective and sense ofpride and accomplishment Official either Approaching such may be us in mindset This first such People world economic societies the For humiliated common is for the groups.49 outside deeply limited to anomie and with the political regime activity identity Unclassified/For resulting appealing in the feel prospects boundaries theme is and angle for those perhaps violent of marginalization is the of alienation violence belonging social criminal activity for religious it selfishly powerful and guns to frustrated mindset admit an understanding additional and strong find benefits will adventure out of groups weak for theme Potential activity an imposition of guilt for and an understanding longing of bliss5 They society in insurgent/terrorist cover An effective younger generation and the unraveling of line Holy war is are desire normal ofIslam amongst such that approach the that with sympathy The is be may the theme among .They out of outside Bound involved convenient the be may path or governments comparable An in violent limited Potential texts. in terrorism sects are those with the least to lose about their future oppressive when emotional are clear they have confused as extremist sacred texts insurgent/terrorist The level of knowledge behind strict of combined with imposition of guilt or shame for well-armed time in their lives individuals in themselves while they pursue tofendfor Islamic living Outward becoming that especially of Muslims children young left children involved not non-existent extremely shallow ...different they support or contradict appeal of the of permanent become that and fun about kind reasons was easily assumed have me told operative exciting whether admit that they got involved will Muslims to of Islam knowledge goals while them define them underserved gives selective interpretation to according we because driven references and insight positions.47 extreme conditions on under that militant texts and terrorism in obtained great course of action as unrealistic pious choice their sacred operatives .One through in and credit religiously and actions Religious Militants people get involved much shallow their reality action even them Labeling deviant selective and dogmatic in their for God Why of why terrorism choose Your approach person to fight interviewing jihadists by Islam are given too terrorists the Name understanding AQIZ in Iraq al Qaeda drives Terror in the in throughout claiming to be motivated religiously from are helpful Pakistan mindset their of Iraq State on what you think 212312011 holy war satisfying life the creating yourself people in one can obtain from 24 FBI036325 Use Only Official Unclassified/For dated Version being member of military in the and their police from this the world most military perspective approach effective when combined with they claimed Although for seemed focused live own its in sake Kashmir.52 innocent murdering Iraq which fighter to capable because When view for them these terrorist as choices be may are actually groups at Islamic faith the their looked understandable is jihad defending respect that the reality this killing an creates Most foreign ones been murdering becomes apparent fighters fellow even to interested jihad than on the people who desire profess Americans the The the help the are wantonly that is reality the short After densest and most his guilt in in Muslims en-masse the on opportunity to capitalize that woman Iraqi raping interests told met plight the jihadis They seemed more of Pakistans and have and civilians Kashmiris the symbol as theme occupation truth about care conception are the insurgent/terrorists in their Potential the to on Kashmir on or Iraqi people fight period and to we that as committed most the are not available of innocent Muslims thousands Lahore mind in them an understanding incorporating or agency options committed group Keep view may these corrupt and incompetent are largely commendable especially enforcement world their choice to join organizations while Arabs An in forces thefr and possibly even law respected However 2/23/2011 ignorant foreign for involvement in terrorist activities Over time much as passion. incentives theme cadre in possibly This that oppression is be to hot common ground the spot Terrorism becomes simultaneously themselves to applicable directly hold takes influenced for money from hot spot Seeking cynicism may .operatives including quote travel some cases or for their name the with such an may to in example The ask it was like the fighting ofjihadist Muslims from as someone in be possible Russians in similar Another angle Chechnya for order to get him talking quotes above subjects involvement involved in the family and what the jihadist may as Potential class of defending individual profession with same level of commitment to your cause be families professional mercenary in career by more pragmatic there are in the insurgency is little else very helpful insurgency for as Keep purely financial they can do to make Unclassified/For guide to in mind dissecting that reasons money Official motivation for very often They in their Use Only ACLURM036806 the person become simply need depressed to feed economies 25 FBI036326 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version The Chapter The The Technique and questioning The achieve the that phases the conclusion and allow the Interrogator to individual55 deception later base includes this in to phases allow the investigator to this consider During the phase establish effort to the note by policy mind in Keep Most down will get be himself should than How One of the values and cultural the is because force by fostered drawn from and possible to permissible remotely in the him into to treating the phase opening of that start foreign they are which the Interrogator me tell what what disclosing of rapport from feel make and on guard interrogation Manual question initial explanations he asks knows of rather knows.58 he it the is following with dignity suspects ...rapport and is based humanity.59 numerous sources may help provide findings mirroring an create must be done Given This method how is also called an that some difficult as Neuro it is ideas The on response bond source the is effective to According tone pitch between for mimicry mimicry brain the establishing mirroring in Given evidence empirical subtle voice even pick friends that etc during strangers Effective way.61 likely establishing Linguistic that movements social your called theorize all our own.60 increasing sometimes posture immediate to and you has uncovered psychological why we is similar are between style non-obvious in of rapport etc exist someones this themselves Some psychologists unconscious mirroring may think that complementary matching.1 illicits like Research difficult of are professions divides linguistic or it people that dislikes obviously an interchange in made and how do you obtain is it is like likes importance pacing these and information People rapport or simplest if make him want can more normal dimly powerfulrepresentative faster ...the KUBARK the to interaction.56 for the subject If technically and rapport obtaining have How What mutual respect following much cases put of detection source establish the seeking to are for the pattern order to listen to the entire and quotes from trap him can Rapport on to with rapport likely to insincere appear as individuals.57 being treated taking by an officialand people confronted power Note detailed of the source as an behavior his Reid the obtained through assessment question-and-answer is simple from you understanding norming in that goals personality notes provides familiar are reconnaissance deeper or takin2 should watch these the gain lining that principal begin establishing not rapport taker three are to establish dynamic interaction personal there Manual opening ...to confirm during the opening screening the are Phase Opening methods many incorporates four KUBARK The interrogation54 structure interrogation 2/23/2011 Interrogation of structure dated to be to establish operational Processing Unclassified/For rapport accord in the One manner noted of the primary NLP Official Use Only ACLURM036807 26 FBI036327 UnclassifiedlFor Use Only Official Version be can to establish is objectives defined marked as by of degree and intentions orchestrated relationship and of understanding even Here source and for on is sense of concerns respective aspects of operational are some accord source that based is appreciation 2/23/2011 Operational with Interrogator affinity guarded outcomes.62 with by an and/or conformity perhaps desired accord of operational level dated accord to consider63 Based who like people like us directly and of persuasion studies on are and attractive physically positive Authority An such traits social by behave in and grooming and friendly competence as intelligence people tend to scientists of dress neatness communicated indirectly to possess appear conducted to appear positive manner kindness honesty etc. based determinant or an of influence be influenced likely to expert by Research more the analyst and so alert your had and scratch yours cooperative boss to Interrogator granting give and are grant annoyance reciprocity to obligation to imposing The is applies how to the two way take more perks likely to something such resistant some as was taken and the of this Hawaiian detainee foreign and room shirts instantly soon asked the he since aback Yet he that the and information to had was older seen the never way will destroy granting in drinks likely any chance of privileges has and they have powerful Ill already as position etc blankets amount for to tangible is treated no an Consider more than an Keep rapport source someone who my reciprocity back debt to you in his mind as of creating most source interact to you whom uniquely cold norm of scratch from those are food source as unspoken-social street and give You extra sanction more than Interrogator provide the powerful-often make you look petty and to The they entered interviewer and interviewing business suit accompanied interview an when in shorts wearing analyst to Dr as talk.64 There People privilege to opposed to likely demonstration clear down more years of experience many ready to or expect to receive received applies as An such of intelligence group dressed professional and Reciprocity known variously more are an authority more they are titles including authority team with detainees attentive this symbols enhance interviewing interviewing Is interviewer detainee as authority.. Guantanamo Bay Cuba received in working intelligence the or relationship- people they perceive Similarly status major suggests that whom person of discussion topic often can during their interactions than of arguments the research science has demonstrated that members of appeared Social another is authority made by someone who has people wear professionals one perceived Matters Appearance Some the on especially comply with requests clothing agents in mind rewards etc more likely to him with it feel dignity that also some and respect Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036808 27 FBI036328 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version Core Concerns detainees needs to each in to interviewing their with many point of the detainees experiences Affiliation An comforting emphasizing detainees has Interrogator and to to feel detainee more open to beliefs into accepting to gain interviewer are dislike may detainee most experience standing intellectual Role hard to give up these or even grow interviewing drawing all detainee such as or athletic an educator can can roles that the the advantages the they need they Allowing the own.. their has research to likely are if resentment and make Psychological on autonomy resentful behave.. to some possess for more even are status the also their change than being .rather often so beliefs father Unclassified/For in fact The expertise that If roles in life detainee accompany has played or father ability Official the and what tell interviewer or social or business life thinking emotional detainees his will detention qualities moral insight is and may this resistance Perhaps figure or to persuade Use Only ACLURM036809 find it used to playing the only as ajihadist he will probably in detention enhance the on.69 while detained the discern enjoy how much to family background used to playing many the detainee to technical picture and to individuals all matter detainees prior related or big No easy person professional interviewing professional almost important asked many If as intelligence is it ability reduce student therefore of feel this persuade as professional then treated professional interviewer viewed of the behaviors and out the other his roles as The in is an to leverage roles particularly and for sources of status People and enhance also may people are more important they were capacity strength to how detainees himself in how achievement physical role ofjihadist or acknowledge educational skills values they have collegue as strong may ease conclusion way and particular of proud look for and might new some respected emotionally opinion.68 provide possibly be people believe one is wish about and talk Acknowledging may are they the capacities they and respect that feeling etc parent intelligence he empathizes that can task become and element of autonomy anothers Status leader to they reached they feel that if browbeaten learn they an feeling words detainee have with the Interrogator working demonstrated another key the people who he has some say in small matters detainee when others to affiliation disagreeable what think all Detainees particularly what told are constantly interviewing isolatedfrom fellow detainees of their lives detention likely to find and interviewing need for .almost Autonomy over some part control appropriately feelings.66 treating cases this quickly when of the intelligence has been subject and thoughts easily The respond intelligence appreciated actions through more of affiliation.67 sense feel enhance connected some In shared nature the To Feeling result can common in something accord often People of view can communicate professional could help an 2/23/2011 information.65 provide Appreciation someone understands understand and to carefully of the five core areas detainee persuade professional Planning dated role The persist intelligence by understanding this detainee member of and also enjoys sports team by acknowledging the 28 FBI036329 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version detainees more himself and tentative important whatever this is phase have the intend nearly all actually failed about careflully the roles he that interviewing team might convey.70 intelligence how you plan for reason given to establish the during and rapport which interrogations first for fail moments few mind in keep eventually of the procedure.7 questioning The items members of the other Have how roles as well as by thinking desirable 2/23/2011 dated following dont Identify have still for guide establishing some rapport of the value72 goes by and ask the source what name he your team and and yourself as provided but apply exactly is list use it the Begin source The screening confidence Establish In subjects Keep elevate the sources would if he Do friendly and interested like problems you can and use for period from sensitive talking the to about everyday visit friendly stay away easy something or drink eat ask again later use to deepen rapport by this Ask problems If he that topics will Listen resolving could have his to accomplished made progress will it complaints identify them until the be quite to source appears hours time spent here take and his health after accepts you you know you have accepts or interrogation Be patient cooperative he and needs not begin the interview his to sympathetic to with his predicament Empathize you can interest anxiety he refuses something by friendliness informal and conversation Appear ask and words have other of apparent topic help you identif topics may process on by commenting discussion will pay off later Possible rapport should be common to are ground of basic Collection the of these issues and cultural Discussion of concern of the sources capture and have captured inclination is Prisoner of collector will for War EPW be the for the collector to emotional experienced people to first want has barriers language information biographic for his physical and controversial are would say some you face your options limited such as family education experience interest been but due avoided for finding Some topics and experience well being significant to been person the talk to discussions up to this point ...enemy on this sort segregated has chance to soldiers of experience and talk under episode stress-producing about properly BPW lead can topics of etc. silenced to This is the who have The If the the guise just natural Enemy HUM1NT powerful tool use to get the source talking.73 UnclassifiedfFor Official Use Only ACLURM036810 29 FBI036330 Use Only Official Unclassified/For Version Discussion of his treatment be to brush off such The about talking technique detainee discussion he mannerisms psychological will help in later For to truth how sources controversial his the To make motivation what subject do especially impassion the subject and and extremist caution led carefully him make about his beliefs have had such avoid having to his on the the opening is that he really feels which speaks how with the topic Iraq in because Interrogator This response you could ask should This topic could embolden it or resistant you here that home others or countries because This topic oppressing are Arab media should be embolden could it etc Somalia Afghanistan Iraq Americans fed to them by some is it to the outlets used with or impassion about in his into his discussion into on subject how devout becoming should the merits on discussion before life This life the be approached or legitimacy of his family feels subjects impact his beliefs and the and actions Phase is and the more at the cooperative source to or if rapport of quick testing provide importantly to of this phase is is exploration the probe is established reconnaissance the detailed to directly period is outset becomes cooperative proceeds withholding and resisting here presence passionate presence could lead into him considering of the reconnaissance purpose U.S the discussion change Interrogator is etc his of which family phase interrogatee on collecting all good is rapport behavior evoke to or into Interrogator devolve it interrogatee the needless build actually resistant The Reconnaissance If to U.S the likely lies because could evolve which he belief in their novice Muslim devout to about is novice the or this leaders the This approach beliefs is how what brought Ghraib make him more and For the what by by believe religious especially the subject Abu They that make him more fighters up bring Muslims fellow style feel you saying about be used with caution They may baseline source more comfortable the are others For foreign telling but one topic provide some insight into either will you are trying but you are time your may counter-interrogation possibly when at all wasting state of time and instinct first your 2/2312011 of the interrogation phases Iraqi obviously is While bedding etc cell waste as anything believe may food dated But questioning necessary. .At any causes and is if the rate the on why of the assumption extent during stage intensity he of resistance.74 The talk ultimate about and how the reconnaissance the third up stage against discussing plan as do goal strong is The to his resistance to determine the kind Interrogator When you not get bogged determine to is discussing and should reserve determine down you move on degree his are to what the the topic source does not want to of pressure The that basic will be fire-power until he knows on topic the the next topic source is using your purpose of needed in what he resistant is to questioning guide Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036811 30 FBI036331 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version The end of the reconnaissance have process because you his resistance gambits the to These want Face at conceal to simultaneously own conscience to rationalization Make as it face and hands sincerity mind are that the or to Concede .to the escape wrath of former the results which and superiors get you successful rationalization from the tension any explanation tell to guidance to key that mounting business of the the useful acceptable stress him force some Another internal growing to trying source may both will placate associates to Interrogator for wanting if he is the right provide 76 of part The when critical particularly their for identity more his very of of the Interrogator if from sources KUBARK .the manual yielding suspect will be surrender with dealing the confess likely to and being own his has conveyed Interrogator which the will and free objectivity sympathy77 This phase and may provision of an rationalization the The Detailed source is critical Tolerable involves suggest into the destiny is an acceptable Submission authors It is compliance where describes the possible time and source opposed to the is divulge. of origin at the right Rationalizing cultures the and his place discuss information that the Information study provide feel and as reason for compliance any face-saving returned truth source resistors all that point in the interrogation source will not willingly techniques you employ the approach The goal of approach techniques is to time Source the Helping .almost yielding. in the the 2/2312011 chapter planning you of the resisting interrogation his tell to decision is topics determined of paragraphs from the Educing Saving grasp in the phase the you have investment the discussed source If posture worth is possess identified dated begins when ready is it Phase Questioning to you have obtained based begin questioning some level of cooperation list prioritized your continue efforts to develop to important on and maintain with the of topics Keep during this rapport phase Deception Detecting An primer nullified the by been justified Chapters provide important based on to be on do reading the not work is but they the to not to may source beyond goes of the some that reactions This combat environment in deception aware question specific say be the less may the classic dependable not have of detecting the are somewhat techniques in of this scope techniques that you this situation sense of guilt about makes deception easier to detect because he may view his actions fully combat environment may also be aware that U.S Forces have Sources in that and excellent information is use of an Interpreter trained Additionally his actions it are of detecting discussion depth that deception have in However that of in can the Essentials depth information be found in one of the on Reid Technique resource on Criminal deception detecting detection Unclassified/For This Interrogation and Use Only ACLURM036812 Confessions book provides some of of deception Official and many other as the best topics 31 FBI036332 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version limited to ability away internal significant count Interrogators Keep investigation induced pressure sources three the by deceive effort to channels of being fear in the in lie that observing the caught U.S. communication of This takes lies uncover to required the 2/23t2011 when your questions78 to response the on to betray mind in conduct freely dated word choice and Verbal channel Omissive evasive and Qualified response Memory qualifiers channel Paralinguistic deceptive send to message responses referral by Lying of words arrangement Characteristics of speech of the spoken falling outside word the latency Response Early responses length Response delivery Nonverbal channel comes before Truthful Response subjects arm and the question provide forceful movements leg answer the is completed longer answers provide subjects Truthful posture the question and between pause response clear responses and eye contact facial expressions Observation of the with observation You may know the U.S but are Interpreter channel opening of communication still will phase when effective time to the Taking the during stateside of months only minutes or the on knowledge few source that history knowledge gives answers to can norm also enhance be combined known as your ability to of investigation years allows extent geography enhanced an subject of this The point would you may not have that lies to immediately recognize you by obtaining an extensive general of the country ability to you be usually if the combat zone you may have In is than you would overseas nature will However in This unrealistic or of depth this knowledge of be operating recognize the in the depth implausible your questions You source and criminal and you some to your interrogation hours to prepare can be addressed insurgency even or about less significantly in culmination from your subject channels paralinguistic deception you were issue and of the nonverbal truth telling style detect verbal by the use of an impacted significantly may be more the use dependent in the interrogation another resource source has inconsistency already in his and of control U.S repeat provided in of information on cross checking repeat questions control question slightly is question is you would than one that simply asking different way provided typically you know about the something which allows you to by be the in answer to that the look for answer Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036813 32 FBI036333 Use Only Official Unclassified/For Version You can look also circumstances the source detail in by interview source natural People work to want to reveal The and the with you would desired be interrogatee.8 and force the has to subject second bridging who then he does not that event and killed his and breakfast by second details or fabricate lie collected out of instinct subject me over an bridged morning subjects when is events specific used to uncover wife made my downstairs the if the most provocative You order will quickly that can the source will later be used may remain consistent it posture may be Seek done his family Has been There shame are Shame two why Whereas the reverse effect as the future become However known subiect as of exposure that feeling is feeling is around do to Unclassified/For or the to greater sets role in or Official Is he with feeling about or commission and often real or values and of shame has their of relief immediate crime will becomes exacerbated.83 Use Only ACLURM036814 some with it sense of emotional certainty in left guilt and internalized persons experience topic are you experience people to confess may certain confessions associated is position resistance subjects humiliating resistant ashamed of what understanding relevant to pressure to his about formally Cialdinis so self-induced talking this guilt subjects of shame sometimes to the with they have process in to opportunity allowed embarrassed Without contrast the asking the interrogation additional experiences suspects prospect that he Is inconsistent and If resistant of guilt motivates lifted the source has committed degrading In After confessing as the is way emotional viewed and answers postpone impossible to get him to reverse or himself some in distinct immediate pressure be under Once ways of working imagined past transgression standards or deed miht or the friends best is sense accompanies difficult coerced probing at possible blindly source the in early source has the the her defiance extremely understand to protecting that in his or source too by word either posture questioning of range selectively this addressing process.3 where situation yourself is shrewd essence the interrogation Ask before possible and asked is it the pushing In the of interests corner cover Interrogator consider until later in the avoid would suggest research before can the to resist information the course of your in the source into topics the carefully elicit questions resistance by questioning whether way any are the that advance in in damaging provocative Interrogator should run into topics mind where you in less avoid creating .to assume or will recognize time to risk forcing is but question responses to it shrewd that you useful is Always keep valuable requires demands interrogation It threatening determine other This has example be also the interrogator of bridging has not lied he Dissecting Throughout discussing he to on micro-details on Resistance Overcoming there can came subject question the given him against plan with repeat 2/2312011 amount of substantial micro-detail into Going of micro-details An states omission this in bridge about talk event would expect you should be order to avoid lying Collection of being caught fear wife after breakfast went of an that There you to describing detail of level look for consistency to later the in the the any truthful recounting can be used earlier for is dated 33 FBI036334 Use Only Official Unclassified/For Version In on collect break the the through information following the methods and on Capitalizing here apply the in It suspect proof can intelligence interviewing and persuasion although this research principles underlie like proof including to can three the of butchery noted is the as civilians may police approach by not feel may insurgents any evidence that guilt for his discussion that leads consider some that derive from in the context information true of the tried and extensive the gambit useful to facilitative used to confront is of proof that you create through might about feelings most powerful and third or testimonial science social At of interrogation an tactics research least six basic tactics.85 successful tend to be more and easily view they The by the enemy would feel was not done whom persuasive of the guilt by confessing himself/herself captured professional People with with the suspects associated is relieve foster to influence those you Information mention confinement of fear committed jihadist soldier potentially Liking for how you understanding associated is and with be physical how pondering Educing essential is here that can also be the perception In of mind of Perception This to associated guilt much as an American actions factor need consequent But keep assist in confess to pressure the to behavior police gambit you select applies Internal crime the in provided confess to pressure techniques or that topic 2/2312011 obtaining confessions84 in External interrogation on presented is Studies resistance factors facilitative source becomes resistant the event dated as influenced strongly similar attractive by people they them to friendly and appreciative Authority person whom more are People as they perceive an be to likely or an authority influenced expert by the of arguments on especially the topic under discussion Reciprocity they have received already or Commitment and statements and actions when presented effect detainee has stated ingrained social are as you Some of the Consistency material start below give like People The with power in all The power to to people covered should in Unclassified/For those from think that overtures beliefs or tangible more be consistent with make subject to not underestimated detail Official be elsewhere in this Use Only ACLURM036815 intangible beliefs have greater may especially whom their beliefs that of commitment and consistency ofgetting of an interview has been detainees to something mutually consistent Persuasive pressure present with to something whether expect to receive aloud made or verbalized the predisposed harmonizing have at are People the in the commitment they promise lies to be honest This promise manual 34 FBI036335 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version small though commitments is because Validation Social take action particular who people or people that Suggesting incentive or the are they know that very much like subjects would be even It superior receiving Proof or Social if that lead can to 2/2312011 escalating progressively momentum of compliance.8 creates it door the in foot dated colleagues more to effective incentives special people have them are more are People other already cause him to conclude to powerful see his colleagues to on of action that be can cooperating to number take to arrange for the subject influenced large chosen also be to likely especially own his that others are cooperating Scarcity only few are subject that he needs some way You methods More occurring of cause and induced e.g and an This location absence Is to me with take two This critical do as attractive if the Convincing order to receive in sOme reward may be an when fonn of the source sufficient when in the to learn situational and make contextual and rapid intensity about questions he/she is asked is assessments accurate rise in the asked sense of what base about which the source claims to have same behaviors approach Is he engaged booth The ability noticing is and questions and qualities and make ability to the your having implies understand the is it training of those time short receive reaction he possess acuity may behaviors of to recognize specifically effect grooming the to more appear colleagues out his time in the interrogation sensory awareness interpersonal may only his can few sources the yourself the Interrogator is for or easily attainable plentiful and Adapting asking or just riding first is your advantage assess constantly adapt requires available information before only the first or to that Incentives rare or are they Cycle/Learning must The scarce provide because Always be conversation if or to use scarcity to The Feedback and offered incentive effective tend to view something People than something desirable less of stress- certain topics no knowledge about questions other matters The second choice of physical successful source critical than the other Always keep say and you must do ahead stay in which way ability to behavior what one change an purposefully change approach in strategy is doing plan to in The fit the around.87 that your immediately subject in Flexibility means an and quickly mind of the flexibility ultimately can Interrogator rather is quality setting source risk observing on how he impacts or is being and reacts manipulated learning to you and losing from The everything Interrogator control of the interrogation related the yet slightly employment of set interrogating driver for different skill up questions set An is knowing example high value terrorist leader Unclassified/For Official of this You want Use Only ACLURM036816 where is the to you are going following know where You the or are safe 35 FBI036336 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version house is and about located is most house safe house he If he If an create and Instead or anxiety that know not he appears or stupid that important to fully determine how the questions up to this ask where the you now chances increases set house safe the times he has been answer comparable does employ how many then ask he answers internal know does not etc five times answers located is Ws The the deceptive will subject How and Due know to cultural what he is save when what hand where learned obtained conclusions are was or based Arab issue sources represents of statements that an merely and sense of pride information the facts is first information was If the related It was acquired topic or who ask you to importance of any on assumptions upon about the which the 88 necessary to evaluation are of compelled culturally Remember to assumption sub-sources rest is knowledge source came the out of possibly hand information third of any may subject knowledge feel Tracking89 Map It is within Map verifies specified and geographic locations step Establish routes and Identif Obtain etc leaders the by buildings Time Group At positive source DTG The the targeting period using HUMINT collector map Map planning operational sources the uses in movement and aid or similar graphic reading skills common CPRs of reference points CPRs can be of time key caches dispositions information possible the Identif of the sources CPRs between basis on key hearsay safe or knowledge of each houses locations sketches experience and to personal of key residences include of Date key location Conclusion end manner issues all map of travel exploit and process exploit or points fixed over Determine the sources Establish supporting the that information by tracking key area four is tracking in skill skill questioning specific vital and identifies activities is tracking operations tracking finds be the identities If An hand first whether the is it you about may actually why and how needed are to it indirectly indirectly channel Map it if determine to important as when face differences talking to relate information all you he tell where could just ask the subject 2/2312011 the truth tell to will habits type of vehicle both of which to he You town particular likely driving safe in dated that of the interrogation to leave the you should session door open have covered Unclassified/For it is important to cement for future as interrogations you complete Official Use Only ACLURM036817 your the relationship You write will up in inevitably Consider 36 FBI036337 I Official Use Only UnclassifiedlFor Official Use Only Unclassified/For Version dated: dated 212312011 Version 212312011 need to within the the source that you some perk to create to reciprocate giving reciprocate giving some perk to to the the source source to create a need within source that you can capitalize on when when you back in capitalize on questions you go go back can in for for follow-up follow-up questions. Official Use Use Only Unclassified/For Only UncIassifiedlFor Official ACLURM036818 37 37 FBI036338 Unclassified/For Official Use Only Version Handling Walk-Ins Annex are often Investigators threat Claiming placed in interests In the current and resources distract the The purpose threats is is to handling CONTJS of such activity tremendous threat USIC for protocol of their information and to obtain walk-ins with or other information will if mishandled Therefore amount of Community provide are States report investigative Intelligence of this annex determine the veracity their information US Unites environment with false information can waste walk-ins where they position resource-intensive multi-agency trigger 2/23/2011 have Threat Information to information that relates to the Continental American dated investigative from addressing legitimate walk-ins to handling an admission of fabrication if false b7E An services intelligence personnel to collect Actions There on its approach and and Investigator to collect documented personnel will often representative its are sources Prior to Beginning You on are known also on aggressively of individuals cases keep in mind the activities being sent into that of US foreign US diplomatic establishments methods and the Interview be conducting an interpreter establish must an It an interview of is imperative interview Unclassified/For walk-in with an that the interview OGA and/or team reach RSO agreement plan prior to the interview Official Use Only ACLURM036819 38 FBI036339 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version dated 2/23/2011 The Interview 77 The Opening Phase Your in the goal opening phase is to establish rapport obtain identifiersI b7E ___________________IA necessarily must the evaluate source has the of providing false information does not previous history mean you can discount information on the its information the source current own merits in history on providing non-credible conjunction is providing with the knowledge You that information 777 Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036820 39 FBI036340 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version The this following this phase is to allow the source to phase you should allow the source to provide of his story statements during goal 2123t2011 tell storyl During account The Phase Reconnaissance his entire dated such as general Indications Do go other not interrupt on than to encourage then what happened and open him to go on with Assess the statement using the guidelines of truthfulness9 Similar amount of Out-of-sequence detail throughout the account information Expressions of thoughts Indications etc complete and emotions of deception91 Varying Perfect levels of detail chronology within the account Absence of thoughts Phrases indicating Implied-action or emotions time gap phrases lb Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036821 40 FBI036341 UnclassifiedfFor Official Use Only Version dated 2/2312011 h7E b7E The following five questions are provided as examples that apply specifically to walk-in scenario lb b7E b7E b7E lb UnclassifiedfFor Official Use Only ACLURM036822 41 FBI036342 UnclassifiedlFor Use Only Official Version The Detailed Questions to There Phase Questioning obtain detail specific are three of clarifying types Questions designed account the Ask sources who fabricating established to further elicit Collect what these this open is to ask clarifying accounti information within why where the you may solid behavioral walls in the be baseline and able to in how of an section for the room detect opening his of every aspect on what he was eating micro-details were color details phase 2123/2011 questions93 what when account he was wearing is The goal of from the sources dated etc If the deception phase what source if you of the interview Questions seeking an explanation doing in that neighborhood particular or of events why For example what were you did you decide to eat in that restaurant Questions designed thoughts at to particular develop information about time or during particular Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036823 the subjects feelings or events 42 FBI036343 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version dated 2/232011 7E h7 If believe you into the closing phase the If you continue source you do not believe the detailed questioning him you move to the and Fl thenmove phase interrogation b7E Interrogation Direct Step Positive Confrontation The inditincrhc1iife direct cthtme.nt crthintv in th should beam interrogation ciisneits with oiiilt k7E IAn example of the discussion purpose offense reinforce the face-saving highly excuses to why establish Theme development Step sources is of involves sources recommended to the suspect own rationalization the truth.96 that the interrogator as to why delivering the the crime Official saying that the theme and for the The theme should for the offense and to the provide source it at least five at least five Use Only ACLURM036824 is moral excuse be prepared to present he committed Unclassified/For statement lying.95 of the offense and justification When tell is presenting or minimizing the implications excuse to transition the suspect is reasons and additional ways 43 FBI036344 Unclassified/For to minimize that the the suspect most relates The following suspect97 You are obtain You to list the dated presents the US to the because your economy and the stress medical care obtain is reason of the the part themes98 make money to etc living in your country you cant make bad America should be doing more to help that pressure were just looking 2/23/2011 so would have job etc Anyone on interest of potential some examples provides interrogator observe might interrogator doing this because are You the Version doing this for the good of your family in order visas Blame Once behavior criminal suspects Use Only Official for source the done under this excitement and is under home from family same circumstances the not mean to did you attention harm anyone You you to have thing for fl why innocence.. important Objections specific is Objections can to investigator abandon as weak verbal will objection like the right the keep and efforts aids the investigator denials handling from being from to am or lose of 17 For suspects.10 symptoms of psychological attention on the an to the and to Psychological including the To counter withdrawal suspect place suspects is withdrawal theme from the situation avoid eye contact the It of the Suspects Attention suspects closer to recapture guilty too much have this form of reasons as the of presenting evidence far short fall be built into the theme often recognize his chair to denials will take Objections emotional detachment should move of sight use visual to to techniques defined introduced and with respect are heard almost exclusively for the investigator withdrawal is Discourage Procurement and Retention Step do to trying ir vnieM wrong An Objections honest person.. line is thit theme the primary objectives would never do something example tendency Once they are voiced deni1 the accusation employ are three Overcoming Step to about you were guilty your family before F.vi1irnte anyone to feel nothing it there denials yflj.pjttt hurt to Handling Denials develop Anticipate not intend You Step starts were just trying to help by testing the system with this information did the himself in the suspects attention or ask rhetorical 101 question Step have become Handling the Suspects Passive very reticent and quiet by investigator should begin to concentrate investigator should continue presenting this on point the Mood The in the Unclassified/For Official interrogation if At core of the selected central reasons and suspect urging the suspect Use Only ACLURM036825 to guilty will this stage the theme The tell the truth 44 FBI036345 Unclassified/For Official Use Only Version shows until the suspect Step some Presenting symptoms of resignation elements and introduces the guilty suspect alternative The for An options choices that if The focuses on the reason nod of the the the suspect single in with clear is to understandable develop the The act contrast question that calls of the less offensive acceptance statement the admission committed leading to central offers question by making why exhibits theme down question in the form of of the supporting the the suspect alternative statements close head he does not accept the reprehensible condenses telling the truth Supporting or answer important part suspects mind believe usually question start Once Question the investigator the alternative 2/2312011 of must phrase the alternative opposite one-word sign an Alternative in step opportunity to question investigator between physical dated of the two in the concern others alternative may one.103 b7E b7E Having the Suspect Relate the Details of the Offense Once you have it is critical that the investigator immediately proceed to having the suspect yes further commit himself to discussion of the details of the crime actions The Step that investigator that was should follow with statement of reinforcement such as Good thou uht the case.104 ib The Closing Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036826 45 FBI036346 Official Use Only UnclassifiedlFor Official Use Only Unclassified/For Version dated Version dated: 2/2312011 212312011 term should keep mind throughout the process that a long keep in throughout the long term process that Additionally, you you should in mind his information information turns be turns out out to to be relationship relationship could could be be established established with with the the walk-in walk-in, even even ifhis false false. Additionally if Unclassified/For Official Use Use Only Only UnclassifiedlFor Official ACLURM036827 46 46 FBI036347 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version Annex This annex enforcement DOD meant is or foreign to provide of detainees interviews one defending your work that have not yet been court foreign or the potential for that establishing U.S Overseas Interviews law custodial conducting of Defense Department extensively with confer an admissible statement U.S These Attorney U.S U.S you should confer with prosecution Given the extensive Bagram and in the up Security at Law Abu high for particularly in have that activities was not coerced statement you obtained overseas any is to heading FBI National of interrogation be the on cases In cases system the the threshold facilities may be cases judicial media coverage other Attorney be working may agents end U.S the your he or she will ultimately as At times courtroom in the assigned to an Guantanamo Ubraib for guidance States could potentially NSLB Branch United 2/2312011 custody aspects of obtaining all Enforcement planning in You must on Law Custodial Conducting dated some way b7E LEhe did you in assumption of the court statements subjects not confront to you used that opportunity agency previous statements ensure that you are not tainting or foreign that is one detention conduct yourself that Agent issue facility DODs from will You have DOD CCTV detainee that you had no knowledge and write up mandatory or foreign You in by interviews you must keep that If an provided foreign police before hand or the mind when in guest with limited are issues working to or no authority mission How you but also that of every FBI mission your current DOD in with agencys primary mission foreign must pre-coordinate You pre-amble form and in to consider DOD for anything You have will be using The facility long term detention facilities is to Unclassified/For that limited and foreign detention DOD Many all you or no may facilities video tape Official to offer control ask for or detention most likely or provide to the over the detention standard advice of rights copy of your interview For various reasons the interviews Use Only ACLURM036828 will from within the room or intend modified or foreign You interviews your interview observing representative of your subject Videotaping policy interviews intelligence video taping policies during your interview form if Always keep comes behind you have conditions admissible even Ic not only impact on There are several other facilities is yourself overriding diverts resources of the knowledge your interview you should confer with your attorney prior to There during review the results of law enforcement to prior with information he previously provided the subject mind that you may one day be on the stand swearing of the subjects via may be statement which you are asserting obtain This may also DOD be the 47 FBI036348 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version in policy detention any foreign facility hearing issue because the defense but the tape taped the interview The obvious retained you work facility possibility that your interview This creates aware be that the that tremendous defense to the if There it 2/2312011 suppression USG U.S Government the was not copy tape was destroyed to hide the fact out information on the videotaping are several steps to policy for that any for the preparing be taped will with the Pre-coordinate in are be provided will Seek document and in cannot accusation was coerced the confession you become will dated be conducting will you facility your interview in to determine their taping policy Discuss the taping NSLB policy with your chain of how determine to Immediately to you unable to pre-coordinate are assume policy that your your best course of action Additionally facility upon your is obtain to seeking any essential to DOD that or Personnel the detainee is write not mistreated officials to because you are not report policy intelligence interviews If on are from influencing it that this observe allow Military or Interrogator if it from This is be able to your arrival at the exceptions to policy treatment damage will their taping above the all you after policy through with the the rapport is not possible etc facility request is technically CCTV that it be channels official your interview from within reasons the ensure to personnel and Intelligence foreign and an official of the foreign in US DOD facilities you should possible vs FBI law enforcement of observers the participation and to monitoring room to try to prevent his have the presence the detaineei room with you be pre-briefed do This occurs for several In the if exempt from monitoring observer watch or foreign to and information obtained during your interview DOD may require influence you can the certified govermnent DOD room monitoring it will or foreign personnel CCTV from determine to facility unlikely special of the video or copy with authorities your success preserved to allow time to obtain room is it arrival at the facility will likely personnel that Seek because or Attorney procedures be taped will an exception to the video taping negotiate U.S and facility pre-coordinate with the interview command situation on videotaping ensure mutual understanding If handle best arrival at the upon your the to it is critical that remain in the back the event he be completely of the room and Unclassified/For Official that DOD the unknown to the uninvolved Use Only ACLURM036829 in Observer subject must and that sit in he anyway 48 FBI036349 Unclassified/For Use Oniy Official Version dated 212312011 b7E Obtain the document identifiers name monitoring room Given that and ie his role in the interview on resistance and observer that this information the absence important because is of have person who the to accept to locate adequate the by Sergeant Smith of the individual at that the intelligence commander facility may later use the government is hiding the statement was coerced In the end you simply noting that the MI Brigade would lithe the in the defense the on this issue although militarysposition was observed interview could testify that or foreign military explaining to the Try of this information to create the impression existence will may issue this you can expect be observer and room or sitting in the interview this individual official DOD information of the contact was he be likely date later h7E You must detainee pre-coordinate during You commander facility intend go about to policy facility Your It is critical to of this mission subject Being you have concerns foreseen you mitigate the your subject they are at still this issue You as part If to because working time U.S your you cannot this of your rapport that you DOD you guest policies NSLB or document facility policies to with an advice to the from your at the facility you have that and drinks If not how determine issuemake the on offering plan to avoid violating building how you detrimental intelligence are or foreign JAG Attorney facility discuss be offering will be directly can because and the to should be where your needs conflict identify reach the attorney should also discuss in detail obtain actionable to is critical about the impact of any should contact move on and if flexible is or provide to offer arrival at the upon stop advise the commander of rights and pre-amble to the subject facilitys first should explain your mission The purpose it that you intend anything your interview to decision snacks to in this any policies area You have document the day that you of each preamble advice to list control over the detention his condition preamble start no questions interview the every time you interview below and by provided him The preamble day of interviewing document which of rights form preamble conditions will go Dependent questions and him You should be noted 1A envelope subjects Unclassified/For accomplish you need this answers Official in handwriting at U.S the ACLURM036830 Attorney start Use Only notes of your on and to by using of our subject with you interview on the preference of your the can photograph taking so questions should be read to the subject The answers in of your subject every at the the the you may want FD-302 49 FBI036350 Unclassified/For Use Only Official dated Version 2123/2011 1o7E You be reading will of each most likely use the modified However day of interviews are you if right form that is no for intelligence An interviews of versions that if he refuses to Read If This you the languages or foreign custody on him to Have him be allowed interviewers and date the the sign the sign because everyday There Since Intranet there are is no way an American defense to access you was your law enforcement below provided FBI the interview terminate the interview to an attorney Sign and read is the case your subject allows the subject essentially his right to in will use an advice of to conducting subject the at you annex of the personnel between or foreign will are done is advice of rights form to your subject verbally two the waive the 1A envelope have DOD District available end at the of this advice of rights advice of rights form the translated in several in DOD by environment you may be required Attorney interviews and pre-amble rights an overseas include wise to re-advise is it version English this detainee attorney days are in you particular over him between control interrogated US with to that unique Because advice of rights working over the course of several have form of advice of the subject start copy in while having English you read to him and preserve advice of rights form written witness blocks date and preserve it in his in it it in your language 1A your envelope The facility will likely maintain for copy ask for of your interview write After approval up Chain-of-Command you should disseminate the detention facility your 542 600 write up 2004 LHMs If dealing to the which with line found Miranda warnings that because the warned statement The Court statements in Seibert use of curative obtained by LHM personnel will you ask by the FBI at the help maintain the FBIs must follow FBI before providing government based on statement the service and copy of facility ineffective discussed quickly to will order to In the military of your FD-302 foreign foreign detainees LHM ASAP to the military information to for releasing interview U.S Getting with the facility relationship protocols the up copy of your interview write record of information obtained from complete cited merely is Oregon measures two-step1 of cases as Unclassified/For to process Official mid-interrogation continuation Elstad necessity interview stemming from Missouri 470 1985 exclusion The Court suggested Use Only ACLURM036831 of the invalid U.S 298 preventing Seibert were first which of that 50 FBI036351 Unclassified/For Official Use Only Version substantial break inadmissibility help and to in excluded Where and curative steps several interviewers or an additional statement are curative warning 22312011 explaining the likely measures among others that person would clearly understand the Miranda warning reasonable no Additionally interviewers circumstances of the pre-warning ensure that waiver time and dated cases are taken the post-warning stemming from knowledge of previous Seibert statement will likely be discuss statements The continuity findings of in these casesi b7E b7E b7E Recommended practices b7E Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036832 51 FBI036352 I Official Use Only UncIassifiedIFor Official Use Only Unclassified/For Version dated 2/2312011 Version dated: 2/2312011 lb Official Use Use Only UncIassifiedIFor Official Only Unclassified/For ACLURM036833 52 52 FBI036353 UnclassifiedlFor Use Oniy Official Version doted 2/23/2011 Preamble Questionnaire The following interviews cases to mitigate destined for is list the fact of questions that U.S Courts It is create you own form Use of this form should be discussed that Detainee Name Detainee ISN Date or is typed in should be retained identifing should be that the detainee asked at the DOD suggested in in detail in 1-A and with your start of each custody this applies format that documented U.S day of only to you can use to in your FD-302 Attorney number Location Interviewers Translator Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036834 53 FBI036354 Unclassified/For Official Use Only Version dated 2/2312011 07E Note etc appearance Note DOD if of the subject for the detainees Note breaks provided Read the appropriate translated 1A verbally envelope have the two your notes was screened the subject facilities in for to FD-302 and medically before be medically screened meals water prayer etc in Healthy the interview before and your notesand advice of rights form to him in English to him Sign and Have him read and interviewers sign the date sign It is after your customary in an interview FD-302 from the form you read to him and the the injured rested calm having it in preserve your copy advice of rights form written in his language witness blocks and date preserve it it in your 1A envelope Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036835 54 FBI036355 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version THIS IS THE MODIFIED ADVICE OF RIGHTS FOR OVERSEAS dated 212312011 USE ADVICE OF RIGHTS We of the United are representatives United States United States Before we You have the right to Anything You you have you cannot Even though certain rights in you must understand your be used against say can right to you with we are not in the your dealings with us rights remain silent in you court lawyer with you during have we lawyer for advice before right to talk to You have If ask you any questions Government States laws provide afford lawyer provide you one will ask you any questions questioning be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish Our ability to decisions If you stop with counsel at this time however of local authorities decide to answer answering at Acknowledgement or the questions may be limited availability of an American or qualified now without lawyer present you hive by the attorney the right to any time of Rights and Waiver of Rights to an Attorney and to Remain Silent Name___________________________________________ Signature________ Witness Name Witness Signature Date Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036836 55 FBI036356 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version THIS IS dated 2/2312011 THE STANDARD ADVICE OF RIGHTS ADVICE OF RIGHTS Place Date Time YOUR RIGHTS we Before You have Anything ask you any the right to questions rights remain silent say can be used against you You have right to talk to You right to have you must understand your have you cannot afford if you wish you in court lawyer for advice before we ask you any questions lawyer with you during questioning lawyer will one be appointed for you before any questioning you decide right to stop to answering answer at now questions without lawyer present you have the any time CONSENT have this time read am this willing statement to answer of my rights questions and without understand what lawyer my rights are At present Signed_______________________________ Witness________________________________________ Witness________________________________________ Time _____________ Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036837 56 FBI036357 Unclassified/For Use Only Official dated Version Annex to applicable that modified is Human 2-22.3 Quick Reference Questioning This annex This annex Collector Intelligence cover to offers be all-inclusive did they tell keep in they you mind Sketches Missions may How and to did and Hon and did they the may questioning in order to will the lED Also good basis for statement through use of Google and areas etc he discusses covers the Earth initial topics you Future Mission and supported commander to the into any of the OB factors Logical is follow-up any time during at information VBIED attack attack Ambush etc Kidnapping enemy attack they attack will is What units will participate What tactics will main the objective of the attack in the Missions Insurgent Factories Training will the units What obstacles traps etc enemy have been have Support Areas and does the unit have What attack be employed Defensive Where an e-mail Time of Capture Mission provide complete What Where in questioned in that order to ensure that the information are Missions the through not meant to told you you Why did tell description provide of three source lead the collector Offensive verbal is Who did they phone It topics factor source sketch any location consists questioning questioning the over of topics but lays out frequently of importance you Where be used to help vet the sources can order of importance in the Battle any topic tell you tell they covering with Where OB images maps or even satellite Mission When by Order of understand than to Mission Missions collected technique FM more it covering these collector proper questioning you should have that consider Past the Ws you When HUMINT for the trained make reminder help in help you in thoroughly logically mind tell planning comparison in to be used as can It of Reference Quick was modified It Operations quick reference are easier operational to nor instructive in Always keep Questioning interrogation and used requirements grouped What of Appendix version counterinsurgency may want you 2/23/2011 Safe Houses Facilities lED facilities such facilities establish the facility assigned to the facility been emplaced the to protect mines IEDs Booby- facility Composition What is the units name What is the command What What How What types is units units are of that attached of each goals unit element of the target control of units are directly the designation many and professed and subordinate the to of the subordinate type are directly When Why Unclassified/For units subordinate What Official units to are Use Only ACLURM036838 unit target target unit they detached from 57 FBI036358 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version What units are What other How the basis is units cooperate with other unit that What does the target organizations does the target What When Why detached insurgent unit the target ties are unit dated they attached to 212312011 now with cc operate organizations insurgent together Family Town Tribe Ethnic background Professional background Religious tied to military service intelligence police etc mosque particular driven Criminally/Economically Operations Plans Contingency of to the capture Response communications of communications Loss How Communications Use of cell and phones and phrases house safe How phones satellite Are sim the unit use messengers the unit use clandestine Does the unit use any type of Handy Talkies clandestinely long are they used are code or What is the SOP communications for removed Are the words phones use messenger marking dead drops etc HTs I-Cafes e-mail chat pages use of Internet cache facility or communications use not in Does the moved locations switched cards Does Use of caches vacated training does the unit maintain used on phones dis-assembled when and plan link up plans compromise of to the Response member safe houses unit plans altered etc single e-mail account draft system Facilities Are houses training safe methods Security facilities How long Who selects sites bomb factories caches etc used at facilities booby-trapped is facility used before being abandoned facilities Movement procedures Convoy procedures Use of SOP scouts for Media How Are is all handling checkpoints Operations Does the unit organized Who is it How How does the video make Does the in return take it unit contract for charge of it to it to the get the Internet video on the Internet out to independent operatives that provide media product payment What website Hostages media cell have videoed operations long does in Does does the unit use to disseminate the unit currently they When If so Who Where are How often are the hostages its media products hold any hostages where they seized Why were they seized moved Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036839 58 FBI036359 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version What are utilized to protect measures security Are they held for propaganda How How Does are the dated 2/23/2011 from rescue hostages reasons or financial treated hostages are potential identified hostages the unit buy hostages Does the unit have How is organized and Intelligence What How Who How time committed full who or attack conducted conduct will ultimately does the unit maintain Organizational responsibilities Is conducted it of vetting security of operations by specialists or by members use of cellular selection of organization etc Characteristics non-hierarchical Is the organization hierarchical Is the organization highly structured Are movement members Do and attack the internal compartmentalization recruits duties selected sites reconnaissance target who element them selects is intelligence it leads elements are the intelligence are targets those How it leaders exercise or or unsystematic or specialists centralized generalists control do they allow autonomous or action and initiative few Are there the promotes decision rapid making or is there redundant promotes survivability leadership Does leaders movement and organizations or does independently operate networks such as criminal it have religious links and to other political organizations Does Weapons the movement place more weight on political action or violent action and Equipment Strength Weapons AK-47s RPGs Individual What individual weapons are there in Sniper Rifles Hand target Guns unit How many What is Where the distribution are the of the weapons weapons obtained Crew-Served Weapons mortars heavy machine guns What unit crew-served weapons are in target recoilless rifles How many What is the distribution Other Weapons What What How other Vehicles weapons missiles chemical anti-aircraft weapons types are of the are there in target weapons unit How many they distributed What vehicles are in unit How many What nomenclature UnclassifiedIFor Official Use Only ACLURM036840 59 FBI036360 Unclassified/For Official Use Only dated Version IEDs IEDs 2/23/2911 EFPs \TBTEDs Explosively Formed Penetrators What type How many Where they are Dispositions is questioning Disposition Where is the target Show on the map done ideally with the aid of the of the target location disposition What enemy units activities or equipment are What security measures are being employed at Additionally types of dispositions specific Area-Type Dispositions Show on the map or are units or activities Where are the unit What vehicles What is is location location that additional require follow-up etc perimeter of the disposition the describe at that Areas Assembly Areas Trains Staging Where What map disposition within it located approaches/entrance charge in or are located equipment within the disposition of information the date Tactics What Offensive SVBIED What other When did What being employed are unit by lED VBIED involved units are unit begin employing are the What What units are other tactics defensive tactics are being employed by unit involved unit begin employing did these major objectives Defensive When tactics offensive Ambush Kidnapping etc What Special Operations these tactics special operations tactics are being employed by unit What are the When did designations of the units employing unit begin employing are these tactics Training What Where/Why special special operations tactics tactics operations being employed Trainin2 Individual Who How is effective Where What What training is being conducted by unit training the training conducted are the training standards is is What unit training is being conducted by unit being trained effective Where the is Unit Training Who How individual being trained is the training the training conducted are the training standards is Specialized Training What specialized Unclassified/For training Official is being conducted Use Only ACLURM036841 by unit 60 FBI036361 Unclassified/For Official Use Only Version Who is How effective Where What 2/23/2011 being trained is the training the training conducted are the training standards is What specialized Does the unit Combat dated provide used in the conduct is equipment of the training training counter-interrogation Effectiveness Losses Personnel What When What were have personnel losses been unit by incurred How Where the of the duty positions/ranks lost have losses Equipment What equipment What type of equipment was lost personnel been sustained by unit When Where How many How were they lost Personnel Replacements Received What What between discern replacements have replacements are available and foreign indigenous been received by unit unit to How many From where were the replacements received What Available From where personnel replacements are available unit to replacements available are How many What How long would ranks it take for replacements to arrive once requested Equipment Replacements Received What equipment replacements have been received by unit How many From where How original equipment What the level is received were the replacements does the quality of the replacement of confidence in the equipment replacement compare to that of the equipment compared to the original What Available From where How How long does it Received What What type was What is What equipment to unit replacements are available receive reinforcements was What been of the reinforcing unit the reinforcing receive unit equipment once requested available received by unit unit unit bring further assigned reinforcements unit reinforcements parent are have did the reinforcing receiving unit From where to unit the reinforcing long will the reinforcing Available replacement type of equipment the designation To which Why How take of each many Reinforcements did equipment replacements available are be assigned as reinforcement are available unit/location Unclassified/For are to available Use Only ACLURM036842 unit unit reinforcements Official to 61 FBI036362 Unclassified/For Official Use Oniy Version What How Suicide of units are available types long does it take reinforce to reinforcements for dated 212312011 unit to arrive once requested operatives Where Who How from do they come them recruits they prepared for their operation are Are they isolated Are they easy to from the fighters obtain Morale Describe the morale of the members of How What is What effect the unit unit been.. long has the morale doing to maintain/improve the morale leadership morale had on the behavior has high/low of the unit or performance members Logistics What Weapons Why are What How Who Is the weapons being done is often is What done are there What problems What problems systems What is being done shortages What is For is If so why shortage while weapons are being maintained unit weapons in are there with spare parts of ammunition quality types fit delays are available etc for the the Last with ammunition for being experienced Why Since to correct weapon/weapon to correct problems weapon or weapon for the or weapon system are there in unit shortage of ammunition issue weapon when the of ammunition being done unit How much When are unit What When was on maintenance unit in the in for parts are there Ammunition What weapons often emphasis of spare shortages system How the unit whom By performed to prevent/alleviate parts spare What improve the condition of the weapons an increased is What to in weapons condition in that maintenance inspects there of the specific the condition is weapon for the or weapon system in the was issued the next issue of ammunition planned Where insurgents/irregulars is funding obtained for ammunition/explosive purchases Where How are are What Vehicles Why What are is obtained ammunition/explosives ammunition/explosives is the the vehicles being done How often Who inspects is to condition in that transported/delivered of the specific in the unit improve the condition of the vehicles maintenance vehicles vehicle condition performed How often Unclassified/For By whom Official Use Only ACLURM036843 62 FBI036363 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version Is there What an increased is What done are there parts spare What problems there on maintenance emphasis for vehicles Where with spare parts are there Who How and of equipment phones are being maintained of spare shortages fit parts are eto delays does the unit use for usage etc from devices obtained long are they used before disposal Where controls does the unit draw money the how Does does it unit they paid regularly members receive compensation If so how much them get to the unit finance criminal If so are of martyred the families from money Are unit members paid Do why quality I-cafĂ 2123/2011 them obtains Finance Who cell phones kind Satellite communications are the so What unit in Communications Equipment What communications If shortage while vehicles to prevent/alleviate dated criminal through operations activity If so what kind of activity Medical What Equipment medical equipment individual What is What are the contents What is What shortages is in unit How many the distribution the of individual medical kits in the unit quality there are What problems with the individual are there medical equipment/supplies in unit What vehicular What is What are the contents What is What shortages medical equipment is in unit How many the distribution the of vehicular medical kits in unit quality there are What problems unit unit members of unit How many with the vehicular medical equipment/supplies are there Personnel What medical personnel are assigned in to What medical personnel are available to treat What are the duty positions of the medical personnel What of of medical care level medical personnel are the able to provide to members unit What medical Facilities Where are the What level What higher echelons Medical of care Where What are to available of medical care MEDEVAC members of are compared rations shortages members of unit available Procedures to are are there What MEDEVAC procedures unit MEDEVAC collection points MEDEVAC procedures are Food What to there different personnel What is Evacuation are available are available facilities medical facilities lightly used for more seriously wounded wounded members of unit eating of food Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036844 63 FBI036364 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version What the is been When was the last issue When is the next issue is encountered in been water purification encountered methods Under what circumstances unit to members of or contamination unit used used what tablets are water purification are available unit unit with quality shortages they be will to unit source of drinking water for members of the What problems have of drinking water If with the rations provided of rations to members of of field rations are there stocks reserve Water What What 2123/2011 quality What problems have What dated color are they Obstacles What Enemy What have obstacles Where when what safe lanes are there type How are the Why have into emplaced or been fire sack friendly around the obstacles If mine fields collect method of emplacement of mines being covered obstacles the obstacles What Friendly forces enemy through pattern quantity and canalization the type of obstacles mortars ambush where emplaced etc they are denial of terrain etc have obstacles enemy forces Where encountered When Have those What effect been obstacles have breached the friendly or otherwise obstacles had neutralized on enemy maneuver PSYOP What Who is are being conducted by unit of the messages the text audience the target is Where PSYOP What Enemy PSYOP materials prepared how are they delivered are the Where and What the is Friendly What form What effect What is effect hoped-for PSYOP What of PSYOP have When was encountered PSYOP had the Where members of unit encountered have the leadership of unit on the officersfNCOsfenlisted of doing to counter the effects unit of friendly PSYOP Miscellaneous Personalities Question for name rank unit duty position and unit of key leaders Collect identifying color writing number Key Leader Role facial hair and such as and age height weight build hair and eye teeth information such as work Obtain contact fax characteristics hand and home addresses telephone numbers email address Traits in the organization Known activities Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036845 64 FBI036365 Unclassified/For Official Use Only Version Known dated 2/23/2011 associates and Background personal history and Beliefs motivations Education and ideology training Temperament for example careful impulsive thoughtful violent Importance in the organization Popularity Code outside Names used for specific Passwords When When did will go it What will the What other is the is into name of each unit What code names are being the current challenge/password for unit effect change next challenge/password infonnal run What methods code operations What it the organization What do group be in passwords members use Unclassified/For for are in use authentication Official Use Only ACLURM036846 65 FBI036366 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version Annex The USMC WW to Prior Interrogator he was II he became war working Marine Interrogator After the battle for Guadalcanal he became wrote based on brief guide this his being II World War during declaration Upon extremely successfuL trainer of Marine 2/23/2011 the most Moran Japanese for 20 years Japan in missionary the against WW During Interrogator by Major Sherwood was written article foLlowing successful Moran USMC from Major Letter dated II of during and Interrogators experiences BASED ON WORK IN THE FIELD SUGGESTIONS FOR JAPANESE INTERPRETERS BASED ON WORK IN THE FIELD SUGGESTIONS FOR JAPANESE INTERPRETERS by Sherwood Moran Major USMC REPRINT Division Section Intelligence Marine Division First Headquarters Fleet Marine Force C/O Fleet Post Office 168/292 of all First from wish really be himself He shouLd cormorant karasu mizu methods ni oboreru But his experience and importance out love word Last interviewer an interviewer must his strange But of course own temperament as it may seem to technique woman to The three of his no mane attempt suru the that without saying goes These say three own his is very not are of prime things think the first and the last are so Based on these comparison be What have to say concretely the interpreter it the in own three fLip will man does just as merely he things bon mot in the gradualLy making interviewer wooer should reaL and drowning student of best be open to suggestions and should be work will be based primarily upon his own character his own most important of the work and work his upon and cannot try to copy or imitate somebody else or proverb he will be Like the crow trying to imitate fish catching interpreter should the first is interpreter the Like every interpreter efficient not just entering words of the Japanese the the letter to an interpreter to say that better for any in Calif Francisco July 1943 17 selections Being San towards his is divided into two His prisoner sections knowLedge The attitude of and use of the Language the first one his ATTITUDE more important than his knowledge ways Let us take suppose all would on one needs is first thought knowledge think This is language attitude of the language Unclassified/For of prime importance of the Official had nothing Many in many peopLe to do with it that then shoot out questions and Use Only ACLURM036847 66 FBI036367 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version expect and demand of reply Of course that is unthinking very dated 2/23/2011 and naive point view can simply what start attitude my self-appointed way in attitude reply the in the that it When it that since he if This is safe you wouldnt place But that the is used the word where even he knows to ningen the tired combat for this is at first the point That is the not safe there enemy am and as taLking sleepy the good they no hope is stuff shite And they respond the sick are out of the they sneer that try to escape will Some or starving will people paragraph out of war doubly so wounded you know he been has as out of the is all comes to the wounded consider enemy at the right man who place hard-boiled human being to being an prisoner over Then forget as it were the tell them to forget it telling them is prisoner stuff human safe speaking part of this point get the prisoner to of escape not tell i.e prisoner and say Dont Of course do first often is perfectly critics self-styled opportunity that in and physically psychologically sentimental attitude consider is and thus picture Notice my and disarmed and captured the you what tell to this starving are simply needy human beings needing our help physical and spiritual This is the standpoint But in addition it is hard of one human being thinking of another human being from the Intelligence business common sense and yields rich dividends standpoint consider consider that the Japanese often and tell years what know really Ida no naka no kawazu taikai with acquainted the shirazu ocean them the But in relation idea that to alL is on in The been allowed not bottom frog in the is to know telling them by such where character for proverb of the well phrase to emphasize superiority standpoint this than hated world etc etc The the to antagonize you have above the and have sometimes not to be pitied rather they have been led around by the nose been going point But one must be carefuL giving person do not has not 10 is that by their leaders that they over soLdier them so statements is your by etc etc comes in that on the preceding mean that page One must be absolutely sincere one must not just assume the above attitudes in order to gain the prisoners mentioned confidence to know by voice your quote and get him to talk He the was My me that what sincere general Psychology on your face you do think that and Chinese Japanese remarked to think expression that that he thought he was was meaning know the the men proverb was has already difference the You must get him of your eye the tone of glance of the four seas keiteL Shikai fine gentleman to convey was that trying to be fair did not have attitude of the will been brought it out are brothers to One Japanese prisoner rippana shinshi he instinctively sensed that in for the Japanese in the article as such The Japanese Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036848 67 FBI036368 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version In to regard has years big advantage etc That etc versa infinite famous atone this with were He here this alL Cooks above could on with four He must be alive shumi etc before we miles to shore and about the Olympics be should had quite hobbies his pages Japanese remember how an interpreter being conversational real etc etc two or three write had asked what had swum has art politics history places eating and vice home his not is man but serpents harmless but withal as of culture insight warm gags From the above you wilt as of have not on common are based ideas But Wise proper sense characteristics most of these realize that he he must be vivid dignity and Two open and frank and tact patience friendly mentioned specifically He must have doves Right being He must have ability he must be simpLy he must have integrity sympathy yet he must be firm wise aLl values He of interpreter tine He must have stores of his life in This line about Japanese about the crawl stroke and with resourcefulness Japanese whom that in homesick 2/2312011 names and mentioning had to break off conversations swimming talked type even they to talk on and were to prove goes tourist knew interminable one of our prisoners number for Japan the prisoner how pleasant anything have in lived how he had Japanese department relatively mentioned has he make will personally him We captured tell you know places so willing prisoners talk If may be conversation One can fine Japanese alone possibilities athletics who and their schools students places person above was how many Japan on the all dated man should have sympathetic might sum it alL up by saying that common sense There may be some who read the above paragraphs or rather sense just glance show Now it in is to the different and yet not must interpreter in But first in regard but is right in such the first This as we midst interpretation Notice in essence to the were able that But careful will reading on the knowLedge say itseLf just as be in little the is experienced of things where we we In at Guadalcanal lists as Large of technical of the of work good one for the interviewer heart so in the kind the fact terms are general language of the Japanese can memorize mind and into the particularly good as important and most important victory is goods of the language itself Technical real idiomatic Japanese selling and salesman knowledge person Even phrases to try to being so typical of our Marine slam-bang methods where had what might be called battLe-field snatched bleeding and the snipers were they have mentioned point an art to get into the interviewed Corps just sentiment do not feel they are nearly who knows aLt the achieve is and freedom vocabulary person second language ones own language After is knowledge and use They are man may have perfect knowledge as linguist of language be skilLful and resourceful in its use Questioning people even in use of the important it say hard-boiLed-ness enlightened regard and the them who through still to talk But even in prisoners right off the battlefield sniping the UnclassifiedlFor and interviewed interviewing Official stilL as soon as of prisoners Later Use Only ACLURM036849 them while an after 68 FBI036369 Unclassified/For Use Oniy Official Version removed were they some base central and intelLectual doubtless will number finders know Large and then to the to business him pump him and of the problems he If and the statisticaL you center isnt it Arent peopLe pack of dogs like word of condemnation about show The all you Ask wounds his bombardier his my appreciated made comfortable been taken prisoner in bad shape was redressed social affair pretending the he that We And who of course questioning asking we had to go to do The world seems like chance rare attended has to do bombing simply is being to talk Begin to him Have him this shot planes down over difficuLty down in sitting and desire to have him fundamentally and friendly though very with of interviews And this was On another of his shinbone the in to note he if yet no is or his countrys attitude in is him sad occasion soldier was had been shot away middle of the interview the in redressing we that really at having There was man who had been day before interested there his leg In such to have his was almost it were interested and not information out of him This was me when was leaving after that first interview come and talk to me every day And yet people are us Are the Japanese prisoners really willing to talk preliminary him war of bad too burned and had broke off the point score of illustrations is all good psychology in order to get called out to you please continually were we to be interested prisoner Wont will number chunk considerable and nor very you and your questions not his most affable us just the right him things about himself Make or corpsman They had his he has had cigarettes if genuine sympathy He was bombs on dropping leg doctor whole backside We name age etc wounded you have or burns right him To begin way they other And so on Notice he was not willing to talk about nothing brought the if to get do the scrapping at each is advisable seldom isnt it Its mess of one of the Japanese Guadatcanal had He he not is out you can ask him if he has been food You can go on to say Western-style You can ask If it neither stage or praise towards etc right wounds his phrases pithy or tired funny scrapping broad human approach treated compact and to ask is by asking of the musingLy as war way Begin wounded not is Often language enough to eat if he likes it were This war is getting you been has man who does time at such phrases military information for troubles his course prisoner at the start the with for him or for interesting who something about radar equipment with idiomatic use business-like in away back bases prisoner words and phrases technical regard prisoner At the be almost out of it But he must have both wilt vocabulary general in etc etc Of terms and then at bases on some particular and highly technical before submarine his bombsights technicaL also Now down of times 2/23/2011 would be to get an thing with the assignment to question specific something about problem not en rapport advanced at the first back The fundamental far spiritual have questioned range from Guadalcanal dated such as the preceding But even for strictly later on when war information Unclassified/For could it Official be cited However you have started is weLL ACLURM036850 this on not to be too Use Only all systematic 69 FBI036370 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version Wander when into deughtful off it say is well channels from and presentation of interest to him and to of things to be too not mean systematic conversational dated the outward in But in the standpoint 2/2312011 But you approach of your workings mind you must be model of system You must know exactly what information and come back to ft repeatedLy Dont let your warm human interest you want your genuine interest business-Like now but cause you to be sidetracked prisoner half-baked not and ruthlessly persistent systematic comes to Look each individual cell over the where even up and stand at attention attention stiffly at Again interpreter or interpreters prisoner must stand not asked concession He on he Now my own standpoint to emphasize he is to talking circumstances even me information Let certain in give in with for that down sit made is is his the he questioning is gracious him or to threaten is he that is but that only unnecessary To emphasize that we are not on the his has One illustration right take on either side of and desire giving of our interpreters to be interviewed is puts under similar against scruples him it and that because no should patriotic etc conqueror defensive the attitude prisoner military personnel to jump as the purpose as emphasis presence of had no especially concrete to interviewed being enemy and conqueror he base was told that when marched the most certainty is if to do of being position most-patient to tell anything That is comes required and august enemies and conquerors are trying to he that the in is part of the first whoLe the think all this what we is used and no attempt well as he Layout prisoner they prod him and make prisoner allowed is are his to-be-respected him psychologically asleep whole attitude the against is and for the prisoner acts exactly kept the into the room him and we but is when come Later treated is he if at attention down to sit enemies approach and general equipment prisoner stand for You with to take difference mistreat him by human sympathy can go Deep up an important matter concerning which there is some of opinion At certain bases where prisoners are kept when some wish visitor the in be hard-boiled should the at he should national be of flag to give the prisoner sense of the dignity conqueror should be on display and majesty of the conquerors country and that he should stand at attention etc In this atmosphere the interpreter according to instructions attempted to the the interrogate citizen own of life In other he was into his took Japan As such personal matters that prisoner will teLL like but cannot that was zero in with him and some tea or coffee naturally and told everything and knowledge made to know about my you anything about military you wish tell conscious in But that later this with the result that that was wanted Official position they played same friendLy and informal information Unclassified/For of his present Intelligence results am but firmly courteously you anything words he was made so soldier vs enemy prisoner and talked intelligence replied captured him cigarettes perfectly and the hands Well this The prisoner and right interpreter manner he opened giving up so far as his available Use Only ACLURM036851 70 FBI036371 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version Of course take advantage construction his is always is based on the of you and your friendship must swear at there dignity emphasis this alt danger that some types the the same idea as work out the order in gang fear that to get take will dated 2/2312011 prisoner WiLL foreman that them of Of course of your advantage teacher any phase of life whether you are But judge an athletic trainer parent But there is some risk in any method this is where the interpreters character have so emphasized comes in that friendliness earlier in this eventually The This is recognizes your friendliness and reaLly your know the Japanese any information what it that is we if just the case No of the not should not something have the or even like to this the dictates MP the Japanese aLways open up to is few you with admiration He aluminum in the very boys girls ware or what have not situation with well quite kind are an interesting Japanese emphatic beginning such much gave can be done about something that tell them of person Ive Lived have many good friends Somehow have had most intimate prisoner reported as but about regulations as sentimental or other conversations met person Like you seemed hurt He said with never quite etc One Do the do anything goods from door to door the As for myself men women me very human decency of man about trying to sell stockings is You know of problems etc there selling were Like military had time You by the internationaL shame them and have succeeded Japan many years kinds he it give we in analysis you cannot Last be the end of the conversation as wont it yet been who prisoner Japan long cannot give you you know that admired him for it for he said Inwardly to abide above whom among guard in salesman begun to fight try the alt of lady to prisoners all one to do with appreciates You to the head of our granting the In war is machine He said much to my surprise right answer He knows his stuff But even this value are pretending conversation bulldozer me have said and prisoners of regarding this in of military he should without of reaL character view Therefore of point man scruples On Guadatcanal conscientious that One prisoner said to Like fool with burned fingers comes up What question information through yet in You cant articLe getting concrete true the and on your so offish surprise Japanese them about with and little sometimes say That is funny am offish Again pain you realty about these are not to talk to me willing things PracticaLly aLL the other you and have hundreds of do talk You seem different extend we them prisoners to you my friendship we have treated you welt far better probably than we would be treated and you dont respond etc etc telL him that we purposely well that if to You know were try to be human him perfectly prisoner say of the Japanese they wouldnt treat me the way am treating you meaning my attitude general act to think me and and approach then say will show you the way they would stand up and imitate the stern severe attitude of Japanese military officer toward laughing situation at the show and what an inferior and the prisoner smiles and even am putting describe is the on and agrees that that is bursts out actually the truth Unclassified/For Official Use Only ACLURM036852 71 FBI036372 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version Now in the this all one respect He have plenty them time and time again them interview hand other more or while less It may be advisable to according this my battle one to give we question Take should superior officer man who wants is how The affair particuLar merely give word simply for should be given and should capture Why above after one of the but Lose defeats terrific armies are famous GuadalcanaL armies has practically question wish dramatically end he 15 asking interested time to go the including be interesting to the question earlier days of the all know how brave stone Why Their through Malaya getting is you the and are not only defeated wall it You question in telling there are Japanese their point are not progress their the Philippines and captured see that this his as that Its is so-called prisoners like often but built-up really face am as story and at the telling part of it to ask prisoner What one would many questions as What do you such think soldier also on the of view of this and that Official ACLURM036853 he had if war Do you have asked these at great sneak-punch length on at Pearl But of course Use Only of to ask of the asked by us for they are more or Unclassified/For kinds like back to Japan Can you ever go back to Japan more than once when we had time and discoursed as these Japanese their skilL fortitude see the interest on the such of the the been startled at the remarkable you took Java and many other places The success of But you come to stupendous and remarkable simply for curiosity philosophy Harbor such We has problem of what questions is questions the of been you could questions Of course want the in world You captured ran right and run into annihilated the cuspidor the To come back Japanese Far East the over all impregnable Singapore Imperial the in Kong you Hong captured There of the way put the question AU the world knows and Japanese bravery the verbal this the is soldier is of the UteraL sense questions should imagination he in the on GuadaLcanal fighting Here phrasing prisoners His of the information concerned aLL leeway battle That was the question put to me to broad sense to prisoner who had been captured the day did you in the interpret the for of the is fit as he sizes he may be interviewing interpreter lose some regarding as he sees statement they were did you interpreter them it to question Why as this as talk bare way word affair dreary conversation the The prisoner rather is great in this prisoner him But on the sometimes presented question superior officers questions is after all nothing whole proceeding is concretely such question own questions and to elaborate up the situation and the only asked on more than one occasion most wooden and uninteresting to phrase of in front must once of sates resistance illustration view of point big advantage and talk to them when them at 2123/2011 and can interview at the have what front technique definite battle on GuadalcanaL his and oftentimes whack first have not had time to develop has many cases we out in rapidly get absolutely bases of time for interrogations of us right out at the those we advantage back at one of the interpreter wilt dated less questions what might 72 FBI036373 Unclassified/For Use Only Official Version term just to satisfy time such for and you the lose particuLar discussion such we questions where we our can judge the value is of value in are routine questions After these six away but we asked his each one of value is of other rank and unit armed the entering statistical But by rank tess own in its and though these questions way particular do not ask them often things so that When as these such imperative here are some But of course answers amble along discussing questions and replies in are disposed questions with with raid bombing name age the this many instances The last the man has judge how much of background mans order to which helps one to evaluate which had our interviews often after getting asked of the to question with Intelligence in The question front line particular situation on Guadatcanal nearly always to tike do not have wounded tired or before Japan and previous occupation six items mentioned above are more or from forces In should with Then too you can onty and he you get stale and more or less by open under palm trees interrupted we must usually stick to questions dealing side-shows information we we dealt deals where we primarily usually the in prisoners out too But 2/2312011 and ingenuity own Marine Corps of our case is before brilliance your were it may be prisoner information vital the answers to which as curiosity prisoner for so tong question In own our questions him long and only tired i.e questions questions curiosity know dated things wont be right too stiff Where arrive at Guadalcanal did you ship Very important How many landed with you What kind of come in Dont ask Leading questions dont say Did you come on warship Let him say Ask the name of the ship How many troops were on the destroyer ask how many troops ship If for instance he says he came on did you land did you usually travel on destroyer on such with question was sea-sick while sick myself Be deep feeling ask on other the number Of sure him how many troops its rotten many opportunities isnt feeling it crew you can add with and troops when you carried Dont be fuzzy destroyer to check you might ask him if he upIve been terribly sea point between you distinguish the this Did you throw destroyer How many questions be clear-cut At prisoners of times that you have course other ships were with yours in your What kind ships Where did you sail from and when Were there many ships in that harbor When did you Leave Japan Where were you between the time you of left were any Japan and the time you landed on Guadatcanal When you Landed Food medicaL After munitions Landed ArtiLlery supplies supplies you Landed where did you you were go Where battalion in weapons contact used and deadly artiLLery strafing with against i.e We the fire in you what want to know has mortars the the time you landed is the present of your attack last food night been the most efficient the Unclassified/For guns We How in your do you the most and terrific example of our bombing airplane found out that what we had effectiveness from the sea etc etc supply at night Of all our methods jungle machine and the time combat warfare have you had actual How objective one another mortars trench shelL in or regiment unit Sickness What was keep you between What experience captured your company were Official for airplane Use Only ACLURM036854 73 FBI036374 Unclassified/For Official Use Only Version thought was and troops number of artillery the illustrate the case and we pieces nature could be cited questions amphibious had many such of course is different one of the destroyer Our experience saiLors aviators talked Sherwood was very We of the questions immediate and most feared we always we aLways and their caliber of our Marine Corps prisoner the crew that questions for was not what they asked about numbers are enough and the information If the prisoner would be quite example seemed soldiers of asked most eagerly about had personal reasons but these forces 2/2312011 is to desired in an aviator different If would be the questions far more ready the still to talk than readily Moran MORAN SHERWOOD Major Of course our particular situation in many more such Well most devastating the some instances in thought probably dated U.S.M.C.R Japanese Interpreter OFFICIAL Buckley BUCKLEY Lt Cal USMCR D-2 Unclassified/For Official Use Oniy ACLURM036855 74 FBI036375 Official Unclassified/For Use Only Version Recommended of the Reid Influence Science Mackey Educing Information Greg Cialdini War Secret Al Qaeda Against by Chris Miller Science Interrogation Interviewing Intelligence Information Educing Bum Kubark 5th Edition by Robert Americas by Fred Inbau Confessions and Art by the Intelligence Science Board 2006 December and David Criminal Interrogation Task Force 500 Interrogators Slow Technique Practice and On 223I2O11 Reading Essentials The dated The Rise and Teaching Papers and by Intelligence Fall Science Case Report From The Studies Board April of American Intelligence in Study 2009 Vietnam by Orrin DeForest Chanoff Counterintelligence Interrogation July 1963 Approved for Release January 1997 Understanding Islam for Arabs Guide for Dummies by Malcolm Modern Times by Margaret Nydell Clark Unclassified/For Official Use 0niy ACLURM036856 75 FBI036376 Unclassified/For Official Use Only Version dated 2/2312011 Endnotes Educing 2FM Information Human 2-22.3 KUBARK CIA 4Id 5Id Page 37 6Id Page 31 71d 81d Page 32 Counterintelligence Information Page Art Interrogation Science Intelligence 2006 September Manual Board Page Phase Report Page 134 6-9 32-33 Page CIA 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